CONG NGHE DAY HOC II KET HOP MOT SO PHlRING PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUIC VOl PHimNG PHAP DAY THUC HANH 6 BUOC TRONG DAY HOC THOC HANH TIN HOC L0P12 Vu Anh Minh Trang Tru&ng THPT Lam Ddng SUMMARY Use some ac[.]
Trang 1CONG NGHE DAY HOC II
KET HOP MOT SO PHlRING PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUIC VOl
PHimNG PHAP DAY THUC HANH 6 BUOC TRONG
DAY HOC THOC HANH TIN HOC L0P12
Vu Anh Minh Trang
Tru&ng THPT Lam Ddng
SUMMARY Use some active teaching methods mixed with the 6 steps practice teaching methods to teach practical topics of Computer Science for grade 12 students
The article mentions use 6 active teaching methods: 1) Detecting and resolving issues; 2) project-based learning; 3) Differentiated teaching; 4) Method Algorit; 5) Trial And Error Method; (vi) methods
of assessment; mixed with the 6 steps practice teaching methods to teach Computer Science for grade 12 students Experimental results show a significant difference when comparing the activities of students in the class and the test results after the experimental Excitement and learning outcomes subject to change markedly in the direction of "development"
Keywords: teaching practic, active teaching Computer Science for grade 12 students
Ngiy nh$n bii; 12/8/2014; Ngiy duyft ding; 20/8/2014
1 D^t vin de
Phuang phip dgy thyc hinh li PPDH dya vio
sy quan sit GV lim miu vi thyc hinh ty lye eua
HS dudi sy hutog din cua GV thi hifn bing Idi
ndi, ciu hdi hay bii tip thyc htoh nhim giftp HS
rgn luyfn ky ntog thyc htoh [8] Qua thyc hinh HS
dupe luyfn tgp nhim frau ddi kT ning, kl xio dl hilu
rd vi nim vtog 1^ thuylt [9] Vdi thdi lupng ehilm
gin 1/2 sd tilt gitog dgy, tilt dgy thyc htoh cd inh
hutog rit Ito din kit qui hpc tfp bO mdn cua HS
Df tilt thyc hinh (TH) thinh cdng thi PPGD efta
GV frong gid TH li mOt trong nhtog ylu td quylt
dinh Tin hpc li mOt mdn hpc mdi, chua cd nhilu
nghien eto vl PPDH mdn niy Vdi die thft cua bii
TH Tin hpc ldp 12 li khdng cung cip kiln thftc mdi,
chi ed cic bii tgp vgn dyng kiln thftc da hpc Kit
qui dilu fra ban diu cho thiy da sd GV diu chua
dupe dio tgo vl PPDH mdn Tin bpe v i cich thftc
tl ehftc, quin ly trong gid TH, nhilu trutog cdn
hgn ehl vl miy tinh nfn gid dgy TH dgt kit qui
chua cao Xuit phit tft dilu dd vife nghifn eto, vin
dyng PPDHTH v i mOt sd PPDH tfch eye vio qui
frlnh dgy hpc TH tin hpc d ldp 12 eie frutog THPT
trong dilu kifn hgn ehl vl miy tinh, HS hpc TH
theo nhdm li hit sfte ein thilt
2 Ket qui nghifn ciru
a) Th^c trgng mdy tfnh, mdy chiiu, bd trf chd ngdi trong phdng Tin hgc; Quan sdt, diiu tra thi/rc trgng gidng dgy cdc bdi t^p vd TH cua GV mpt sd ti-u&ng THPT
