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Khoa hoc Gido due 1ra> 1 » '''' GIAO DUC Kl NANG SONG TRONG MON TIENG VIET 0 TIEU HOC • PGS TS HOANG HOA BINH Vien Khoa hqc giao due Viet Nam hpp la budc phat trien eao eua KN ddn le, bdi vi nd la ket qu[.]
1ra> Khoa hoc Gido due »' GIAO DUC Kl NANG SONG TRONG MON TIENG VIET TIEU HOC • PGS.TS HOANG HOA BINH Vien Khoa hqc giao due Viet Nam V iee daa giao due kT nang (KN) sd'ng vao nha trQdng thdi diem cd y nghTa nhQ la mdt sQthUe tinh de eae nha giao due ehU y nhieu hdn den tinh huu dung, thiet thuc eua chuong tnnh nha trudng, ddng thdi ehuan bi eho chuong tnnh tuong lai, eho ehuong trinh dap Qng yeu eau dao tao eon ngQdi mdi nang ddng, tieh cQc, tQ tin, dat dQpc edng xa hdi hdi nhap, nhieu bien ddng Giao due KN sdng eae mdn hpe se dat hieu qua neu ehUng ta xae dinh dQng khai niem KN sd'ng can ren luyen eho HS; liet ke dQpc nhung KN dae thii la Uu the rieng eiia mdi mdn hoe; lam rd nhung edng, bat cap, nhUng gi ehua cap nhat giao due KN sdng eiia mdn hoc Khdng lam sang td nhung dieu nay, chi bd sung CO hpe ndi dung giao due KN sdng pham vi nhQng KN xa hdi theo nhdm KN dQpe bao cao vien eua UNICEF gidi thieu (*), giao due KN sdng se ehi la hoat ddng ghep them vao cd the eua nhung ehuong tnnh da qua tai vdi qua nhieu boat ddng tieh hop, nen eiing vdi thdi gian se bi roi vao quen lang Bai Viet bay td quan diem eua ehUng tdi ve: - Ndi dung giao due KN sdng mdn Tieng Viet - Van dung phuong phap day hoe (PPDH) tieh cue giup ren luyen KN sdng eho hoe sinh I Noi dung giao due kT nang sdng mdn Tieng Viet Khai niem KN sdng KN sdng la tat ca eae KN dupe ren luyen nhd giao due nha trudng va nhd hoe hdi, trai nghiem eude sdng KN sdng gdm nhQng loai sau: - KN CO ban la nhQng KN eon ngQdi can cd de tdn tai va thieh Qng vdi cudc sd'ng, b i t dau tQ nhung KN don le nhQ phat am, dpc tie'ng, viet chu, den nhQng KN tdng hdp nhQ thuye't trinh, tranh luan, td chQc cudc hpp, KN tdng hpp la budc phat trien eao eua KN ddn le, bdi vi nd la ket qua eua sU phdi hdp cae KN ddn le vdi nhung hieu biet ve ty nhien, xa hpi Vi du; ngadi dien thuyet gidi phai cd KN ngdn ngQ, KN lap luan ddng thdi vdi KN phan tich, tdng hpp van de, sQam hieu ddi tQpng ngQdi nghe, KN sdng d mdi ngadi cd the dat dQpc nhCrng mQc dp thuan thue khae yeu to bam sinh, giao due, trai nghiem, NgQdi cd kha nang dien thuyet rat thuyet phue ed the rat kem ve KN tQ phuc vu; ngQdi giao tiep b i n g viet gidi cd the dien dat ndi khdng hap dan, - KN dae thu la nhQng KN nghe nghiep giup eon ngQdi lam tdt edng viee chuyen mdn, nhQng KN ehuyen biet (nhQ hat, mua, ve, choi dan, lam thp, da bdng, danh ten-nit, ) giup ngQdi sdng vui hon, thu vi, cd y nghTa hon, Giao due KN sdng Mdn Tie'ng Viet la mdn hpe quan trpng eiing eae mdn hoe khac nha trQdng Tieu hpe