VAN DE CAU TAO TUVA TU LOAI NHIN TÛ MUC TIEU M6N TIIHG VIET 6 Tliu HOC O TS D A N G KIIVI N G A " Tp n g ngdn ngCr, tu Id don vj trung tdm, do vgy, du d cd''''p hgc ndo, ngi dung dgy hgc ve h> trong mdn[.]
VAN DE CAU TAO TUVA TU LOAI NHIN TU^ MUC TIEU M6N TIIHG VIET Tliu HOC O T p n g ngdn ngCr, tu Id don vj trung tdm, vgy, du d cd'p hgc ndo, ngi dung dgy hgc ve h> mdn Tieng Viet (TV) cung chiem dung lugng ddng ke O heu hqc (TH}, hgc sinh (HS) dd duqe Idm quen vdi cdc kien thuc so gidn thuqe nhieu binh dien khdc ve tu: cdu tgo, h> logi, y nghla Xet cho eCing, cdc binh dien ndy khdng he cd lap vdi nhou: moi kieu cdu tqo tu gdn vdi mot kieu y nghta, moi h> loqi cung gdn vdi mot phgm tru y nghla khdi qudt ndo dd, vd y nghla cua tu Igi dugc hien thyc hod qua tu logi vd cdu tgo tu Trong ba binh dien neu tren, y nghla Id nhdn t d quan trqng nhdt chi phdi hogt dqng cuo tu Idi ndi Vi the, eho du tim hieu tu ve cdu tao hoy v l h> ioqi, dfch cudi cijng de hinh thdnh kT ndng su dyng tu van Id h i l u b i l t ve y nghta hogc ve kieu y nghta cua H/ dang dugc xem xet Thdm ehf, nhin h> mye Heu su dyng h>, cd the ndi rdng cde bdi hgc v l ed'u tgo tu vd h> loqi d TH khdng cd myc dfch h/ thdn Id x i p tu vdo nhdm ed'u tgo hay nhdm h> logi ndo, md Id giup ngudi hgc hieu y nghta (vd dgc diem hogt ddng ngCr phdp} cuatu Bdi viet bdn v l ed'u tgo tu vd tu logi md'i quan he vdi ndi dung mdn TV d TH (nhin h> gdc ngu nghta, hogc tuong quon vdi ngi/ nghta} Vd'n d l ranh g i d i cua cdc tu TV J) Xac djnh ranb gioi cua tu TV Do dgc d i l m logi hinh cua TV: ranh gidi dm Het rdnh mqeh, nhung ranh gioi cdc \u khdng rd rdng, nen viec xdc djnh ranh gidi cua cde tu Id vd'n de gdy nhieu ban khodn cho gido vien (GV) TH De xde dinh dugc ranh gidi cdc tu mot edu hoy mot dogn Idi ndo d d , edn ehij y nhung dqc diem cdn bdn cua h/ ndi chung, h> TV ndi ri§ng Do Id: - Khde vdi cym tu h/ do, tCr Id don vj sdn cd, thugc he thdng tu v y n g , khdng phdi Id don vj dugc cdc cd nhdn tgo ro h-ong qud trinh giao tiep bdng Idi Vf d y , edc h> qudn do, di TS D A N G KIIVI N G A " dung, xe mdy, dn ud'ng, tdt tuoi, d i u cd son (dugc liet ke, gidi nghta h-ong tu d i l n ) ; - Khac vdi cym h> tu do, h/ Id don vj ed hinh thuc vd nghta cd djnh, bdt bugc Neu them hoqc bdt y l u td ndo d d v d o / t r o n g ttr thi ket cdu vd nghta ciia K/ bj phd v d (hoqc bj thay doi} Vf dy: neu xen tu mdu vdo giua hai tieng h-ong h> hoa hong thi y nghta cua h> se thay ddi - boa hong khde boa mdu bong; - l ^ d c vdi cym \u tu do, y nghta cuo tu khdng phdi luc ndo cung c6 t h i dugc suy mdt cdch tryc tiep tu y nghta cua cdc thdnh td tgo nen no Vf dy: /loo g / d / k h d n g phdi Id hoa bdng gidy, dn ndi khdng phdi Id an vd ndi, quan