Bk tto hilu nhgn thftc cua GV vi HS vl nOi
dung, ehuang trinh; thyc t l dgy v i hpc TH; CSVC, TBDH Tin hpc ldp 12 chtog tdi da phdng vin siu 10
GV dgy Tin hpc ldp 12, khio sit 474 HS ldp 12 eua cie trutog:
Trutog
THPT Due Trpng THPT Chu van An THPT Ding Da THPT Dg Teh THPT Bio LOc
s l lupng GV
2
2
2
2
2
s l lupng hpc sinh
150
80
87
82
85
Kit qui dilu fra eua Phdng CNTT vi Phdng GDTrH Sd GD&DT Lam Ddng cho thiy: gid hpc
TH frf n phdng miy thih da sd HS ngdi 2 em/miy tmh
- vi ngi dung ehuang trinh: 10 GV dgy ldp 12 d
trutog THPT (ehilm 100%) cho ring nOi dung hifn tgi phu hpp vdi thyc tiln v i myc tifu dio tgo NOi
TAP CHf THifr BI GlAO DMC - Sd 109 - 9/2014 • 49
Trang 2II CONG NGHE DAY HQC
dung SGK Tin hpc ldp 12 ngin gpn nhung nhigu kien
thftc trto tupng, khd dgy NOi dung cua cic bii tip v i
TH tin hpc ldp 12 cdn ft
vi dgi nga GVvd tinh hinh gidng dgy bg mdn:
10/10 (ehilm 100%) GV chua dupe hpc vl PPDH
TH vi quto ly HS frong gid TH,
ViPPDH:
+ 10/10 (ehilm 100%) GV cho bilt frong gid
dgy TH GV thutog lim miu nhtog ehl khd, chd HS
dl sai, sau dd dk HS ty lim, cudi ctog li GV kilm
tra vi sfta,
+ 10/10 GV (ehilm 100%) cho bilt rit khd dilu
khiln hogt dOng cua HS khi dang sft dyng miy tinh Do
vfy cung el bii frong tilt TH ft thyc hifn dupe,
vi thiit bi dgy hgc: 10/10 GV (ehilm 100%)
cho ring d frutog ed phdng miy tfnh hogt dOng
khdng In dinh, Nhtog tilt hpc trong phdng miy tinh
khdng In dinh, hu hdng khiln GV rit vit vi v i hifu
qui gid hpc khdng cao,
Tinh hinh thuc hi$n bdi TH:
+ 7/10 GV(chilm 70%) cho bilt: Cd mOt sd tilt
TH khdng tiln hinh dung theo phin phdi chuong
trinh ho§c khdng thyc hifn dupe do trftng thdi khda
bilu hoic khdng du phdng miy
+ GiOa cie nhdm TH trdn miy tinh khdng diu
nhau: ed nhdm lim rit nhanh, ed nhdm lim eh^m
ban GV cung ed bii nhung khdng hifu qui
vi nhgn thite ciia HS:
+ Mfte dO ein thilt efta mdn Tin hpc vdi HS:
Rat can thilt
SL
386
Tilf
%
77,6
Can thilt
SL
88 Tilf
%
22,4
Cdhay khdng cung dupe
SL
0
Tilf
%
0
Khdng can thilt
SL
0 Tilf
%
0
Dilu niy cho thiy, da sd HS diu cho ring mdn
Tin hpc rit cin thilt cho HS
+ Mfte do yfu thich mdn Tin hpc:
Thich
SL
104
Ti If %
21,9
Binh thutog
SL
281
Ti If % 59,2
Khdng thich
SL
89
Ti If % 18,7
Trong sl eie HS tra Idi thich hpc mdn Tin hpc
cho bilt ly do thich ehft ylu l i do: Dupe sft dyng
miy tinh: 85,6%; GV cd kiln thftc rfng, dgy hay, hip din: 100%; Mdn hpc giftp feh nhilu cho bin thin: 71,2%
+ Mong mudn trong gid TH Tin hgc
Cd 207 HS (ehilm 43,7%) mudn GV lim miu bii TH, HS xem v i lim lgi; Cd 267 HS (ehilm 56,3%) mudn thft nghifm giii phip efta minh trude khi xem GV lim miu
+ Mong mudn chia se nhitng khd khdn, gidi
phdp vd kinh nghiim thuc hi$n bdi tap: Cd 400 HS