gdp phan ren luyen cho hpe sinh nhQng KN sd'ng dupe hie'u vdi nghTa la nhQng KN cd ban ban dau KN dac thu, the hien Qu the cua mdn Tieng Viet la KN giao tiep Sau dd thi KN nhan thQc, bao gdm nhan thQc the gidi xung quanh, tQ nhan thQc, quyet dinh, la nhQng KN ma mdn Tieng Viet cung cd Qu the vi dd'i tQpng eua mdn hpe - tieng Viet - la cdng eu eua tU 2.1 Ve KN giao tiep Giao tiep dQpe hieu la hoat ddng trao ddi tU tudng, tinh cam, cam xuc, n h i m thiet lap quan he, sQ hie'u biet, cpng tie, giQa cac vien xa hdi Hoat ddng giao tiep gdm eae hanh vi giai ma (nhan thdng tin) va ki ma (phat thdng tin) Trong ngdn ngQ, mdi hanh vi deu ed the dQpc thQc hien b i n g hai hinh thQc: kha'u ngQ (nghe, ndi) va bUt ngQ (dpc, viet) Thdng qua mdn Tieng Viet, cae KN nghe, ndi, dpc, viet cua hpe sinh dQoc hinh va phat trien dan, tQ nhQng KN don le den nhQng KN tdng hop ldp 1, muc tieu chu yeu eiia (•) Khung tai lieu tich hop giao due KN song vao cac mon hoc d trudng phd thong Viet Nam gidi thieu nhom KN Tu nhan thuc (Xac dinh gia tn ban than, Tu tin, Ta ,) - Giao tiep (Phan hoi: Qng xir The hien sU cam thong ) - Suy nghi sang tao (Neu van de, Bmh luan ) - Ra quyet dinh (Giai quyet van de, L/ng Thuong luong ) - Lam chu ban than (Oat muc lieu, Kiem soat cam xuc , ) 44 K H G D so , t h d n g - 0 g chQOng trinh la hinh va phat trie'n eae KN don le nhu doc tieng, viet chQ, Dd la nhirng KN sdng ma mdn Tieng Viet ed nhiem vu hmh eho hpe sinh Khi tre da vUpt qua giai doan dau tien, ed kha nang nghe, ndi, dpc, viet tUdng ddi thao thi nhung KN dd trd phuong tien de hinh KN giao tie'p d mQc dp eao hon TQ ldp 2, cac KN ddn le tiep tue dQde hoan thien, ddng thdi nhieu KN tdng hop, g i n vdi nhQng yeu eau giao tiep thu'e te hpn eung b i t dau dQde hinh thanh, nhQ: thuc hien cae nghi thue Idi ndi (chao hdi, cam on, xin Idi, ehia vui, chia budn, mdi, nhd, yeu cau, de nghi, ), eae hoat ddng gidi thieu (gidi thieu ban than, td, ldp, dia phuong,,.,), thuyet trinh, tranh luan, De hpe sinh ed dupe nhQng KN tdng hop, saeh giao khoa (SGK) va thay, ed giao phai tao dupe nhUng tinh hudng giao tiep gan vdi cudc sdng de hpe sinh quan sat, rut dQpe nhung kinh nghiem can thiet Vi du, day tre viet thu, can dUa mau de eae em viet dupe bUe thu ed bd cue hpp li NhUng dieu quan hon la phai giup cac em tra Idi dUdc cae cau hdi: Thu em viet eho ai, vao thdi gian nao, de lam gi? Cd nhU vay, bQe thQ mdi cd ndi dung chan thue Sau dd, edn phai day hpe sinh viet phong bi thU Khi tre biet viet dung tren phong bi thu dia chi cua minh, dia ehi la thu can gQi den nghTa la eae em da ed mdt KN sdng thUe sU, mdt KN giao tiep edng ddng ma mpt sd ngudi Idn khdng ed nen da mIe Idi eiia eau be Van-ca (nhan vat eua M Gorki'viet la thu "Giri dng nha que'), chuyen nude ngoai nhung la thu khdng bao gid den duoe