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o l "> f CIIU — Khoa hoe Gido due VE DOI MOri QUAN Ll GIAO DUG MAM NON TRONG BOI CANH HIEN NAY • TS TRAN TH! NGOC TRAM Vien Khoa hqc Giao due Viet Nam 1 Dat van de LQa tudi mam non (MN) cd vj tri rat[.]
ol "> f CIIU — Khoa hoe Gido due VE DOI MOri QUAN Ll GIAO DUG MAM NON TRONG BOI CANH HIEN NAY • TS TRAN TH! NGOC TRAM Vien Khoa hqc Giao due Viet Nam Dat van de LQa tudi mam non (MN) cd vj tri rat quan trpng ca qua trinh phat trie'n cudc ddi eua mdi eon ngodi Giao due (GD) MN la cap hpe dau tien cua he thdng GD qudc dan, dat nen mdng ban dau cho sy phat trie'n ve the chat, tri tue, tinh cam, tham mTcua tre em Viet Nam Viee eham lo phat trien GD MN la trach nhiem chung eua cac cap chinh quyen, cua mdi nganh, mdi gia dinh va toan xa hdi dodi sy lanh dao cua Oang va sy quan li eua Nha node Vdi tre IQa tudi MN, trodng Idp MN ehinh la mdi trodng xa hpi thO hai sau gia dinh, giup tre hinh kha nang thich Qng vdi mdi trodng xa hpi rdng Idn sau Vdi mue tieu giup tre em phat trien ve the chat, tinh cam, tri tue, tha'm mT, GDMN tao sy khdi dau cho sy phat trien toan dien cua tre, dat nen tang cho viee hpe tap d eae cap hpe tiep theo va cho viec hpe tap sudt ddi oac biet, GDMN neu dope phat trien d vung dan tde thieu sd se tao dieu kien eho tre sdm tiep can vdi tieng Viet, chua'n bj tdt tam the vao hpe Idp mdt GDMN la van de ed tam chien lopc lau dai, anh hodng Idn den sy phat trien GD phd thdng va eae the he toong lai cua dat node Nhd sy quan tam eua Oang va Nha node ddi vdi GDMN, dae biet tO sau Quye't djnh 161/2002/QO-TTg eua Thu tOdng Chinh phu Ve mdt sd ehinh sach phat trien GDMN va Quye't djnh sd 149/2006/QO-TTg eua Thu tOdng Chinh phu phe duyet Oe an 'Phat trie'n GDMN giai doan 20062015", GDMN da ed bode phat trien tren ea ba phOPng dien quy md, chat iQpng va cdng b i n g xa hdi Tuy nhien, viec thyc hien cae ehu troong chinh sach eua Oang va Nha node ve phat trien GDMN edn nhieu bat cap; sy phdi hpp giQa eae bp, nganh viee thyc hien cac nhiem vu phat trie'n GDMN edn ehOa ddng bp, chat che va thodng xuyen, edn chenh lech dang ke ve phat trien GDMN giQa cac vung mien ca node, dac biet cdng tae quan li GDMN nen kinh te thi trodng dmh hodng xa hdi ehu nghTa KHGD sd 45, thdng - 2009 edn bat cap quy hoach mang lodi va eae ehinh saeh phat trien, cac dieu kien dam bao chat lopng dd cae yeu cau ve ngudn lye de thye hien eae muc tieu Ou tien phat trien GDMN edn nhieu ban ehe Oe tao sy chuyen bien manh me va phat trien toan dien eua GDMN, dap yng yeu eau eau cang cao eua sy nghiep dd'i mdi GD bdi eanh node ta bode vao giai doan da'y manh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hdi nhap qude te ddi hdi phai cd nhQng ddi mdi quan li GDMN Mot so' dinh hodng thiet ke mo hinh quan li GD giai doan tdi GD tre em trOde tudi den trodng phai la mdt mue tieu Idn ehien looe GD Day la mdt nhong to todng chu yeu eua Chien lope Phat trien GD eua UNESCO va eua Oang, Nha node Viet Nam Quan li GDMN phai ehu y ea ba mue dieh: edng b i n g , thieh hpp va chat lOpng; phai cd each tie'p can phat trien GDMN thich hpp vdi