JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2014, Vol 59, No, 8, pp 133 141 This paper is available online at http //stdb hnue edu v DAY HOC THEO LI THUYET NHAN THlTC LINH HOAT VA VAN DUNG VAO DAY HO[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci., 2014, Vol 59, No, 8, pp 133-141 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue edu.v DAY HOC THEO LI THUYET NHAN THlTC LINH HOAT VA VAN DUNG VAO DAY HOC T H U C HANH MAY D l f N Bui Van Hdng Trudng Trung hpc Ky thugt Thuc hdnh Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm Ky thugt Thdnh phd Hd ChiMinh Tom tat Dac diem nhan thi'fc cua sinh vien c6 tinh chat iinh hoat, nen qua trinh day hoc, nhiem vu hoc tap can dupc xac dinh cu thi'tif muc tieu day hoc, DUa vao dd, cac yeu td cua qua trinh day hgc cd the difdc lUa chgn theo hudng linh hoat, ddng thdi sinh vien cung cd the chu dpng lUa chgn tiln trinh, npi dung va each thflc hgc tap phii hdp de dat dUdc muc tieu day hoc Td khda: Thiet kl day hgc; Lf thuyet nhaiVthflc Iinh hoat; Thuc hanh may dien, Mot dau Mot Erong nhflng dac diem ldn nhat cua boat dpng day hgc bac dai hpc la sU kit hpp gifla hoat ddng hpc vdi boat ddng nghien cflu khoa hpc Vi vay, phat Erien nang iUc tu va kha nang sang tao cua sinh vien Erong giai quyet van dl dUdc xem la mpt nhflng ylu Ed cdE ldi cho viec nang cao chll lupng day hpc Dieu dUdc thuc hien thong qua viec giang vien hudng din sinh vien each hpc, each xac dinh va giai quyet van de mpt each sang tao Ldp hoc thuc hanh cd the dUdc xem la mgt mdi trudng hgc tap phfl hdp cho viec day hgc cd sU kit hdp giua hoc tap vdi nghien cflu khoa hgc; gifla hgc tap dudi sU hudng dSn cua giang vien vdi hgc tap dua tren kha nang tfl hgc cua sinh vien Day chfnh la nhflng dudng khac de sinh vien tiep thu kiln thflc va phat trien cac kT nang vfla linh hoat, vfla hieu qua Tuy nhien, thifc te day hpc hien cd rat ft giang vien quan tam den viec td chflc day hpc theo quan diem Nam 2001, Johnston da phat trien khai niem "tiep can linh hoat day hgc" dUa tren cd sd cua ll thuyet nhan thflc linh boat va nhflng flng dung cua cong nghe thong tin day hgc Theo dd, day hpc theo tilp can hnh hoat cho phep ngUdi hpc lua chpn thdi gian, dia diem, npi dung va phUdng phap hgc tap phu hdp vdi nhu clu va dilu kien ca nhan [1] Tiep can da dUdc tri^n khai van dung thf diem d trudng Dai hpc Queensland tfl nam 2002 [2] va trudng Dai hpc Tasmania nam 2004 [3] Trong bao cao tdng kit, John Bottomley and Jocelyn Cafvert (2005) da khang dinh nhflng ldi fch mil hinh thflc hgc tap linh hoat mang lai Tfl kit qua tdng ket va rut kinh nghiSm cua trudng Dai hgc Tasmania, day hgc linh boat da dupc cac tnfdng dai hpc d Uc, New Zealand xem xet ap dung [3], Tuy nhien, cac flng dung dlu trien khai dUdi hinh thflc day hpc online, cac hoat dgng hpc tap deu dien mdi trudng internet, va chua cd nhflng nghien cflu flng dung ddi Ngay nhan bai: 05/O.V20I4, Ngay nhan dang, 17/11/2014 Lien he: Biii Van Hong, e-mail; bvhonglg@yahoo.coni 133 vdi cac hinh thflc hgc tap khac C nudc