tay ngudi nhan De hinh va phat tnen KN sdng eho hpe sinh, ehupng trinh Tieng Viet Tieu hoc da phan giai cae KN giao tiep can ren luyen cho hoc sinh nhu sau: - KN doc bao gdm eae KN doe thdng (dpe tieng, dpe tham, dpe lUdt) va dpe - hieu (hieu nghTa den va nghTa bdng eua tU ngQ, cau, van ban - van b i n cd tinh nghe thuat, van ban ddi sdng) - KN viet bao gdm cae KN viet chu (viet ehu thudng, viet ehu hoa, viet ehinh ta) va viet van ban (diing tU, dat cau sQ dung dau cau, tao lap van ban - van ban cd tinh nghe thuat, van ban ddi sdng) - KN nghe bao gdm eae KN nghe - hieu, nghe - ghi - KN ndi bao gdm eae KN sQ dung nghi thQc ldi ndi, dat va tra Idi eau hdi, thuat viee, ke ehuyen, KHGD so 47, thdng - 2009 Khoa hoc Gido due trao ddi, thao luan, phat bieu, thuyet trinh,., Cae KN ndi tren dUdc hinh va phat trien thdng qua viee td ehUe boat ddng giao tiep eho hpe sinh nhCmg mdi trQdng giao tiep ed chpn Ipc la cac gid Tap lam van, Ke chuyen Tap doc, Luyen tQ va eau, Chinh ta Tap viet Trong SGK Tieu hpe, ed nhieu bai hpe ma tu ten gpi eiia nd da ndi rd mue tieu giao due eae KN giao tiep xa hdi, nhu: Viet tu thuat Lap danh saeh hpe sinh Lap thdi gian bieu, Viet thiep ehUe Tet, Viet nhin tin, Viet ban tin, Viet quang eao, Viet thu, Oien vao giay td in san, Viet don Lam bao eao hoat ddng Lam bao eao thdng ke, Lam bien ban eude hop Lam bien ban vu viee Lap ehuong trinh hoat ddng, Phat bieu va dieu khien eude hpp, Thuyet trinh va tranh luan, Gidi thieu hoat ddng, Gidi thieu dia phuang, Ke' ehuyen dupe ehUng kien hoae tham gia, , Dd thudng la eae bai Tap lam van hoae Ke chuyen Ben canh dd, nhieu bai Luyen tQ va eau ed ndi dung ren luyen eae nghi thQc Idi ndi, nhieu bai Tap doe gidi thieu nhCrng van ban mau ehuan bi eho viee hinh mdt sd KN giao tiep edng ddng nhU mau don, thU, quang eao, bao eao, bien ban,,,, hoac eung cap nhung cau ehuyen ma qua dd hoe sinh ed the' rUt each thUe td ehUe cudc hop, lap ehUPng trinh hoat ddng tap the, Od eung la nhung gid hoe ed ndi dung ren KN sdng Mdt sd bai Tap doe ren KN doe - hieu nhu Thdi khda bieu, Mue lue saeh, Ndi quy thu vien,,,, eung ren KN sdng eho hoe smh TU eae KN eu the nay, hoe smh se biet each van dung de doe eae van ban ddi sdng khae nhu Bing gid tau, Thdng bao tuyen sinh, Lieh sinh hoat eau lae bd,,,, 2.2 Ve KN nhan thUe KN nhan thQc bao gdm mdt sd KN bd phan nhu KN tu nhan thUe, nhan thQc the gidi, quyet dinh, (Suy nghT sang tao khdng phai mot KN dpe lap ma la pham ehat can ed d mdi KN bd phan da neu) KN nhan thQc dupe ren luyen d nhieu mdn hpe Mdn Tieng Viet gdp phan hmh va phat trien KN thdng qua mdt ehuong trinh mang tinh tieh hop Day hoe tieh hop ed the dUde thue hien theo ehieu ngang va ehieu dpe Tich hpp theo ehieu ngang la tich hpp giQa kien thQc tieng Viet vdi cae mang kien thQc ve tU nhien, xa