tOng vung Giai quyet van de ve quan li GDMN thdi gian tdi vOa phai phu hpp vdi ed ehe thj trodng djnh hodng xa hdi ehu nghTa d node ta, vQa phai phu hpp vdi xu hodng phat trien GDMN cua khu vyc va the gidi tren cd sd nhan thdc dung vj tri cung nho tam quan trpng eua GDMN viec hinh nhan each cGng nho tao sy khdi dau eho sy phat trien toan dien, xay dyng nen tang bpc van eua mdi eon ngodi tOPng lai Trong bdi canh hdi nhap qude te va xu the phat trien GD ndi ehung, thiet ke md hinh quan li GD giai doan tdi can quan triet cae quan die'm sau day: 2.1 Dam bao quyen tre em Sy phat trie'n nhong nam dau ddi quyet djnh toong lai eua ea cupc ddi NhQng nam dau ddi la giai doan phat trien quan nhat eua ddi ngodi, dae biet la giai doan tO den tudi la giai doan bd nao phat trien va hoan thien Day eung la thdi ki ehju anh hodng nhieu nhat tO tinh trang dinh dOdng, sOc khoe va ed tae ddng 29 Khoa hoc Gido dueIdn nha't den kha nang nhan thQc, hpe tap, tinh each va cae kT nang xa hdi Nha node Viet Nam xae djnh tre MN la nhdm tre dac biet quan trpng, la nen tang ehien iQpc phat trien ngOdi Tao mpi dieu kien de huy dpng tdi da cho tat ea tre em tO 0-6 tudi deu dope tiep can vdi djeh vu GDMN cd chat iQpng Cung cap cac djch vu eham sde va GD cd chat loong cho tre MN la nhiem vu cap thiet de thOc hien cae quyen CP ban cija tre em, dam bao cdng bang xa hdi, nang eao chat iQpng dan sd, ngudn nhan lyc toong lai cua da't node 2.2 Dam bao cong bang xa hqi GD Cdng b i n g xa hpi GD lien quan den viec tao cac co hdi ve GD ngang giQa mpi ngodi Dd la sy binh d i n g de duqc tie'p can, tham gia vao qua trinh GD va binh d i n g tham gia vao qua trinh dd Sy tham gia va tiep can vdi GD lien quan tdi nhOng cd hpi ngang viec tre em dope den trodng, ed du dieu kien hoc tap Sy binh d i n g tham gia vao qua trinh GD lien quan tdi viec tao cae cd hdi ngang eho mpi tre em va lien quan den viec ddi xQ binh d i n g vdi mpi tre em tham gia vao eae cO sd GDMN khae cho du edng lap hay ngoai edng lap Dieu eung ed nghTa la neu tre em d cac vung mien, dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi, dja li khac thi eae em phai cd nhong choong trinh GD phu hpp bao gdm ea hinh thQc, ndi dung va phoong phap GD Viec cung cap cac chopng trinh GD phu hpp vdi cac ddi topng tre em cung dope hie'u la la sy dd'i xQ binh d i n g va edng bang GD ddi vdi hpe sinh GDMN la mdt nhOng mue tieu quan trpng cua GD eho mpi ngodi, dam bao sy edng b i n g hodng thu djeh vu GDMN cho mpi tre em Md rdng quy md, mang lodi cac co sd GDMN tren mpi dja ban dan cO va nang eao chat lopng nudi dOdng, cham sdc, GD tre cae CO sd, GDMN dap Qng nhu cau gOi cua cac bae phu huynh, khie phue co ban sy chenh lech ve phat trie'n GDMN giOa cac vung mien Uu tien huy ddng tre mau giao tudi, thye hien phd cap GD mdt nam cho tre tudi de chua'n bj tdt cho tre vao hpe Idp mdt Mue tieu den nam 2020, 99% tre tudi dope hpe mpt nam mau giao chua'n bj vao Idp mdt (Ngudn: Du thao Chien luac phat trien GD 2009-2020 lan thU 13) 2.3 Phan cap quan li GDMN Thye hien triet de phan cap quan li GD theo 30 Ngli fes tinh than Nghj dinh Chinh phu sd 