ta, li thuylt nhan thflc linh hoat cung da dfldc nghien cflu mdE sd cdng Erinh gan day, cu the nhU: Nghien cflu vl Ehill kl npi dung hgc tap theo If thuylt nhan thflc linh boat [4J, nghien cflu mgt sd kT nang EhieE ke bai hpc theo If thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat [5J Trong cac nghien cflu nay, dUa vao ti'nh chit linh boat Erong nhan Ehflc ciia ngudi hgc cac Eac gia da dl xult dupc cac kT nang thieE kl muc Eieu va ndi dung hpc tap phfl hdp Trong dd, muc tiSu day hgc dUdc thiet ke bao dam tinh loan ven cua bai hpc va bao quat dfl ba linh vifc: Nhiin thflc, tinh cam va nang life boat dgng EhUc tiln Cdn ndi dung hpc tap dupc thilt kl theo ciic yeu clu va logic thifc hien, phu hpp vdi cac nguyen tac cd ban cfla If ihuylt nhan thflc linh hoat De xult cua cac tac gia rit cin thilt cho viec thilt kl day hgc cfla giang vien giai doan kien tiiflc phat trien manh me nhu hien Tuy nhien, nghien cdu tai [4,5J deu chua dl cap den viSc thiet kl day hpc bd mdn theo li thuylt nhan thflc linh boat Nam 2013, Bui Van Hdng vii Nguyin Thj Lifdng da nghien cflu thiet ke day hpc thUc hanh kT Ehuat theo li thuylt nhan thflc linh boat, Nghien cflu da dl xuat difdc quy trinh thilt kl day hoc vdi budc, bao gdm: Phan tich chuan dlu va muc tieu day hgc; module hda ndi dung va xay dUng Eien trinh hgc tap; xac djnh nhiem vu thuc hanh; lap phUdng an day hoc Hnh boat; lua chgn linh hoat hinh thflc kiem tra danh gia [6] Tuy nhien, phUdng tien day hpc, mot yeu td co tinh chat bien dd'i va anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh day hpc, vin chUa dUPc de cap din quy trinh thilt kl day hgc Dieu cd the lam giam tinh Iinh boat cac phUdng an day hpc, nhat lii day hpc Ehifc hanh kT thuat, Ngoiii ra, ket qua ve If Iuan cua nghien cflu chUa difdc van dung minh hpa vao mgt mdn hgc cu the Nhu vay, cac nghien cflu gin day da khang dinh difpc nhflng ldi ich cfla If thuyet nhan thflc linh boat day hpc Tuy nhien, vin chUa cd nhflng nghien cflu van dung If day hpc bd mdn ndi chung, day hgc thifc hanh may dien noi rieng Vi vay, nghien cflu day hgc theo If thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat va van dung vao day hoc thuc hiinh may dien la can thiet nham nang cao chit lupng va hieu qua day hgc Vdi muc dich de xuat ngi dung va quy trinh van dung li thuyet nhan thflc linh boat vao day hgc thuc hanh may dien, bai viet trinh bay ket qua nghien cflu ve li thuyet nhan thflc linh hoaE, day hpc theo li thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat, quy trinh thiet ke day hoc va kit qua danh gia thflc nghiem van dung quy Erinh Noi dung nghien ctiu 2.1 Ll thuySt nhan thiic Iinh hoat Li EhuyeE nhan thflc linh hoaE (CogniEive FlexibiliEy Theory) da difdc phat trien bdi Spiro and Jehng (1990) difa tren 11 thuylt nhan thflc va cac nghidn cflu trilt hpc ctia Wittgenstein Theo cac tac gia, nhan thflc linh hoat la kha nang cau true lai cac phin cua kiln thflc da dUdc ngudi hpc Eim kilm tfl nhilu ngudn khac nhau, bang nhieu each thflc khac mdt each hdp li, phu hdp