hdi va eon ngudi theo nguyen tae ddng quy O Tieu hpe, hudng tich hPp dupe thue hien thdng qua he thdng ehii diem hoe tap Qua cac ehii diem hoe tap, SGK ed dieu kien giup 45 Khoa hoc Gido due hoc sinh md rdng, he thdng hoa, tieh cue hoa vdn tu mdt each tu nhien va ed hieu qua, ddng thdi, dem den eho hpe sinh nhQng kien thQc bd ieh va li thU ve nhieu ITnh vue eua ddi sdng, md eanh cQa cho eae em bade vao the gidi xung quanh va soi vao the gidi tam hdn cua ehinh minh Tieh hpp theo chieu dpc la tieh hpp d mdt ddn vi kien thQc va KN mdi nhQng kien thQc va KN da hpe trade dd theo nguyen t i e ddng tam (edn gpi la ddng true hay vdng trdn xoay trdn de), eu the la: kien thQc va KN eiia ldp tren, cap hoe tren bao ham kien thQc va KN eua ldp dQdi, cap hoe dQdi, nhQng eao hon va sau hon Day la gili phap eiing ed va nang eao dan kien thQc, KN eiia hpe sinh, de cac kien thQc va KN ay thQc sQ la eiia mdi ngQdi hpe, gdp phan hinh d eae em nhung pham chat mdi eua nhan each Can eU vao dae diem tam, sinh li eiia hoe sinh, cae ehu diem dupe chpn day d nhung ldp dau cap lien quan den nhQng eon ngQdi, sQ vat, hien tupng gan gui ma tre em ed the e l m nhan bang giae quan eua minh va dupe nang dan dd sau sae theo thdi gian Vi du, md dau ldp 2, SGK Tieng Viet ed ehu diem Em la hoe smh ndi den "eai tdi "eua eae em bude chan tdi trudng, trd hpe sinh vdi vai trd mdi va nhung mem vui mdi NhUng bai Tap dpe hap dan ehii diem eiing cae bai tap Luyen tU va eau nhu day chao hdi, viet tU thuat, tu gidi thieu don gian ve ban than,.,, giup eae em ed y thUe ve minh, ve eupng vi mdi, ve bdn phan eiia hoe sinh vdi viee hoe va vdi nhung ngudi xung quanh, Cae bai doe d nhung ldp tiep theo ndi ve tmh trung thUe, Idng tU trong, ve y ehi, nghi lue, Idng dung cam, tinh yeu eude sdng,,,, dem den eho eae em nhung rung cam sau sle, bdi dudng d eae em nhQng dQe tinh phu hpp vdi truyen thdng eua dan tde va yeu eau xay dQng eon ngudi Viet Nam thdi dai mdi Cae bai hoe SGK Tieng Viet tieu hoe deu giUp hpe sinh tang eUdng hieu biet ve the gidi xung quanh va tU nhan thQc ban than Cd the lay vi du ve gid day Tap dpc bai tho "Sa tQ xuat quan" (La Fontaine) d ldp de minh hoa Gid Tap dpe giUp hpe sinh ren KN tam la doe - hieu (ket hop ren cac KN nghe va ndi) Khai thae tang nghTa den cua bai thd, hoc sinh n i m dupe mpt sd dae diem tieu bieu cua cae eon vat theo quan niem dan gian (sUtQ la chua mudn loai, voi va gau rat khoe, va cao khdn ngoan, thd nhat nhung chay nhanh, IQa eham hieu 46 IroKf^ nhong that tha, ) Khai khac tang nghTa bdng, hpe sinh hieu y nghTa sau s l e eua bai thd, thdng diep nhan van ma nha tho mud'n gQi den ban dpc: "Ai cung cd Qu diem, phai nhin thay Qu diem mdi ngudi de nhin ngUdi giao viee cho dUng" Thdng diep tren se gieo vao dau dc dQa tre ldp nhQng suy nghT, hinh bade