(ehilm 84,4%) cho li cin thilt, Tft eie kit qui khio sit cho thiy dupe mOt sd tin tgi frong giing dgy v i bpe tgp bO mdn Tin hpc ldp 12 nhu sau:
+ GV chua dvtgc trang bi nhtog kiln thftc vl
PPDH TH v i quin If ldp hpc vdi miy tinh ngn gip khd khin frong vife dilu khiln HS trong tilt hpc TH, + GV thutog lim miu cho HS quan sit vi lim
lgi, chua cho HS ed thdi gian tu duy dk tim giii phip
trude khi GV lim miu
+ Phdng miy tinh cdn hay hu hdng inh hutog din chit lupng gid TH
+ MOt sd tilt TH khdng thyc hifn dtog phin phii ehuang trinh hoic khdng thyc hifn dupe do frtog thdi khda bilu
+ PPDH efta GV ed inh hutog din htog thft hpc tgp bO mdn ciia HS
+ Khdng phii HS nio etog mudn GV lim miu
frong gid TH Tin hpc m i mudn dk cie em tu duy, thft nghifm dk tim ra giii phip
+ Da sd HS diu mudn cd thdi gian dl chia se vdi nhau cich lim bii
+ GV rit khd cung ed bii trong gid TH
b) Lif a chgn cdc PPDH nhdm khde ph^c cdc tdn tgi vd phu hgp v&i dfc thd cua bdi th^c hdnh
Tm hgc l&p 12 1) PPDH TH 6 bu&c f9J: li PPDH dya trfn co
sd efta ly thuylt hinh dOng ed ehftc ning hutog din
vi thdng tin tii lifu dl kich thfch HS dOe Igp giii quylt nhifm vy hpc tfp
Cic bude efta PPDH thyc hinh 6 bude:
Bude 1: Nhtog thdng tin ban diu vl nhifm vy
TH
Bude 2: K I hogch hoic quy trinh do HS ty lip ra
dk hoin thifn nhifm vy TH, Bude 3: HS trao ddi vdi bgn trong nhdm hoic
Gv dk quylt dinh phuang to thyc hifn
50 • TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 1 0 9 - 9 / 2 0 1 4
Trang 3CONG NGHE DAY HQC II
Bude 4: HS thuc hifn theo quy trinh hoic kl
hogch dk hoto thinh nhifm vy TH
Bude 5: HS kilm tra lai kit qui ciia mmh so vdi
kit qui d philu hpc tip hoic so sinh vdi kit qui cic
nhdm khic
Bude 6: HS ty dinh gii kit qui lim dupe, chia
se kinh nghifm thyc hifn vi nit kinh nghifm dk lim
tdt hon d lin sau
Diy li PPDH cd cic bude gidng nhu cic bude
frong qui trinh giii quylt vin dl thdng thutog PP
niy cd thi ip dyng frong day TH Tin hpc ldp 12 frong
trutog hpp HS ngdi theo nhdm (2-3 HS/1 miy)
Trong mdi bii TH GV cd thi thilt kl cic bude niy
thinh cic hogt dOng giup HS lim quen vdi cic bude
dl giai quylt vin dl Cie hogt dOng dd cd thi li:
Hogt dgng 1 - tuang tog vdi Bude 1 (lim vife
ca nhin): HS dpe nOi dung bii TH nhim xic dinh
myc tifu eua bii TH;
Hgat dgng 2- tuong tog vdi Bude 2 (lim vife
ci nhto): HS ty suy nghi dk tim ra giii phip dl giii
quylt;
Hogt dgng 3 - tuong tog vdi Bude 3 (lim vife
theo nhdm): HS cd thi frao ddi vdi bgn frong nhdm
hoic vdi GV dl quylt dinh lya chpn phuang to tdi
uu
Hogt dgng 4 - tuong tog vdi Bude 4 (Lim vife
ci nhin- nhdm): Thft nghifm phuang to giii quylt
dd trgn miy tfnh dl kilm chtog kit qui