vdi cac nhu cau hieu bill nhat dinh hoac giai quylt mgt tinh hudng cd van dl ciia chinh ban than ngUdi hgc [7] Cac nguyen tic co ban cfla li thuyet nhan thflc linh boat la [8]: - Lien he cac kien thflc can thiet vao nhiem vu hgc tap - Ndi dung day hpc nen dupc dUa tren bdi ciinh cfla kiln thflc va tranh ddn gian hda - Day hgc phai dfla tren van dl (sU pha bd clu true de xay dung Iai clu trflc mdi cua kien thflc) - Lien kit gifla cac phan cua kiln thflc da dUdc quy dinh va giai thfch rd rang Day hpe theo li ihuyet nhdn Ihdc linh hogt va van dung vdo day hgc thUc hdnh mdy dien Ban chat cua li thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat la Ii thuylt kiln tao dUdc van dung vad qua trinh hgc tap, de khac phuc nhflng khd khan viec tiep thu kiln Ehflc cd tinh chit phat trien (kien thflc chuyen sau) giai doan hgc tap phat trii'n, ngUdi hgc can phai dat.dUdc nhflng hieu bill sau sac ve eac npi dung hgc tap, cac van dl cd lien quan va van dung cac ndi dung mgt each linh hoat nhflng bdi canh khac Day chfnh la giai doan hgc tap ma ngUdi hgc gap nhieu khd khan hdn qua trinh tiep thu va chuyen hda kiln thflc kinh nghiem ban than, tfnh chit phflc tap va bat Ehudng cua ndi dung hpc tap, Lf thuylt nhan thflc linh hoat cho thay, muc dich cua cac phUOng phap hay kT thuat day hpc la nhara tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho ngUdi hpc Iam chu kien thflc d cac mflc hgc tap phflc tap hdn, tranh sU ddn giiin hudng din van dung hay chuyen hda kien thflc, ddng thdi cho phep qua tiinh hpc tap trd nen linh boat Chfnh vi vay, li EhuyeE da dUdc sfl dung trdng cac thilt kl day hpc dudi sir ho trd cua cdng nghe thdng tm va hieu qua cfla flng dung doi vdi cac ITnh vUc kiln thflc cd cau true kho va phflc tap da dugc xac nhan qua mgt so cdng trinh nghien gan day [8] Cung theo li thuyet nay, nhan thflc cua ngfldi hgc cd tinh chit linh hoat Tinh linh boat cua nhan thflc khdng chi the hien each trinh bay hay md ta tri thflc ma cdn thi hien ca nhflng hanh ddng xfl li dien tren nhflng bieu tudng va gia trj tinh thin ma ngUdi hpc da cd [4] Vi vay, day hpc theo li thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat dflpc bat dlu tfl viec xac dinh nhiem vu hgc tap cu the cho ngudi hgc Tfl dd, hoat dgng hgc cua trd va boat ddng day cua thay dUdc tien hiinh phu hdp vdi nhiem vu hgc tap va dupc the hien Ehdng qua cac ylu td cua qua trinh day hgc 2.2 Day hoc theo li thuyet nhan thiic linh hoat 2.2.1 Dac diem cua day hgc theo li thuyet nhan thii'c Iinh hoat - Nhiem vu hpc tap dUdc xac djnh cu the, bao gdm cac nhiem vu tiep thu va cung cd kien Ehflc, ren luyen va phat trien kT nang phu hdp vdi muc tieu day hpc - Npi dung hpc tap dupc cau trflc nhflng module dpc lap va dUdc cung cap linh hoat den sinh vien bang nhilu hinh thflc khac - Smh vien tilp thu va clu true kiln thflc theo kha nang nhan thflc va phUdng phap hpc tap rieng, nen de cao hinn thflc hgc tap ca nhan, 2.2.2 CSu triic cua day hoc theo li thuylt nhan thiic linh boat Tfl ngi dung va dac diem cua li thuyet nhan