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CONG NGHE DAY HOC II KET HOP MOT SO PHlRING PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUIC VOl PHimNG PHAP DAY THUC HANH 6 BUOC TRONG DAY HOC THOC HANH TIN HOC L0P12 Vu Anh Minh Trang Tru&ng THPT Lam Ddng SUMMARY Use some ac[.]
CONG NGHE DAY HOC II KET HOP MOT SO PHlRING PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUIC VOl PHimNG PHAP DAY THUC HANH BUOC TRONG DAY HOC THOC HANH TIN HOC L0P12 Vu Anh Minh Trang Tru&ng THPT Lam Ddng SUMMARY Use some active teaching methods mixed with the steps practice teaching methods to teach practical topics of Computer Science for grade 12 students The article mentions use active teaching methods: 1) Detecting and resolving issues; 2) projectbased learning; 3) Differentiated teaching; 4) Method Algorit; 5) Trial And Error Method; (vi) methods of assessment; mixed with the steps practice teaching methods to teach Computer Science for grade 12 students Experimental results show a significant difference when comparing the activities of students in the class and the test results after the experimental Excitement and learning outcomes subject to change markedly in the direction of "development" Keywords: teaching practic, active teaching Computer Science for grade 12 students Ngiy nh$n bii; 12/8/2014; Ngiy duyft ding; 20/8/2014 D^t vin de Phuang phip dgy thyc hinh li PPDH dya vio sy quan sit GV lim miu vi thyc hinh ty lye eua HS dudi sy hutog din cua GV thi hifn bing Idi ndi, ciu hdi hay bii tip thyc htoh nhim giftp HS rgn luyfn ky ntog thyc htoh [8] Qua thyc hinh HS dupe luyfn tgp nhim frau ddi kT ning, kl xio dl hilu rd vi nim vtog 1^ thuylt [9] Vdi thdi lupng ehilm gin 1/2 sd tilt gitog dgy, tilt dgy thyc htoh cd inh hutog rit Ito din kit qui hpc tfp bO mdn cua HS Df tilt thyc hinh (TH) thinh cdng thi PPGD efta GV frong gid TH li mOt nhtog ylu td quylt dinh Tin hpc li mOt mdn hpc mdi, chua cd nhilu nghien eto vl PPDH mdn niy Vdi die thft cua bii TH Tin hpc ldp 12 li khdng cung cip kiln thftc mdi, chi ed cic bii tgp vgn dyng kiln thftc da hpc Kit qui dilu fra ban diu cho thiy da sd GV diu chua dupe dio tgo vl PPDH mdn Tin bpe vi cich thftc tl ehftc, quin ly gid TH, nhilu trutog cdn hgn ehl vl miy tinh nfn gid dgy TH dgt kit qui chua cao Xuit phit tft dilu dd vife nghifn eto, vin dyng PPDHTH vi mOt sd PPDH tfch eye vio qui frlnh dgy hpc TH tin hpc d ldp 12 eie frutog THPT dilu kifn hgn ehl vl miy tinh, HS hpc TH theo nhdm li hit sfte ein thilt Ket qui nghifn ciru a) Th^c trgng mdy tfnh, mdy chiiu, bd trf chd ngdi phdng Tin hgc; Quan sdt, diiu tra thi/rc trgng gidng dgy cdc bdi t^p vd TH cua GV mpt sd ti-u&ng THPT Bk tto hilu nhgn thftc cua GV vi HS vl nOi dung, ehuang