161/2004/NOCP 16 thang nam 2004 quy djnh trach nhiem quan li nha node ve GD, trao quyen ty chCi nhieu hdn cho cac cd sd GDMN va co quan quan li cap dja phoong Quyet djnh sd 149/2006/QOTTg cua Thu todng Chinh phu phe duyet De an 'Phat trien GDMN giai doan 2006-2015"cung da ehi traeh nhiem eua cac bd, nganh - Bd GD&DT thyc hien chQc nang quan li nha node ve GD theo chQc nang, nhiem vu dope giao tap trung lam tdt nhiem vu: Xay dyng chie'n lope, quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien; GDMN xay dyng CO che chinh sach, quy che boat ddng va quy ehe quan li chat lopng GDMN; td chQc kiem tra, tra, kiem dinh chat lopng GDMN - Tang COdng cO che phdi hop quan li dd cac bp, co quan ngang bp cd trach nhiem phdi hpp vdi Bp GD&OT thyc hien quan li nha node ve GDMN theo tham quyen - Uy ban nhan dan cac cap cd traeh nhiem trye tiep viee xay dong va phat trie'n GDMN tai dja phoong, bao dam cac dieu kien ve dpi ngu giao vien, tai chinh, co sd vat chat, thiet bj dd ehdi eua cae trodng cdng lap thude pham vi quan li; xay dyng quy hoach va tao dieu kien phat trien CP sd GDMN ngoai cdng lap dap Qng yeu eau md rdng quy md, nang cao chat lopng va thye hien edng b i n g GD tai dja phOdng 2.4 Xa hqi hoa GDMN Xa hdi hda GD la mdt xu hodng phat trie'n hien d cac node phat trien va dang phat trie'n Ban chat cua xa hpi hda GD la sy tham gia eua xa hdi vao GD tren ca hai mat tie'p nhan GD va ddng gdp vao sy phat trien GD Xa hpi hda GD ehinh la edng eu de tang co hpi tiep can vdi GD ebo mpi ngodi, ddng gdp them vdi ngan saeh nha node de dau to manh GD va thuc day tien trinh tien tdi mpt xa hpi bpc tap Quan niem xa hdi hda GD dope hie'u rat da dang d nhieu qude gia khac Ngoai eae ndi dung nho huy dpng sy tham gia eua cdng ddng vao GD ed sy quan li cua Nha node, edn lien quan den nhieu yeu td khac nho edng bing xa hdi GD, binh d i n g danh gia va tie'p nhan GD, ed cd hdi dope hpe tap sudt ddi, dope lya chpn CP hpi hoc tap Sy tham gia eua cdng ddng vao GD dooc hie'u la tao co hdi cho mpi ngodi ed quyen dooc hoc tap, dope tiep can vdi GD de phat trien tri thQc ea nhan nhong mat khae ho phai ed nghTa vu va trach nhiem ddi vdi GD cung nho so nghiep phat trien GD cua dat node KHGD sd 45, thdng - 2009 gl lien ctru van kien Hdi nghi lan thQ to Ban Chap hanh Trung oong Oang Cdng san Viet Nam (khda VIII) da ehi rd: Xa hdi hda cdng tae GD la "huy ddng toan xa hpi lam GD, dpng vien eae tang Idp nhan dan gdp sQc xay dyng nen GD qudc dan dodi sy quan li eua Nha node" GDMN can dope sy quan tam va dau to thich dang cua Nha node Trong dd, Ou tien dau to eho cac vung khd khan d mien nui, bien gidi, hai dao, vung sau, vung xa; Tiep tue da'y manh ehu trOdng xa hdi hda GDMN Huy ddng toan xa hdi eung cham lo cho cdng tae cham sde GD tre, huy dpng sy ddng gdp ngudn lye eua gia dinh va cdng ddng xa hdi Phat trie'n da dang hda eae loai hinh GDMN: cdng lap, dan lap va to thuc - Thyc hien triet de cdng tac xa hdi hda theo tinh than Nghj quyet sd 05/2005/NQ-CP 18 thang nam 2005 ve Da'y manh xa hdi hda eae boat ddng GD, y te, van hda va the due the thao - Bo sung va hoan thien cac van ban quy pham