Hogt dgng 5 - tuong tog vdi Bude 5 vi 6 (lim
vife ci ldp): So sinh kit qua vdi nhdm khic bing
hinh thftc ddi chilu sin piiim ciia nhdm minh vdi sto
phim nhdm frinh chilu dl nit dupe kinh nghifm cho
ban thto Bfn egnh dd, trfn tinh thin chia se eua eie
nhdm khic, moi nhdm ty rut kinh nghifm cho minh
2) Vpn dgng PPDH tfch Cftc vdo dgy hgcTH
Tin hgc l&p 12
Vgn dyng PPDHphdt hi$n vd gidi quyit vdn di
[4]
Trong PPDH phit hifn v i giii quylt vin dk, GV
tgo ra tinh hulng gpi vin dk, dilu khiln HS phit hifn
van dl, hogt dOng ty giie, tfch eye, chu dOng stog tgo
dk giii quylt vin dg, nhd dd mi kiln thftc vtog vtog
vi tu duy phit trign
+ Tgo tinh hudng cd vin dl:
* Cie bii t$p tuang ty bii t|lp frong SGK nhung
phftc tgp bom, gin gui vdi HS hon
* Cic bii tgp mang tfnh khii quit hoic cic ciu hdi ddi hdi qui trinh tu duy
* Cic bii tip mi HS chua bilt cich thyc hifn:
* Mft sto phim chua dtog: GV chuin hi mOt tinh hudng sai hoic cho kit qui khdng mong mudn
dg hp phit hifn nguygn nhto vi sfta chfta sai sdt Cudi gid hpc GV cd thi chpn mft sto phim chua dtog cua Hs hoic dua tinh hudng GV chuin bi trinh
chilu dk HS quan sit, phit hifn nguygn nhto sai lim
vi sfta ebOfa nd
+ Dilu kliiln HS phit hifn vi giii quylt vin dk
nhu sau:
Bude 1: Xic dinh dupe vin dk cin giai quylt Bude 2: Suy nghi tim giii phip dk giii quylt
Bude 3: Tim ra phuong to tdi uu giii quylt vin
dk
Bude 4: Thft nghifm, kilm chtog Bude 5: Trinh biy kit qui
Bude 6: Dinh gii, rftt kinh nghifm
Vgn dyng PPDH theo dyrdnvdodgy TH Tm hgc lap 12 [10]:
1) GV xiy dyng kl hogch bii dgy gdm cie nOi dung: Myc tieu efta dy to; Thdi gian hoto thinh; Sto phim dy kiln hoto thinh; Tigu chi dinh gii; Cic ngudn tu lifu tham khio
2) GV triln khai din HS dk hp hilu vl dy to
3) HS ty xiy dyng kl hogch, phto edng nhau thyc hifn dl hoto thinh sto phim theo ygu ciu 4) GV v i HS dinh gii, nit kmh nghifm
Dgy hgc phdn hod [4]:
GV chuin bi hf thing bii t^p dip tog cho nhilu ddi tupng
Bii tip phin hoi cd thi dua ra vio diu gid nlu
bii tgp frong bii TH khd hoic dua ra vio cudi gid dk
hpc sinh rfn luyfn thgm
Vgn dyng phuang phdp Algorit [5]
Sau khi HS lim vife e i nhto v i lim vife theo
nhdm dk thdng nhit chpn giii phip dl giii quylt vin
dk, GV dl nghi HS xic dinh trinh ty cie bude hoic
eie edng vife dk thyc hifn trude khi tiln htoh thft
nghifm frfn miy tinh Trinh ty cic bude ho$c cie cdng vife niy ed thi vilt frfn giiy hoic hinh dung frong diu GV ed thi gpi vii nhdm Ifn ghi Ifn btog eie bude hoic cic cdng vife niy trude khi HS thyc hifn frgn miy tfnh hoic khi ctog ed bii
TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 • Sl
Trang 4II CONG NGHE DAY HOC
Bude 1: Xac djnh myc tieu bai dgy
^'