trinh; thyc tl dgy vi hpc TH; CSVC, TBDH Tin hpc ldp 12 chtog tdi da phdng vin siu 10 GV dgy Tin hpc ldp 12, khio sit 474 HS ldp 12 eua cie trutog: s l lupng GV s l lupng hpc sinh THPT Due Trpng 150 THPT Chu van An 80 THPT Ding Da 87 THPT Dg Teh 82 THPT Bio LOc 85 Trutog Kit qui dilu fra eua Phdng CNTT vi Phdng GDTrH Sd GD&DT Lam Ddng cho thiy: gid hpc THfrfn phdng miy thih da sd HS ngdi em/miy tmh - vi ngi dung ehuang trinh: 10 GV dgy ldp 12 d trutog THPT (ehilm 100%) cho ring nOi dung hifn tgi phu hpp vdi thyc tiln vi myc tifu dio tgo NOi TAP CHf THifr BI GlAO DMC - Sd 109 - 9/2014 • 49 II CONG NGHE DAY HQC dung SGK Tin hpc ldp 12 ngin gpn nhung nhigu kien thftc trto tupng, khd dgy NOi dung cua cic bii tip vi TH tin hpc ldp 12 cdn ft vi dgi nga GVvd tinh hinh gidng dgy bg mdn: 10/10 (ehilm 100%) GV chua dupe hpc vl PPDH TH vi quto ly HS frong gid TH, ViPPDH: + 10/10 (ehilm 100%) GV cho bilt frong gid dgy TH GV thutog lim miu nhtog ehl khd, chd HS dl sai, sau dd dk HS ty lim, cudi ctog li GV kilm tra vi sfta, + 10/10 GV (ehilm 100%) cho bilt rit khd dilu khiln hogt dOng cua HS dang sft dyng miy tinh Do vfy cung el biifrongtilt TH ft thyc hifn dupe, vi thiit bi dgy hgc: 10/10 GV (ehilm 100%) cho ring d frutog ed phdng miy tfnh hogt dOng khdng In dinh, Nhtog tilt hpc phdng miy tinh khdng In dinh, hu hdng khiln GV rit vit vi vi hifu qui gid hpc khdng cao, Tinh hinh thuc hi$n bdi TH: + 7/10 GV(chilm 70%) cho bilt: Cd mOt sd tilt TH khdng tiln hinh dung theo phin phdi chuong trinh ho§c khdng thyc hifn dupe trftng thdi khda bilu hoic khdng du phdng miy + GiOa cie nhdm TH trdn miy tinh khdng diu nhau: ed nhdm lim rit nhanh, ed nhdm lim eh^m ban GV cung ed bii nhung khdng hifu qui vi nhgn thite ciia HS: + Mfte dO ein thilt efta mdn Tin hpc vdi HS: miy tinh: 85,6%; GV cd kiln thftc rfng, dgy hay, hip din: 100%; Mdn hpc giftp feh nhilu cho bin thin: 71,2% + Mong mudn gid TH Tin hgc Cd 207 HS (ehilm 43,7%) mudn GV lim miu bii TH, HS xem vi lim lgi; Cd 267 HS (ehilm 56,3%) mudn thft nghifm giii phip efta minh trude xem GV lim miu + Mong mudn chia se nhitng khd khdn, gidi phdp vd kinh nghiim thuc hi$n bdi tap: Cd 400 HS (ehilm 84,4%) cho li cin thilt, Tft eie kit qui khio sit cho thiy dupe mOt sd tin tgi frong giing dgy vi bpe tgp bO mdn Tin hpc ldp 12 nhu sau: + GV chua dvtgc trang bi nhtog kiln thftc vl PPDH TH vi quin If ldp hpc vdi miy tinh ngn gip khd khin frong vife dilu khiln HS tilt hpc TH, + GV thutog lim miu cho HS quan sit vi lim lgi, chua cho HS ed thdi gian tu dk tim giii phip trude GV lim miu + Phdng miy tinh cdn hay hu hdng inh hutog din chit lupng gid TH + MOt sd tilt TH khdng thyc hifn dtog phin phii ehuang trinh hoic khdng thyc hifn dupe frtog thdi khda bilu + PPDH