phap luat, cae chinh saeh Ou dai n h i m khuyen khieh manh me cae td chQc xa hdi, td chQe kinh te, ca nhan va ngoai node dau to eho GDMN Doi mdi quan li GDMN 3.1 Quan li nha nudc ve GDMN - Nha node cd trach nhiem quan li, dau to phat trie'n GDMN Quan li nha node khdng ehi bao gdm Chinh phu ma ca he thdng phap luat, eae van ban phap quy va tda an Quan li nha node ve GDMN phai dap Qng eae xu hodng mdi eua xa hdi - mdi quan he giQa he thdng GDMN va nha node, the hien dope: * Vai trd va trach nhiem cua Nha node; * Sy uy thac mpt phan quyen lye Nha node cho trung oong hoac dja phoong; - Quan li nha node ve GDMN phai dam bao; •^ Nam giO djnh hodng GD vi Ipi ich qudc gia + Xac djnh Ou tien va eae bien phap phu hpp de dam bao edng thyc hien chien lope phat trie'n GDMN cua qude gia + Oieu tiet, phan bd GD hpp li + Dua eae bien phap, eae nguyen t i c de dam bao mpt san chPi binh d i n g cho eae nha sang lap CP sd GDMN -I- Sy bai hda can cd giQa GD d eae eP sd GDMN edng lap va ngoai cdng lap + Nhin nhan, danh gia dung ve he thdng trodng ngoai edng lap vdi cae nhan td tich eye eP ehe thj trodng •»• Cd CP ehe, ehinh sach thich hpp vdi eae loai hinh trQdng, dac biet la loai hinh trodng cdng KHGD sd 45, thdng - 2009 • Khoa hoe Gido due lap ty chu tai chinh mdi xuat hien - Bd GD&OT thoe hien chOc nang quan li nha node ve GD theo chQe nang, nhiem vu dope giao, tap trung lam tdt nhiem vu; -I- Xay dyng ehien lope, quy hoaeh, ke hoaeh phat trie'n GDMN + Quan li ehOPng trinh va tai lieu (khdng ap dat chOdng trinh eu the - ehOdng trinh qudc gia mang tinh chat chopng trinh khung, bao gdm nhong npi dung cd't Idi lam co sd eho viec loa chpn nhong npi dung GD phu hpp vdi kinh nghiem sd'ng va kha nang eua tre d tOng dja phOdng ChoPng trinh ed tinh linh boat, mem deo, dap Qng cac nhu cau cham sde, GD tre eae loai hinh eP sd GDMN, thieh hpp vdi eae dja phoong, vung mien) -I- Xay dyng cd ehe ehinh saeh, quy ehe boat ddng va quy che quan li chat lopng GDMN -I- To chOc kiem tra, tra, kiem djnh chat IQpng GDMN - Tang eodng eP ehe phdi hpp quan li dd cae bd, eo quan ngang bd (Bd Y te, Bd Lao ddng, Thoong binh Xa hdi, Bd Ndi vu, Bd Tai chinh, Bp Ke hoaeh - Dau to ed trach nhiem phdi hpp vdi Bd GD&OT thyc hien quan li nha node ve GDMN theo tha'm quyen - Xay dong va thye hien eo ehe phdi hpp, g i n ket chat che giQa nha trodng, gia dinh va xa hdi viee cham sdc GD tre MN - Cd ehien lope truyen thdng nang eao hieu qua edng tae tuyen truyen, phd bien kien thQc cham sde GD tre eho eae bae phu huynh, eha me eua tre 3.2 Mang ludi, loai hmh casd GDMN - Quy hoaeh ve quy md phat trien, ep eau loai hinh GDMN phu hop vdi tOng vung, theo dieu kien kinh te xa hpi, dd chu trpng cae vung odng b i n g Sdng CQu Long, vung Nam Trung Bd, Tay Nguyen, Tay Bie Xay dOng quy hoaeh phat trien mang lodi eo sd GDMN tren eae dia ban, dap Qng nhu eau va phu hpp vdi dieu kien cua tOng dja phoong - Co sd GDMN bao gdm eae loai: edng lap, edng lap ty ehu tai ehinh, dan lap va to thuc + Loai hinh cdng lap van chu yeu dope lap d nhOng vung ed dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi dac biet khd khan, vung