tiiflc linh hoat, cau trflc cfla day hgc theo If thuylt nhan thflc linh hoat dUdc minh hga nhu nhu HTnh Trong do: - Nhiem vu hpc tap: La cdng viec hpc tap ma smh vien phai thuc hien sudE qua trinh day hpc Nhiem vy hoc tap dUdc xac dinh can cfl vao muc tieu day hpc, bao gdm cac nhiem vu chi'nh sau: -I- Nhiem vu tim kilm va eung cd kiln thflc, + Nhiem vu ren luyen va phat trien kT nang + Nhiem vu ren luygn va phat trien thai dp nghi nghiep, - Hoat ddng day cua giang vien: La hoat dpng dinh hUdng, hd tid, trd giup va dgng vien sinh vien viec thifc hi6n nhiem vu hgc tap, bao gdm: + Cung d p phUdng tien va tai nguyen hoc tap, -H Kiem tia, dieu chinh va danh gia kit qua hgc tap cua sinh vien + To chflc day hgc phu hdp vdi kha nang nhan thflc va phUdng phap hgc tap rieng cfla moi sinh vien Nlnem vii hcK lap Moi trirong lioc tap | Hinh Quan he giUa cdc yiu td cdu tnic dgy hpc theo li thuyit nhdn thdc linh hogt - Hoat dgng hgc cua sinh vien: Chu dpng thuc hien nhiem vu hpc tap dUdi sif dinh hUdng va hd trd cfla giang vien, bao gdm; -H Tim kiem, kiln tao va cung cd kien thflc + Ren luyen va phat trig'n ki nang + Ren luyen va phat trien thai dp nghi nghiep - Cac ylu td cua qua trinh day hpc: La nhflng yeu td tdn tai khach quan va dupc sfl dung tUdng tac gifla giang vien vdi sinh vien, giup giang vien cd nhflng dinh hudng va hd trp phu hdp vdi tflng canhan sinh vien viec thflc hien nhiem vu hpc tap, bao gdm; + Npi dung day hpc + PhUdng tien day hgc + Phfldng phap va hinh thflc td chflc day hpc + Kiem tia danh gia Trong cac yeu td cd ban cua qua trinh day hgc, muc tieu day hpc la ylu td da dUdc xac dinh Erudc chuong Erinh mdn hpc va cung chinh la kit qua hfldng tdi cua QTHD Vi viiy, theo If thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat, nhiem vu hpc tap cua ngUdi hoc la ylu id dUdc xac dinh phu hdp vdi muc tieu day hgc Hoat dpng day cua giang vien, boat dgng hgc cfla sinh vien va cac yeu td ciia qua trinh day hpc dUdc xac dinh dUa vao nhiem vu hpc tap eiia sinh vien Khi boat dpng day hgc dien ra, viec tUdng tac gifla thiy va trd moi trfldng ldp hgc dupc thuc hien thdng qua cac yeu td cua qua trinh day hgc da dUdc giang vien xac djnh ke hoach day hpe Ngoai ra, giang viln va sinh vien cflng cd the EUdng tac trflc tiep vdi ngoai ke hoach day hpc de tao mdi trfldng hgc tap tich cue, giup sinh vien cd thai hpc tap tdt hdn 136 Dgy hoc theo li thuyit nhdn thifc linh hogt vd van dung vdo day Iwc ihilc hdnh mdy dien 2.3, 2.3.1 Day hoc thtfc hanh may dien theo li thuyet nhan thiic linh hoat Dac diem noi dung mdn thijfc hanh may dien Ngi dung mdn thUc hanh may dien bao gdm Bao dudng va sii'a chfla may dien; thi nghiem may dien tren rad hinh vat li va md hinh ao Tat ca cac bai thuc hanh deu dUpc xay dung theo quan diem tich hpp ngi dung li thuylt vdi thifc hanh, va cd nhflng dac diem sau; - Tinh thfch nghi, - Tfnh flng dung thifc tien - Tinh kl thfla va sang tao - Tinh ddc lap va he thdng NhQng dac diein cho thay, day hoc thuc hanh may dien theo II thuylt nhan thflc hnh hoat la phfl