efta GV ed inh hutog din htog thft hpc tgp bO mdn ciia HS + Khdng phii HS nio etog mudn GV lim miu frong gid TH Tin hpc mi mudn dk cie em tu duy, thft nghifm dk tim giii phip + Da sd HS diu mudn cd thdi gian dl chia se vdi Cdhay Khdng can cich lim bii Rat can thilt Can thilt khdng cung thilt + GV rit khd cung ed bii gid TH dupe b) Lif a chgn cdc PPDH nhdm khde ph^c cdc Tilf Tilf Tilf Tilf SL SL SL SL tdn tgi vd phu hgp v&i dfc thd cua bdi th^c hdnh % % % % Tm hgc l&p 12 386 77,6 88 22,4 0 0 1) PPDH TH bu&c f9J: li PPDH dya trfn co Dilu niy cho thiy, da sd HS diu cho ring mdn sd efta ly thuylt hinh dOng ed ehftc ning hutog din vi thdng tin tii lifu dl kich thfch HS dOe Igp giii Tin hpc rit cin thilt cho HS quylt nhifm vy hpc tfp + Mfte yfu thich mdn Tin hpc: Cic bude efta PPDH thyc hinh bude: Khdng thich Thich Binh thutog Bude 1: Nhtog thdng tin ban diu vl nhifm vy SL Ti If % SL Ti If % SL Ti If % TH Bude 2: K I hogch hoic quy trinh HS ty lip 104 21,9 281 59,2 89 18,7 dk hoin thifn nhifm vy TH, Bude 3: HS trao ddi vdi bgn nhdm hoic Trong sl eie HS tra Idi thich hpc mdn Tin hpc cho bilt ly thich ehft ylu li do: Dupe sft dyng Gv dk quylt dinh phuang to thyc hifn 50 • TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd - / CONG NGHE DAY HQC Bude 4: HS thuc hifn theo quy trinh hoic kl hogch dk hoto thinh nhifm vy TH Bude 5: HS kilm tra lai kit qui ciia mmh so vdi kit qui d philu hpc tip hoic so sinh vdi kit qui cic nhdm khic Bude 6: HS ty dinh gii kit qui lim dupe, chia se kinh nghifm thyc hifn vi nit kinh nghifm dk lim tdt hon d lin sau Diy li PPDH cd cic bude gidng nhu cic bude frong qui trinh giii quylt vin dl thdng thutog PP niy cd thi ip dyngfrongday TH Tin hpc ldp 12 frong trutog hpp HS ngdi theo nhdm (2-3 HS/1 miy) Trong mdi bii TH GV cd thi thilt kl cic bude niy thinh cic hogt dOng giup HS lim quen vdi cic bude dl giai quylt vin dl Cie hogt dOng dd cd thi li: Hogt dgng - tuang tog vdi Bude (lim vife ca nhin): HS dpe nOi dung bii TH nhim xic dinh myc tifu eua bii TH; Hgat dgng 2- tuong tog vdi Bude (lim vife ci nhto): HS ty suy nghi dk tim giii phip dl giii quylt; Hogt dgng - tuong tog vdi Bude (lim vife theo nhdm): HS cd thi frao ddi vdi bgn frong nhdm hoic vdi GV dl quylt dinh lya chpn phuang to tdi uu Hogt dgng - tuong tog vdi Bude (Lim vife ci nhin- nhdm): Thft nghifm phuang to giii quylt dd trgn miy tfnh dl kilm chtog kit qui Hogt dgng - tuong tog vdi Bude vi (lim vife ci ldp): So sinh kit qua vdi nhdm khic bing hinh thftc ddi chilu sin piiim ciia nhdm minh vdi sto phim nhdm frinh chilu dl nit dupe kinh nghifm cho ban thto Bfn egnh dd, trfn tinh thin chia se eua eie nhdm khic, moi nhdm ty rut kinh nghifm cho minh 2) Vpn dgng PPDH tfch Cftc vdo dgy hgcTH Tin hgc