Bude 2: Xay dyng cac tinh hulng gpi van dl va bai tap phan bac trong qui trinh thyc hanh
1 '
Bude 3: Nghien eto, lip kl hogch bai dgy
i r
Bude 4: Thiet kl cic hogt dpng dgy v i hpc (5 hogt dpng)
1 '
Bude 5: Nhin xet danh cii
Hinh 1: Qui trinh thiit ki bdi dgy thyrc hdnh Tm hgc ldp 12
Vgn dyng phuang phdp thit vd sai[3]
Sau khi suy nghi, thio lu$n dl thing nhit
phuong in giii quylt, hpc sinh tiln hinh thft nghifm
frfn miy tinh Nlu vife thft nghifm khdng thinh
cdng thi hpc sinh ed thi thft nghifm phuong in khic
cho din khi ra dvtgc kit qui mong mudn Hoic trong
qui trinh hpc sinh thyc hifn tren phin mIm, hpc sinh
qugn thao tie, liie niy hpc sinh cd thi thyc hifn thft
theo suy luin ciia minh frgn miy tinh, nlu chua dtog
cd thi thyc hifn lgi vdi cich khic
Vgn dyng cdc phuang phdp kiim tra, dinh gii
frong gid dgy bii tgp vi thyc hinh Tin hpc ldp 12 [2]
Trong eie gid thyc hinh GV ed thi kilm tra
cho dilm HS vio diu gid hpc, trong gid hpc, qua cic
bii kilm fra hoic dinh gii sin phim eua nhdm Tuy
ttog myc dich kilm tra mi GV kilm tra trong thdi
gian phft hpp
Vi dy: Nlu muln kilm fra vl kiln thftc da
hpc tgo tiln dl vio bii thyc hinh ed thi kilm tra
diu gid Trong qui frinh hpc sinh thyc hifn GV cd
thi kilm tra, giim sit dk bilt HS nio cdn ylu kdm
dl giftp dd thf m hoic dk HS ed y thftc horn trong
qui trinh hpc t^p GV ed thi kilm tra dinh gii sin
phim cua eie nhdm vio cudi gid, cudi ehuang dl
ting dfng lye lim vife efta HS qua dd dinh gii
dupe thinh qua lim vife eua ei nhdm trong mft
tilt thyc hinh GV kilm tra dinh gii qua cie bii
kilm tra 15 phftt, 1 tilt khi mudn dinh gii kiln
thftc, ky ning efta tftng HS
c) Xdy dipig qui trinh thiit kibdi dgy th{rc hdnh: (Xem hinh 1)
3 Kit lu$n: Dl ntog cao chit lupng dgy hpc TH cho HS THPT ldp 12 cin v$n dyng 6 phuang phip dgy hpc (PPDH) tfch eye: Phit hifn vi giii quylt vin dl; Dgy hpc theo dy to; Dgy bpe phto hda; Phuang phip Algorit; Phuang phip thft - sai; Kilm tra dinh gii; phdi hpp vdi PPDH thyc hinh 6 bude vio dgy thyc hinh Tm hpc ldp 12 Vin dyng cie PPDH niy
sg tgo htog thu cua HS vi ttr dd kit qui hpc t|lp bf mdn tin hpc sg ed sy thay ddi rd rf t theo chilu hutog
"phit friln"
Tii lifu tham khio
1 Ho SI Dim, Nguyin Hai Chiu, Ho Cim Hi,
Trin Dl Hftng, Quich Tit Kifn, Tdi li$u bdi dudng
GVthuc hign ehuang ti-inh SGK ldp 10, 11, 12 mdn Tin hgc
2 Phan Dtog (2012) Gidi thiiu: Phuang phdp lugn sdng tgo vd ddi mdi, NXB DHQG TRHCM
3 Nguyin Bi Kim, Lg Khic Thinh (2007)
Phuang phdp dgy hgc Tin hgc dgi cuang NXB Dgi
hpc su phgm
4 Debbie Candau, Jennife Doherty, Robert
Hannafin, John Judge, Judi Yost, Paige Kuni Intel
Teach to the Future
52 • TAP CHf THI^ BI GlAO DMC- Sd 109 - 9 / 2 0 1 4