dau KN nhan thQc va tu nhan thQc neu PPDH eiia giao vien giup cae em thdng qua hoat ddng, vi du, qua trd choi 'hhin ngQdi giao viec", biet lien he tQ cudc sd'ng cua eae nhan vat la vat truyen den cupc sd'ng eua minh: each nhin ngQdi, giao viec cua ban ldp trQdng, td trQdng, eua cac ban khac, cua minh; xa hdn la eua eha me, thay ed, nhQng ngQdi xung quanh (khi tre hpe len nhQng ldp eao hon) Thdng diep dd di theo dQa tre sudt ddi se giup nd cdi md, cdng hdn giao tiep xa hdi nd sdm c6 mdt each nhin nhan vat, tich cUc va lac quan ve ngUdi KN quyet dinh the hien nang luc phan tich va Qng phd vdi cae tinh hudng khac cua tre, dQpc hinh chu yeu qua eae bai Tap lam van va mdt sd bai ren luyen nghi thQc Idi ndi d phan mdn Luyen tQ va eau Vi du, mdn Tieng Viet d ldp ren luyen KN qua nhQng bai tap don gian nhQ: ndi ldi xin Idi em Id bade, giam vao chan ban, em dua nghich, va phai mpt cu gia; ddng vai chu edng an ndi Idi an iii, gpi cho em be bi lac dQdng tQ ndi ve minh de ehu edng an dQa em ve nha; dap Idi ngQdi la tQgidi thieu la ban eua bd me den chdi tinh hud'ng bd me d nha va bd me di vang, Tre ldp eung dQpe hpe each Qng phd qua bai tap tim tQ ngU ehi nhQng viee lam, nhQng cd quan, td chQe, nhQng ngQdi giup cac em bao ve an toan khdng cd eha me d ben eae tinh hud'ng: di hpe, di ehoi, d nha mdt minh, chay nha, bi tai nan hay bi de doa, hanh hung, Nhan xet chung 3.1 NhCrng ket qua SQ phan giai KN giao tie'p va KN nhan thQc mdn Tieng Viet cho tha'y ChQdng trinh Tieng Viet mdi rat giau tiem nang giao due KN sd'ng Neu ChQOng trinh cu chi chu ren KN dpc - hieu va tao lap nhQng ngdn ban mang tinh nghe thuat; coi nhe eae KN ddi sdng va KN nghe, ndi thi ChQdng trinh mdi da chuan bi cho hpe sinh cd KN Qng dung nhung dieu da hoe vao cudc sdng tdt hon; ed nhieu hon eae kieu bai tap luyen nghe, ndi Giao due hoe dudng dd g i n vdi thuc tien nhieu hon KHGD so , thdng - 2009 TNP(a«i Khoa hoc Gido due Chuong trinh Tieu hoc mdi vdi nhQng Uu diem ve giao due KN sdng eua cac mdn hpe theo danh gia eiia giao vien toan qude - da tao nen sU ehuyen bien rd ret ve chat lupng dao tao Tre em tu tin, hdn nhien, manh bao hdn, ed nhieu KN sdng ban: nhieu em biet tU dieu khien cudc hpp eua td, eua ldp; ehung chac dieu hanh, phat bieu cac budi sinh hoat toan trudng; manh dan s I m vai ngudi dan ehUdng trinh de ddi thoai eiing eae ban; biet viet bao eao; viet quang eao; lap bang thdng ke ket qua diem eua td, ldp; dung boat eanh, Tren truyen hinh, cae em ndi, dien tU tin hdn tre em nhong thap ki trude 3.2 Mot sd han che So sanh mat b i n g kien thOe, KN eua ChUPng trinh Tieng Viet vdi chuong trinh cua cae nude phat trien nhu Phap, Anh, My, ed the tha'y ChUPng trinh Tieng Viet dat yeu eau thap hpn Vi du: Choang trinh Tieng Phap tQ ldp 1, ldp da danh "mdi tuan nQa gid tranh luan (dope ghi vao thdi khoa bieu) de day hoc sinh tranh luan ve eude sd'ng eiia tap the ldp"; day "dien kich", 'Viet van ban to sp va giai thieh (theo hinh thOe boat dpng tap the) vdi dang bai: viet thu hoach ve so viee minh chOng kien, viet van ban van hpe, van ban to lieu" Ndi dung day tranh luan va viet eae van ban tren (nha't la van ban ve sp viee da ehung kien) neu dat vdi hpe sinh ldp 1, d Viet Nam se gay phan Qng tO phia giao vien, gay "sde" vdi luan xa hdi ChQOng trinh Tieng Anh tQ ldp 1, ldp da ehu day hpe sinh "dien kich, the hien tinh hudng kich va nhan vat b i n g ngdn ngOva hanh ddng, bde Id cam xue, ea tinh"; 'to chQe dieu dinh ndi lam rd chu de"; day 'thao luan nhdm, ndi theo loot Idi, cd li le, trinh bay quan diem ca nhan" cae ldp 3, 4, hpe sinh eua Anh da hpe "trinh bay van de trade nhong ddi toong ngodi nghe khae nhau"; hpe dien kich "Qng khau va ddng vai, viet kich va trinh dien, ddi thoai de trinh dien"; hoe "danh gia tae dung eiia an du tae pha'm van hoe", Tre em My (qua phim truyen hinh ed the thay) p tudi mau giao da biet dien kich, dat tay len nguc ndi Idi tuyen the eua cdng dan Hpp chimg qude Hoa Ky Hoe sinh 9, 10 tudi da tap dien thuyet vai tdng thdng Nixon hoae dat cau hdi eho mot vi tdng thdng duong nhiem trudc dan chUng, Mae du yeu cau ve ren luyen KN (nhat la KN KHGD so 47, thdng 2009 ndi) eiia ChUdng trinh Tie'ng Viet tha'p hdn so vdi ehUdng trinh cua eae nude phat tnen va dUdc day vdi sd tiet it hon nhung kha nhieu giao vien Viet Nam chua quen day nhQng KN nhu thuyet trinh, tranh luan; gidi thieu dia phUdng; ddi thoai phu hpp vdi mue dieh, ddi tupng va hoan eanh giao tiep; ke chuyen da chOng kien, tham gia, va ban than giao vien eung yeu ve nhong KN nen hp thodng eho cac bai hpe ren KN tren la khd Dd eung la nguyen nhan ban che chat lupng eua viee ren KN sdng trudng Tieu hpe hien Ben eanh dd, giao vien va hoe sinh Viet Nam giao tiep van mang net tam li ehung ciia ngUdi chau A la rut re, thieu manh bao, thieu cdi md hon so sanh vdi ngUdi chau Au va tre em chau Au Oae diem tam li eung la nguyen nhan ban ehe ket qua ddi mdi eiia ChUPng trinh Tieng Viet Dinh hudng giao due KN sdng De xay dung mdt ehuong trinh Tieng Viet tuong lai ed ndi dung giao due KN sdng cap nhat, thue tien va phii hop vdi dac thu bd mdn, cac tae gia bien soan Chuong trinh can suy nghT nghiem tUe ve viee dUa vao Chuong trinh nhung KN mdi (nhu dien thuyet, thuong luong, thuong thuyet, Ung khau, ) eho phu hop vdi dac diem tam li lua tudi eua hoe smh Viet Nam; tang thdi lupng de ren kT va sau hon, ehuyen xudng ldp dudi de day sdm hon mdt sd KN can thiet eiia eon ngUdi hien dai ma tre em Viet Nam edn yeu, Trong thdi diem hien - SGK, saeh giao vien Tieng Viet dang trien khai, thdi lUdng day hpe mdn Tieng Viet edn thieu, viee '1ich hop" giao due