hdp va can thilt, Trong dd: - Tfnh md hinh hda; tinh thich nghi; tfnh dgc lap va he thdng cua ndi dung cho phep sinh vien cd the lUa chgn kl hoach hgc tap, hinh thflc va phUdng phap hgc tap phfl hdp vdi nhiem vu hpc tap cua hg - Tfnh flng dung thifc tien; tinh kl thfla va sang Eao eua ndi dung cho phep sinh vien co the lUa chgn tien trinh hgc Eap phu hpp vdi kha nang hgc tap cfla tflng ca nhan, 2.3.2 Npi dung van dung If thuyet nhan thu'c linh hoat vao day hoc thifc hanh may dien Tfl cau trflc cua day hoc theo li thuyet nhan thflc iinh hoat, day hpc thifc himh may dien dupc thifc hien difa tren cac yeu td cua qua trinh day hpc nhU sau: (1) Xac dinh nhiem vu hgc tap (2) Lua chpn phUdng phap day hoc vii thiet ke npi dung hoc tap linh hoat, Sinh vien lifa chpn tiSn trinh hoc tap phu hdp vdi nhu cau va dieu kien hpc Eap (3) Lap ke hoach va trien khai hoat ddng day hpc linh hoat nhU: - To chflc day hpc Eoan ldp, theo nhdm va day hpc ca nhan - Hudng dan sinh vien tim hieu li Ehuyet va luyen tap - Td chflc sinh viSn tU hgc va nghien cflu theo tien trinh hgc tap da lUa chgn, (4) Kiem tra danh gia linh boat nhu: - Kidm tra trac nghiSm kiln thflc If thuylt cua biii thuc hanh - Kiem Era quy trinh va thifc hien quy trinh thuc hanh - Kiem tra kit qua hay sdn pham cua bai thuc hanh 2.3.3 Quy trinh day hoc thuc hanh may dien theo Ii thuyet nhan thu'c Hnh hoat Tfl ndi dung van dung, quy trinh day hgc thUc hanh may dien bao gdm cac budc dUdc minh hoa nhu Hinh Trong dd: Budc I Phdn lich muc lieu day hpc Muc tieu cua mdn Ehifc hanh may dien bao gdm cac kiln thflc, kT nang va thai dp ma sinh vien cd kha nang thuc hien difpc sau hpc xong nhu sau: - Giai thich clu Eao, nguyen If va dac tfnh Iam viec cua cac loai may dien mdt chieu va may dien xoay chieu thdng dung - Kiem tra, bao dUdng, sfla chfla, cac loai may dien mdl chilu va may dien xoay chilu sfl dung cdng nghiep - van hanh, khao sat dac tinh lam viec va danh gia chit Ifldng cua cac lotii may dien mgt chieu, may dien xoay chieu thdng dung vdi md hinh thifc hanh vat If va md hinh thflc hanh ao 137 I'll n , ch muc tiCii dav hgc Xi c dinh nhiem Ml ihirc hanli i -ira chon pliiriTjig lien day luK Module hoii ngi dung va \i'iy d i m ^ irinh iir hoc ifip chon va sti tlimg phirrmg a •&.V hoc linh hn^n I ira chon va sir dimg lmh hoat kiC-m tia danh yia Hinh Quy trinh dgy hpc thUc hdnh theo li thuyet nhgn thdc linh hoat - Xac dinh dfldc flng dung cua cac loai may dien thuc te - Cd y thflc tuan Ehu quy trinh va cac quy tic an Eoan, Muc tieu day hgc da dUdc xac dinh chUdng Erinh mdn hgc dUdi hinh thflc tfch hdp gifla muc tieu If thuyet vdi muc tieu thUc hanh, Myc dich cua viec tfch hdp la giup sinh vien luyen tap kT nang van dung kiln thflc If thuylt vao thifc hanh va nhan bilt dUdc kiln thflc If thuylt thuc tl, tfl dd cung cd kien thflc va phat trien kT nang Budc Xdc dinh nhiem vu thtfc hdnh Nhiem vu hoc tap cua sinh vien bao gdm: - Khao sat kit clu may dien va thiet bi thuc hiinh, thf nghiem, - Tim hieu If thuyet cua biii thifc hanh - Luyen