l&p 12 Vgn dyng PPDHphdt hi$n vd gidi quyit vdn di [4] Trong PPDH phit hifn v i giii quylt vin dk, GV tgoratinh hulng gpi vin dk, dilu khiln HS phit hifn van dl, hogt dOng ty giie, tfch eye, chu dOng stog tgo dk giii quylt vin dg, nhd dd mi kiln thftc vtog vtog vi tu phit trign + Tgo tinh hudng cd vin dl: * Cie bii t$p tuang ty bii t|lpfrongSGK nhung phftc tgp bom, gin gui vdi HS hon II * Cic bii tgp mang tfnh khii quit hoic cic ciu hdi ddi hdi qui trinh tu * Cic bii tip mi HS chua bilt cich thyc hifn: * Mft sto phim chua dtog: GV chuin hi mOt tinh hudng sai hoic cho kit qui khdng mong mudn dg hp phit hifn nguygn nhto vi sfta chfta sai sdt Cudi gid hpc GV cd thi chpn mft sto phim chua dtog cua Hs hoic dua tinh hudng GV chuin bi trinh chilu dk HS quan sit, phit hifn nguygn nhto sai lim vi sfta ebOfa nd + Dilu kliiln HS phit hifn vi giii quylt vin dk nhu sau: Bude 1: Xic dinh dupe vin dk cin giai quylt Bude 2: Suy nghi tim giii phip dk giii quylt Bude 3: Tim phuong to tdi uu giii quylt vin dk Bude 4: Thft nghifm, kilm chtog Bude 5: Trinh biy kit qui Bude 6: Dinh gii, rftt kinh nghifm Vgn dyng PPDH theo dyrdnvdodgy TH Tm hgc lap 12 [10]: 1) GV xiy dyng kl hogch bii dgy gdm cie nOi dung: Myc tieu efta dy to; Thdi gian hoto thinh; Sto phim dy kiln hoto thinh; Tigu chi dinh gii; Cic ngudn tu lifu tham khio 2) GV triln khai din HS dk hp hilu vl dy to 3) HS ty xiy dyng kl hogch, phto edng thyc hifn dl hoto thinh sto phim theo ygu ciu 4) GV vi HS dinh gii, nit kmh nghifm Dgy hgc phdn hod [4]: GV chuin bi hf thing bii t^p dip tog cho nhilu ddi tupng Bii tip phin hoi cd thi dua vio diu gid nlu bii tgpfrongbii TH khd hoic dua vio cudi gid dk hpc sinh rfn luyfn thgm Vgn dyng phuang phdp Algorit [5] Sau HS lim vife ei nhto vi lim vife theo nhdm dk thdng nhit chpn giii phip dl giii quylt vin dk, GV dl nghi HS xic dinh trinh ty cie bude hoic eie edng vife dk thyc hifn trude tiln htoh thft nghifm frfn miy tinh Trinh ty cic bude ho$c cie cdng vife niy ed thi vilt frfn giiy hoic hinh dung frong diu GV ed thi gpi vii nhdm Ifn ghi Ifn btog eie bude hoic cic cdng vife niy trude HS thyc hifn frgn miy tfnh hoic ctog ed bii TAP CHf THI^BIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 • Sl II CONG NGHE DAY HOC Bude 1: Xac djnh myc tieu bai dgy ^' Bude 2: Xay dyng cac tinh hulng gpi van dl va bai tap phan bac qui trinh thyc hanh 1' Bude 3: Nghien eto, lip kl hogch bai dgy ir Bude 4: Thiet kl cic hogt dpng dgy vi hpc (5 hogt dpng) 1' Bude 5: Nhin xet danh cii Hinh 1: Qui trinh thiit ki bdi dgy thyrc hdnh Tm hgc ldp 12 Vgn dyng phuang phdp thit vd sai[3] Sau suy nghi, thio lu$n dl thing nhit phuong in giii quylt, hpc sinh tiln hinh thft nghifm frfn miy tinh Nlu vife thft nghifm khdng thinh