KN sdng (vdi mdn hoe vdn phong phu ndi dung giao due KN sdng nhu Tieng Viet) nen gidi ban d mdt sd bai, tap trung vao eae bai ren nhQng KN sdng ma giao vien edn lUng tUng day, hpe sinh cdn yeu hoc - theo hudng td ehue eae boat ddng tuong tae tieh eUe gid hpe de khae sau kien thQc ciia bai hoc, hmh nhQng KN xa hpi tUOng Ong hoac td dam nhong KN vd'n da ed qua tnnh td chQe day hpe, Dd la vi cae KN sd'ng thodng tdn tai khdng tach rdi ma ed lien he vdi nhau, Vi du, hoe sinh viet to thuat nghTa la eae em ddng thdi to nhan thOe minh, hpe sinh lap ehOdng tnnh boat ddng eho mdt sinh hoat tap the nghTa la cae em ddng thdi dope ren KN dat muc tieu; hoe sinh eiing ban viet doan ddi thoai de hoan ehinh mdt man kich, phan vai doe hoac dien man kieh 47 Khoa hoc Gido due nghTa la eae em da ddng thdi duoe ren ea KN ddi thoai dUng mue dich, dUng ddi tupng, hoan canh giao tiep va KN hpp tac, Tranh dUa them nhieu muc tieu ren KN sdng vao mdt bai hpe Vdi bai So TQ xuat quan, ben eanh mue tieu ren KN dpc tieng, doc - hieu ndi dung bai tho dope xae dinh rat ed mQc dq SGV (Khen ngpi SoTQ biet nhin ngOdi giao viec de eung cd ieh, eung dope lap edng), ehi nen them mue tieu ren KN nhan thQc, nhan thQc (kem gpi y phOPng phap): To chQc trd ehoi "nhin ngQdi giao viec" giUp hoc sinh tham thia hon bai hoc: Ai cung cd Ou diem, phai nhan Ou diem eua mdi ngodi, Du muc tieu giUp tre ldp khlc sau bai hpe nhan thQc thi them mdt trd ehoi vao gid hpe (chi ed 40 phUt) van la mdt thach dd, ddi hdi GV phai sang tao td chQe gid hoe, td chQc trd ehoi, de vQa hinh KN sdng thdi gian hOu ban, vUa khdng eoi nhe mue tieu chinh, tdi thieu eua gid hoe la ren KN dpe eho nhOng dOa tre mdi qua khdng lau giai doan danh van, II Van dung PPDH tich cue ren KN sdng cho hoc sinh Khai niem PPDH tich cUc Mae du Choong trinh Tieng Viet Tieu hoe mdi rat ehu ren luyen KN sdng eho hpe sinh nhong ndi dung eae bai hoe rat khd ehuyen KN d mdi hoe sinh neu giao vien khdng td ehOe eae hoat ddng hpe tap tieh cue eho eae em, bdi vi eon ngudi ehi hinh thanh, phat trien dupe KN thdng qua hoat ddng; ehi thue sU lam ehii duoe kien thUe ehiem ITnh nd b i n g hoat ddng ed y thOe eua ehinh minh; nhOng tU tudng, tinh e l m va nhan each tdt dep eung ehi ed the dOdc hinh qua ren luyen thoe te, Od la li ddi PPDH mdi d eae trodng tieu hpe hien Ban ehat eua PPDH la tieh eoe hoa boat ddng eiia ngodi hoe ma edt Idi la td ehOe boat ddng eua hpe sinh eho mdi hpe sinh deu dOde boat ddng, mdi hoe sinh deu dope bde Id minh va dope phat trie'n, N i m dope ban chat cua PPDH mdi, thiet ke g i l d an, g i l o vien can sQ dung linh hoat, dung lUe dung ehd eae PPDH truyen thdng va hien dai theo tinh than phat huy tinh tich cQc, sang tao eua hpe sinh, han che thuyet giang, lam thay hpe sinh, chu y tao nhong quan he toong tae tieh cQc