tap thUc hanh Eheo quy trinh tren md hinh thuc hanh ao - Luyen tap thuc hanh theo quy trinh tren md hinh vat li Do trinh tu hoc tap khac nhau, nen cflng mgt thdi diem nhiem vu thUc hanh cfla mdi sinh vien hoac mdi nhdm sinh vien cd the khac nhau, nhung deu hudng din muc tieu day hpc da dUdc xac dinh, Budc Lua chpn phuang lien dgy hpc TUdng flng vdi muc tieu day hgc difdc trinh bay d budc I, phUdng phap day hpc can thiet cho mon thuc hanh miiy dien bao gdm cac chflng loai nhu sau: - Cac loai may dien phuc vu khao sat, bao dudng va sfla chiJa - Cac md hinh may dien phuc vu van hiinh, khiio sat dac ti'nh - May ti'nh va phan mem chuyen nganh phuc vu thf nghiem ao - Dung cu vii cac phUdng tien kT Ehuat khac, Ngoai ra, de giup cho sinh vien Ehuc hien cac bai EhUc hanh dung nguyen If, quy Erinh thflc hanh va nguyen tac an toan, tai lieu hgc tap cung dudc xem la mpt loai phUdng phap day hgc quan trpng khdng the thieu ldp hgc thuc hiinh may dien Budc Module hoa noi dung vd xdy dung trinh tuhpc tap Ndi dung cfla mdn hpc thuc hanh may dien gdm cac ITnh vUc kien thflc va kT nang nhu sau: 138 Dgy hoc theo li thuxit nhdn thitc linh hogt vd van dung vdo day hoc thuc hdnh may diin - Khao sat kit clu, bao dudng kiem tra va sfla chfla may dien, - Van hanh, khao sat vii xSy dung dac tinh liim viec: kiem tra vii danh gia chit lifdng cua may dien thdng dung nhu: May biln ap, miiy dien mgt chieu, may dien xoay chilu Theo li thuylt nhan thflc linh hoat, ngi dung hgc tap dUdc cau true lai tren ed sd tfch hdp hinh thflc thuc hanh tren md hinh vat li vdi thUc hanh tren md hinh ao Ddng thdi, sinh vien cd the lUa chpn tien trinh hgc tap ngiu nhien, phu hdp vdi nhu clu va dieu kien cua ldp hgc Budc Lifa chon vd sd dung phuang dn dgy hoc linh hogt Can cfl vao muc tieu day hgc, dilu kien day hgc cfla ldp hpc, giang vien dl nhilu phifdng an day hgc khac kl hoach day hpc, Efl dd sfl dung phUdng an EUdng flng vdi hoat ddng cua giang vien va boat dong cfla sinh vien sudt qua trinh day hgc Trong dd: - Hoat dgng cua giang vien, bao gdm: Tao dgng cd hgc tap cho sinh vien; Djnh hudng, hd trd va giflp dd sinh vien Erong qua trinh hgc tap thdng qua cac hinh thflc khac nhau; To chflc cac hoat dpng hpc tap thifc hanh cho sinh vien - Hoat dpng cua sinh vien, bao gdm: Lua chgn npi dung, phUdng phap va hinh thflc hoc tap phfl hpp; ThUc hien nhiem vu hpc tap theo ngi dung da lifa chgn; Bao cao kit qua hpc tap cho giang vien Linh hoat cac phUdng an day hpc theo nhu cau hgc tap cfla sinh vien dugc lua chon Erong kl hoach day hpc cua giang vien thdng qua viec tich hdp cac phUdng phap vii hinh thflc day hpc khac Budc Lua chpn vd sd dung lmh Imgt hinh thdc kidm ira ddnh gid Dua vao muc tieu day hoc, giang vien xiic dinh cac hinh thflc kiem tra va xay dung cdng cu danh gia phu hdp nhu; Kiem tra trac nghiem, kiem tra vin dap, kiem tra thifc hien quy trinh, kiem tra ket qua hoac san pha'm thuc hanh Sinh vien lUa chgn hinh thflc kiem tra danh gia phu hpp vdi tien Erinh hpc tap va nhiem vu thuc hanh cua minh de danh gia mflc