nui, vung sau, vung xa, hai dao, bien gidi •I- Thyc hien viec ehuyen cac co sd GDMN ban edng sang loai hinh dan lap, to thue hoae edng lap ty ehu tai ehinh -f Cd chinh saeh Ou tien phat trie'n cae loai 31 Khoa hoc Gido duehinh cham sde GD tre IQa tudi nha tre (bao gdm ca GD tre d gia dinh) + Cd chfnh sach ou tien phat trien cac cd sd GDMN to thuc 3.3 Dau tu tai chinh, ca sd vat chat cho GDMN - Nha nudc Chinh sach dau to cho GD la mdt nhong the hien sinh ddng cu the viec thyc hien chie'n lopc GD qudc gia Hien nay, tl le ngan sach Nha node dau to cho GDMN cdn rat khiem tdn Cd the ndi "GDMN duqc dau to it nha't, GDMN cd mQc ddng gdp cua ngOdi hpe eao nha't cac bae hpe Theo tinh toan eua Bp GD & OT, tl le chi cua Nha node cho GDMN hien dat 39%, gia dinh hpe sinh phai chi tra % Trong d GD phd thdng va GD nghe nghiep, tl le chi cua nha node chiem 87%, ngodi hoc ddng gdp 13% Odi vdi GD dai hoc, tl le chi cua Nha node ehiem 63,3% tdng chi phi dao tao, ngodi hpe chi 36,7% GDMN d Viet Nam dang dope Nha node chi tha'p hPn so vdi binh quan cua nhdm node mdi phat trie'n (Nha node chi 66%) va cac node phat trie'n (Nha node ehi 80%) (Ngudn; Bao Tudi tre sd 119/2009 (5802), thQ nam 7/5/2009) Vi vay; -I- GDMN tiep tuc can dope sy quan tam va dau to thich dang cua Nha node Nha node Ou tien dau to kinh phi xay dyng cac cd sd GDMN cdng lap tai cac vung cd dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi dae biet khd khan, vung nui, vung sau, vung xa, hai dao, bien gidi; dau to cd sd vat chat, trang thiet bj, dd chdi bao dam tien dp trien khai thye hien chOPng trinh GDMN mdi -I- Cai tien viec phan bd ngan saeh Nha node chi cho GDMN theo hodng tinh djnh mQc theo sd tre em dp tudi MN tren dja ban -I- Oau to ngan sach Nha node hd trp theo dau tre (sd tre em co sd GDMN khdng phan biet trQdng cdng lap hay ngoai cdng lap, quy md trodng Idp) -I- Cung cap hpe lieu mien phi hoac gia tha'p cho cac CO sd cham sdc GD tre IQa tudi nha tre va eae co sd GDMN d vung dan tde it ngOdi, xa xdi, nhQng noi cd dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi dae biet khd khan -I- Tang eodng dau to cd sd vat chat, trang thiet bj, dd choi de dam bao tien dp va chat lopng viec trien khai thyc hien chOdng trinh GDMN mdi - Xa hdi va cha me: "' '"•'•' Tie'p tuc day manh chu trQdng xa hdi hda 32 GDMN Thye hien triet de cdng tac xa hdi hda theo tinh than Nghj quye't sd 05/2005/NQ-CP 18 thang nam 2005 ve day manh xa hdi hda cac boat ddng GD, y te, van hda va the due the thao Huy ddng va tao dieu kien de toan xa hpi cung cham lo va tham gia phat trien GDMN, huy dpng sy ddng gdp cua gia dinh va cdng ddng xa hdi Bo sung va hoan thien nhong van ban quy pham phap luat, cac chinh sach Qu dai n h i m khuyen khi'ch manh me cac td chQc xa hdi, cae td chQc xa hdi nghe nghiep, td chQc kinh te, ca nhan va ngoai node dau to cho GDMN 3.4 Dao tao bdi dudng giao vien, can bq quan li - Xay dOng ke hoach dao tao, bdi dodng dpi ngu giao vien, can bd quan li GDMN theo tQng giai doan d moi dja phoong va ca node - Cung CO, quy hoach lai mang lodi cac trodng so pham MN theo nang lyc dao tao, phu hop vdi