cdng thi hpc sinh ed thi thft nghifm phuong in khic cho din dvtgc kit qui mong mudn Hoic qui trinh hpc sinh thyc hifn tren phin mIm, hpc sinh qugn thao tie, liie niy hpc sinh cd thi thyc hifn thft theo suy luin ciia minhfrgnmiy tinh, nlu chua dtog cd thi thyc hifn lgi vdi cich khic Vgn dyng cdc phuang phdp kiim tra, dinh gii frong gid dgy bii tgp vi thyc hinh Tin hpc ldp 12 [2] Trong eie gid thyc hinh GV ed thi kilm tra cho dilm HS vio diu gid hpc, gid hpc, qua cic bii kilmfrahoic dinh gii sin phim eua nhdm Tuy ttog myc dich kilm tra mi GV kilm tra thdi gian phft hpp Vi dy: Nlu muln kilm fra vl kiln thftc da hpc tgo tiln dl vio bii thyc hinh ed thi kilm tra diu gid Trong qui frinh hpc sinh thyc hifn GV cd thi kilm tra, giim sit dk bilt HS nio cdn ylu kdm dl giftp dd thf m hoic dk HS ed y thftc horn qui trinh hpc t^p GV ed thi kilm tra dinh gii sin phim cua eie nhdm vio cudi gid, cudi ehuang dl ting dfng lye lim vife efta HS qua dd dinh gii dupe thinh qua lim vife eua ei nhdm mft tilt thyc hinh GV kilm tra dinh gii qua cie bii kilm tra 15 phftt, tilt mudn dinh gii kiln 52 • TAP CHf THI^ BI GlAO DMC- Sd 109 - 9/2014 thftc, ky ning efta tftng HS c) Xdy dipig qui trinh thiit kibdi dgy th{rc hdnh: (Xem hinh 1) Kit lu$n: Dl ntog cao chit lupng dgy hpc TH cho HS THPT ldp 12 cin v$n dyng phuang phip dgy hpc (PPDH) tfch eye: Phit hifn vi giii quylt vin dl; Dgy hpc theo dy to; Dgy bpe phto hda; Phuang phip Algorit; Phuang phip thft - sai; Kilm tra dinh gii; phdi hpp vdi PPDH thyc hinh bude vio dgy thyc hinh Tm hpc ldp 12 Vin dyng cie PPDH niy sg tgo htog thu cua HS vi ttr dd kit qui hpc t|lp bf mdn tin hpc sg ed sy thay ddi rd rft theo chilu hutog "phit friln" Tii lifu tham khio Ho SI Dim, Nguyin Hai Chiu, Ho Cim Hi, Trin Dl Hftng, Quich Tit Kifn, Tdi li$u bdi dudng GVthuc hign ehuangti-inhSGK ldp 10, 11, 12 mdn Tin hgc Phan Dtog (2012) Gidi thiiu: Phuang phdp lugn sdng tgo vd ddi mdi, NXB DHQG TRHCM Nguyin Bi Kim, Lg Khic Thinh (2007) Phuang phdp dgy hgc Tin hgc dgi cuang NXB Dgi hpc su phgm Debbie Candau, Jennife Doherty, Robert Hannafin, John Judge, Judi Yost, Paige Kuni Intel Teach to the Future ... CONG NGHE DAY HQC dung SGK Tin hpc ldp 12 ngin gpn nhung nhigu kien thftc trto tupng, khd dgy NOi dung cua cic bii tip vi TH tin hpc ldp 12 cdn ft vi dgi nga GVvd tinh hinh gidng dgy bg mdn:... miy tinh khdng diu nhau: ed nhdm lim rit nhanh, ed nhdm lim eh^m ban GV cung ed bii nhung khdng hifu qui vi nhgn thite ciia HS: + Mfte dO ein thilt efta mdn Tin hpc vdi HS: miy tinh: 85 ,6% ; GV... sit cho thiy dupe mOt sd tin tgi frong giing dgy vi bpe tgp bO mdn Tin hpc ldp 12 nhu sau: + GV chua dvtgc trang bi nhtog kiln thftc vl PPDH TH vi quin If ldp hpc vdi miy tinh ngn gip khd khin frong