dat difpc muc tieu day hgc 2.4 Ket qua thtfc nghiem Tien hanh thifc nghiem cd ddi chflng tren 41 sinh vien cua ldp Ehifc nghiem va42 sinh vien cua ldp ddi chflng TaE ca deu la sinh vien khoa Dien - Dien tfl, tnJdng Dai hgc SU pham Ky thuat Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh Sinh vien ldp thUc nghiem va ddi chflng deu hpc ciJng ldp, cung dilu kien hgc tap va cung mdt giang vien hudng dan, Ngi dung thuc nghiem la bai "Thuc hanh Ddng cddien mgt chieu kfch tfl dgc lap" [9; 121], vdi muc tieu va nhiem vu hgc tap nhu sau: (I) Miic deu dgy hpc: Gdm cac muc tieu phin nhu trinh bay d Bang Muc tieu day hoc Muc tieu Muctieu2 Muc tieu Bdng Mo td muc tieu dgy hpc cdn ddnh gid Mo ta Trinh bay dUdc ,sd dd nguyen li vii cac dac tinh lam viec cua dgng cd dien mSt chilu kich tfl dgc lap Khao sat vii xay dung dUOc cac dac tfnh u ^ f(Iki), u ^ f(lM) va ti ^ i(Iu) Thuc hien dung quy trinh va nguyen tac an toan Bui Van Hong (2) Nhiem vti hpc top: - Tim hieu kiln thflc If thuylt cfla bai thifc hiinh: Sd dd rtguyen If van himh dpng cd dien mdE chieu; dac tfnh lam viec cua dpng cd dien moE chieu kich tfl dpc lap; phUdng phap thay doi tdc dd cua dgng cd mgt chilu kich tfl dgc lap - Thuc hanh theo quy trinh: Quy trinh thuc hiinh tren md hinh vat If; quy trinh thflc hiinh tren mo hinh ao Kit qua hpc tap cua sinh vien dUdc danh giii theo mflc dd dat dUdc cac muc tieu day hoc nhu Bang I, Can cfl vao diem sd tich luy dfldc cua cac ldp bSng phUdng phap phan tfch djnh tinh de so sanh kit qua hoc tap cfla hai Idp Trung binh danh gia tinh theo ti le phin tram gifla diem sd ciia Idp thuc nghiem vii ddi chflng dUdc minh hpa nhU d Hinh ,^itmm f^- Hinh Do thi 10 sdnh miic dp dgt muc tieu dgy hpc Nhan xet: Theo ket qua trung binh danh giad Hinh 3, mflc dp dat dUdc cac muc tieu day hpc cua ldp thuc nghiem ddu cao hdn so vdi Idp ddi chflng Ket qua cho thay, day hpc thuc hiinh may dien theo li thuyet nhan Ehflc linh hoaE dii dem lai hieu qua cao day hpc, Trong dd: - Nhiem vu hpc tap dudc xac djnh cu the, giflp sinh vien Ifla chgn tien vii ndi dung hgc tap phfl hdp, nen hp chfl dgng va tich cUc hdn hgc tap - Linh boat hinh thflc cung d p ndi dung hgc tap, hinh thflc va phUPng phap day hpc giflp sinh vien phat huy dupc nang lUc tu hpc, tu nghien cflu, nen ket qua hpc tap dat dfldc tdt hdn, Ket luan Dac diem nhan thflc cua sinh vien cd tinh chat Iinh boat, nen viec xac dinh nhiem vu hpc tap cu the giup mdi sinh vien chu ddng lifa chgn tiln trinh hgc tap, hinh thflc tim hieu ngi dung hpc tap va quy trinh luyen tap thuc hanh phfl hdp vdi nhu cau hpc tap cua ban than Qua dd, giflp hg phat huy dUdc nang life tu hpc, tu nghien cflu; nang luc tu va kha nang giai quyet van de mdt each sang tao, Quy trinh day hgc dupc xay dUng dua tren cac td cau true cua day hpc theo li thuylt nhan thi'fc linh boat va dac diem cua mdn thifc hanh may dien cd the lam cd sd cho van dung trien khai vao thuc tl day hgc thuc hanh ndi chung va thflc hanh may dien ndi rieng, Quy trinh cung da dUdc van dung minh hpa cy the