quy hoach mang lodi chung - Xay dyng cac chuan dao tao ddi vdi can bp quan li, the che hda van bang chQng chi dao tao bdi dodng can bp quan li GDMN - Xay dyng choong trinh, ndi dung dao tao, bdi dodng can bp quan If theo hodng dat chuan va cap nhat - Tang eodng cac khda, Idp dao tao bdi dodng ngan ban, tao dieu kien cho nbOng ngOdi tham gia boat ddng djch vu cham sdc GD tre IQa tudi MN dope nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu theo nhu cau cua ban than va dap Qng ddi hdi cua boat ddng cham sdc GD tre 3.5 Chinh sach dai ngq ddi vdi giao vien va can bq quan li GDMN - odi mdi mQc loong cho giao vien MN dCi dam bao sy khuyen khich va yen tam vdi nghe Nhieu nba nghien cQu va quan li GD node va qudc te deu da thOa nhan mQc loong giao vien ndi chung, giao vien MN ndi rieng hien tai eua Viet Nam chOa du sQc hap dan va khuyen khich giao vien - Cd chinh sach vdi giao vien Idn tudi khdng thich hpp vdi viec dQng ldp, khdng dam bao yeu eau, chat lupng edng tac dang dam nhiem - Phdi hpp cac bd, nganh tiep tuc xay dyng va hoan thien djnh mQc lao ddng, che dd lam viee cua giao vien MN va can bd quan li GDMN - Bo sung cac chinh sach Qu dai dd'i vdi giao vien MN va can bp quan li GDMN d cac vung cd dieu kien kinh te xa hpi dac biet khd khan va b cae trodng MN danh eho tre em khuyet tat KHGD so , thdng - 2009 g liei cuu 3.6 Nghia vu va trach nhiem ciia cha me va xa hqi Viee phan bd lai ngan sach nha node cho GD CO ban van du va can phai ed them cac ngudn tai trp khac, dac biet la viee phan bd lai ngan sach Nha node cho GDMN cdn rat khiem tdn Do dd, can; + Tang ddng gdp eua hp gia dinh nham bu ehi phi eua GDMN theo each: phat trien he thdng GD to thuc va tang thu hoc phi d cac trodng edng lap Tuy nhien, thu hpe phi va tang mQc hoc phi cua trodng cdng cung nho phat trie'n eae trOdng to se gay nen nhOng van de khd khan lien quan den viec dam bao edng b i n g , tie'p can GD va thue Oae biet, neu tat ea hpe sinh d trQdng cdng deu phai ddng mdt sd hpe phi nao dd thi nhong ngodi ngheo se phai ehju ganh nang nhat Vi vay, chi ngan saeh Nha node eho GDMN phai tie'p tuc tang, tang tl trpng chi eho GDMN tdng chi ngan sach nha node + Cd chinh sach day manh va nang eao hieu qua hpp tac qudc te, huy dpng cac ngudn dau to, tai trp, sang kien va eae giai phap tO eae td ChQc qude te UNICEF, UNESCO, WB, ADB, cac td chQc phi chinh phu va ngoai node vao viec phat trien mang lodi va nang eao chat lopng cae eo sd GDMN 3.7 Ddnh gia, kiem dinh - Xay dOng ndi dung va cdng cu kiem djnh eha't lopng GDMN - Xay dong he thdng kiem djnh chat iQpng GDMN - Xay dyng co che chinh sach, quy che boat dpng quan li chat iQpng GDMN - To chQe kiem tra, tra, kiem dinh chat lopng GDMN Tdm lai, cham sdc va phat trien tre MN la mpt nhong quyen eO ban cua tre da duqc quy djnh Cdng Ode ve Quyen tre em cua Lien hiep qude, bao gdm tat ca nhOng sy hd trp can thiet cho mpi tre em dope thyc hien quyen duqc sdng, dope bao ve va cham sde, dam bao eho tre dope phat trie'n tdt nha't tQ bao thai den sinh va den tudi di bpc Viet Nam la node dau tien eua chau A va la node thQ hai tren the gidi ki Cdng ode