giQa hpe sinh vdi hoe tap va thac hanh KN 48 Vi du, vdi thdng diep ma hpe sinh ITnh hdi dooc to bai tho So TQ xuat quan: Ai cOng cd Qu diem, phai nhin tha'y Ou diem mdi ngodi de nhin ngodi giao viec eho dQng, neu giao vien dQa thdng diep den vdi mdi hpe sinh chi bang Idi thuyet giang thi nd chOa the^ ehuyen KN nhan thQc va to nhan thQc Oe bai hoc nhan thQc dope khac sau trf dc cac em, trd KN sd'ng, giao vien can td chQc eho hpe sinh tie'p nhan thdng diep tren qua hoat ddng, vi du, qua each thpc hien trd chPi "nhin ngQdi giao viec" nho sau: - Hoat ddng tai tao bai hpe: Chia ldp nhieu nhdm, mdi nhdm hpe sinh - mdt hpe sinh ddng vai SoTQ, eae em khac ddng vai Voi, Gau, Cao, Khi, LQa, Thd GV neu tinh hudng (cdng ddn, thi chay, thi keo go, ), hpe sinh ddng vai So TQ phan viec cho cac ban Sau dd, ca nhdm danh gia xem So TQ phan viee ed hop li khdng - Hoat ddng md rdng bai hpe: Chia ldp nhieu nhdm, mdi nhdm 5, hpe sinh - mdt hpe sinh lam td tradng, nhQng em khac lam td vien Giao vien neu tinh hudng (td chQe lien hoan, thi bieu dien van nghe, thi the thao, ), hpe sinh ddng vai td trodng can cQ vao kha nang eua tQng ban ma phan viee Sau dd, ea nhdm danh gia xem td trodng phan viec ed hpp li khdng Bai hpe hinh tQ trd chdi se di theo tre sudt ddi, giUp eae em edng hon td chQc edng viee, eO xQ vdi ban be hay vdi ddi tae, vdi ddng nghiep sau TAI Lieu THAM KHAO Chuang trinh mon Tieng Viet - Chuang trinh GDPT cap Tieu hoc (Ban hanh kem Quye't dinti so 16/2006/QOBGDOT 5-5-2006 cua Bd trudng Bd GD&DT, NXB Giao due, 2006 SGK, SGV Tieng Viet Dang Thi Lanh chii bien - NXB Giao due, 2002 - 2006 SGK, SGV Tieng Viet 2, 3, 4, 5, Nguyen Mmh Thuye't chu bien - NXB Giao due, 2003 - 2006 SUMMARY The introduction of living skills into schools are very important at this time, helping school education to meet the demands for new dynamic, active humans with selfesteem, success in a changing world This article addresses the integration of living skills into Vietnamese language subjects in primary schools as well as author's view on: contents of living skills In the Vietnamese language subjects, using active methods In helping students to drill the living skills KHGD so , thdng - 2009 ... tiep ed chpn Ipc la cac gid Tap lam van, Ke chuyen Tap doc, Luyen tQ va eau, Chinh ta Tap viet Trong SGK Tieu hpe, ed nhieu bai hpe ma tu ten gpi eiia nd da ndi rd mue tieu giao due eae KN giao... va vdi nhung ngudi xung quanh, Cae bai doe d nhung ldp tiep theo ndi ve tmh trung thUe, Idng tU trong, ve y ehi, nghi lue, Idng dung cam, tinh yeu eude sdng,,,, dem den eho eae em nhung rung cam... ldp dudi de day sdm hon mdt sd KN can thiet eiia eon ngUdi hien dai ma tre em Viet Nam edn yeu, Trong thdi diem hien - SGK, saeh giao vien Tieng Viet dang trien khai, thdi lUdng day hpe mdn Tieng