vao biii Ehifc hiinh Dpng cd dien mdt chieu kfch tfl dgc Dgy hoc theo liihityii nhdn Ihifc linh hogt vd vim dung vdo clay hcic thuc hdnh mdy diin lap Qua dd cho thiy, quy Erinh dupc xay dung rd rang, dl van dung va phu hop vdi thuc te day hoc hien Ket qua danh gia thifc nghiem budc dau cho Ehly, day hpc theo li thuyet nhiin thflc linh boat vii van dung vao td chflc day hpc thUc hanh may dien da dap flng dupe nhu cau hoc tap cua sinh vien, qua phat huy difdc tinh dgc lap, chfl dgng va tfch cifc cua ho hpc tap, tfl nang cao dUdc chit lupng vii hieu qua day hpc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] John Bottomley and Jocelyn Calvert, 2005 Evaluation ofthe Impact of Flexible Teaching And Learning on Academic Staff al the University of Tasmania Final Report [2] The University Of Queensland (2002), Academic guidelines for flexible leai-ning at the University of Queensland, www.uq,edu.au [3] Natalie Brown, 2006, Planning for Flexible Approaches in Tertiary Courses Australian Association for Research in Education, [4] Bui Van Quan, 2005 Thiit ki noi dung Ime tap theo li thuyit nhgn link- lmh hogt Tap chf Khoa hpc giao due, sd 1, tr, 29-33, [5] LeThj Quynh Trang, 2009 Mpi so ki ndng thiit ki bdi dgy theo ti thuyit nhdn thilc linh hogt Tap chf Khoa hgc - Cong nghe, sd 51(3), ti 113-118 [6j Bui Van Hong, Nguyin Thj LUdng 2013 Thiit ki dgy hoc Thifc hdnh ki thual theo Ii thuyit nhdn thdc linh hogt tgi trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm ki thugt Tap chf Giao due, sd 307 tr 42-44 [7] Rand J, Spiro, 2007 Cognitive Flexibility, ConstruefivLsin, and Hypertext http://phoenix.sce.fct.unI,pt/simposio/Rand_Spiro.htm [8] Ana Amelia Carvalho, Antonio Moreira, 2005 Criss-ero.ssing Cognitive Fle.xibililv Theory based research in Portugal: an overview Interactive Educaticmal Multimedia Number 11 (October 2005) pp 1-26 [9J Bui Van Hong (Chu bien), 2013 Gido trinh thue hdnh mdy dien Nxb Dai hgc Qudc giaTp, Hd Chf Minh ABSTRACT Applying the flexibility theory when teaching electrical machine operation skills A cognitive characteristic of students is flexibility, thus, in teaching, the learning tasks of students are defined with reference to teaching goals while other elements of the teaching process are designed in the direction of flexibitity From learning tasks, students can choose learning activities in accordance with their learning needs to achieve the highest learning outcomes ... CSu triic cua day hoc theo li thuylt nhan thiic linh boat Tfl ngi dung va dac diem cua li thuyet nhan tiiflc linh hoat, cau trflc cfla day hgc theo If thuylt nhan thflc linh hoat dUdc minh hga... li thuyet nhan thflc linh boat vao day hgc thuc hanh may dien, bai viet trinh bay ket qua nghien cflu ve li thuyet nhan thflc linh hoaE, day hpc theo li thuyet nhan thflc linh hoat, quy trinh... kl day hpc bd mdn theo li thuylt nhan thflc linh boat Nam 2013, Bui Van Hdng vii Nguyin Thj Lifdng da nghien cflu thiet ke day hpc thUc hanh kT Ehuat theo li thuylt nhan thflc linh boat, Nghien