Quyen tre em (CRC) nam 1990 vdi nhQng cam ket Qu tien dae biet cho tre em Trong qua trinb phat trien nen GD node nha Dang va Nha node ta ludn quan tam den phat then GDMN, coi GDMN nhO la mpt bp phan quan trpng gdp phan dn dinh va nang eao nang suat lao ddng, san xua't eua eai vat chat, xay KHGD sd 45, thdng - 2009 • Khoa hoe Gido due dyng va bao ve To qude GDMN dope xae dinh la van de ed tam chien lope lau dai, anh hodng to Idn den sy phat trien GD phd thdng va cac the he toong lai eua da't node Cae quan diem phat trien GDMN dope the hien qua hang loat van ban ve dodng Idi chinh sach eua Oang va Nha node Tuy nhien, viec thOe hien eae chu trOdng ehinh sach eua Dang va Nha node ve phat trie'n GDMN edn nhieu bat cap, dae biet la edng tac quan li GDMN nen kinh te thj trodng djnh hodng xa hdi chu nghTa Oe phat trie'n GDMN thdi gian bdi eanh phat trien kinh te thj trodng djnh hodng xa hdi ehu nghTa va hpi nhap qude te ddi hdi phai ddi mdi quan li GDMN, tao bd khung hay eo eau GD linh boat, thich Qng eao vdi ngodi hpe va cac vung lanh thd khac node; ed nhong bien phap dan ehu hda, phan cap quan li, GD trao quyen ty ehu nhieu ban cho eae co sd GDMN va eo quan quan li cap dja phopng, thye hien nhQng each tiep can mdi quan li va danh gia GD; huy ddng cae ngudn lye cua toan xa hdi, sang kien va cae giai phap tO cac ea nhan, td chQc xa hdi, cac td chQc qude te, cac td chQc phi ehinh phu vao viec phat trien mang lodi GDMN va nang cao chat lopng GDMN *- TAI Lieu THAM KHAO ' ' ! Bo GD&DT, Tim hieu Luat GD, NXB Giao due, 2005 Bo GD&DT, De an Phat trien GDMN giai doan 20062015 Bo GD&OT, Du thao Chien luac phat trien GD 20092020 lan thir 13 GD the gidi di vao the ki XXI (Chu bien: GS.VS Pfiam Minin Hac-PGS.TS Tran Kieu-PGS.TS Dang Ba LamPGS.TS Nghiem Dinh Vy), NXB Chinh tn Qudc gia Ha Noi, 2002 Quyet dmh so 161/2002/QD-TTg 15/11/2002 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii ve mot so ehinh sach phat then GDMN Quyet dmh so 149/2006/QD-TTg 23/6/2006 ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu phe duyet de an "Phat trien GDMN giai doan 2006-2015" " •" • SUMMARY This article discusses some orientations for designing the preschool education management model in the coming period with given viewpoints: 1/ensuring children rights 2/ ensuring social equity 3/ decentralizing management of preschool education, 4/ socializing preschools innovation of preschool education shall focus on: public administration, management of network, ownerships, financing and physical basis for preschool education S3 ...Khoa hoc Gido dueIdn nha''t den kha nang nhan thQc, hpe tap, tinh each va cae kT nang xa hdi Nha node Viet Nam xae djnh tre MN la nhdm tre dac biet quan trpng, la nen... tre mau giao tudi, thye hien phd cap GD mdt nam cho tre tudi de chua''n bj tdt cho tre vao hpe Idp mdt Mue tieu den nam 2020, 99% tre tudi dope hpe mpt nam mau giao chua''n bj vao Idp mdt (Ngudn:... den tudi di bpc Viet Nam la node dau tien eua chau A va la node thQ hai tren the gidi ki Cdng ode Quyen tre em (CRC) nam 1990 vdi nhQng cam ket Qu tien dae biet cho tre em Trong qua trinb phat