khdng phdi chi ndi v l qudn vd ; - Khdc vdi t i l n g , h/ Id dan vj dde Idp tgo cdu Vf d y , td hgp boa hong trdng gdm tu hoa hong vd trdng, vi ed boa bong vd trang deu ed khd ndng dgc lap tqo cdu; nhung boa bong bgch chi Id h>, vi bach li^dng ed khd ndng dqc Idp tqo cdu (vd vqy, hoa hdng cung khdng doe lap tqo edu khdng du tu cdch Id ttr) Cd the di den nhqn xet: 1) Neu mot don vj ngdn ngi; khdng cd khd ndng dgc lap tqo cdu thi dd khdng phdi Id h>; 2) Neu ket cdu vd nghta cua mot td hgp dm Het khdng duqc g i u nguyen bi tdch rdi bdng mdt tu, thi td hgp am tiet ay Id tu; 3) Neu y nghta mot td hgp dm tiet khdng the suy mot cdch true tiep h> y nghta eua moi thdnh td thi td hop dm tiet d d Id h> Vf dy: hoa hdng dugc xde dinh Id mot tu n l u y nghta cuo nd khdng phdi Id hoa mdu hdng, hoa gidy duqc xde djnh Id mdt tu neu y nghta cua nd khdng phdi Id hoa bdng gidy (tuy nhien, khdng phdi td hqp ndo cd y nghta suy dugc mdt cdch true t i l p tu y nghta cuacdcthdnh t d c u n g l d c y m h / , v f d y : c a c t d h q p nhu eho me, thdy trd, nhqc hoq cd y nghta dugc suy mdt cdch true tiep tu y nghta cua moi thdnh td nhung vdn Id ede h> chu khdng phdi Id cym tu) * Trifling Bai hoc stt phan Ha Noi Tap chi Biao due so 7 (ki i - i/aoiai 2) Van de xac djnh ranh giai cua tu mdn TV a TH Xdc djnh ranh gidi giCra cde ttr khdng phdi Id myc Heu eua viec dgy h> d TH Do vdy, dqy t u , de gidm bdt khd khan cho HS, sdch gido khoa (SGK) hogc GV nen xdc djnh sdn cdc tu edu SGK TV4 d d gidi thieu h> don, h> phijc theo Hnh thdn ndy Cdch Idm nhu vqy hqn e h i duqc sy qud tdi, gidm bdt nhung rdc rdi to ede bdi tdp yeu cdu HS h/ xdc djnh ranh gioi h> - viec md n h i l u liie ehfnh thdy ed cung khdng biet minh da Idm dung hay chua Vd'n de ed'u t q o h> d TH 1) Cd'u tgo tu TV Trong mdn TV d TH, Heu ehf phdn logi tu theo ed'u tgo Id sd luong tieng Tu CO mot t i l n g Id tO d o n , tO gdm nhieu Heng Id tu phuc N h u vqy, theo cdch phan loqi ndy, h> don ludn Id h> don dm, tu phuc ludn Id tu da dm Theo phuong thde cdu tqo, tu phue duge chia thdnh ft> ghep vd ti} lay Tu ghep duqe cd'u tgo b d n g cdch g h e p cdc Heng cd nghta Igi vdi nhou Do vgy, ve nguySn tdc, cdc tieng tu ghep deu cd nghta Chfnh vi dieu ndy, cde \udidung, tuoi cudi, thOng mung, que qudn, hjy cd hinh thuc gid'ng tu Idy nhung Id nhCrng tu ghep dfch thye Tu Idy dugc hinh thdnh bdng cdch ket hgp mot Heng gd'e (ed nghta tu thdn} vd tieng lay (khdng ed nghta tu thdn, ed dm ddu hode/vd vdn gidng dm d d u / v d n tieng gdc) N h u vgy, h> Idy (ddi) dien hinh phdi cd dqc diem sou: 1} Chf mdt Heng cd nghta; 2) Cdc Heng tu gidng d dm ddu hoqc/vd d vdn (vf dy: xanh xanb, xanb xao, bdi rdi, ,) Ngodi tCr Idy d d i , TV edn ed tu lay ba (vf dy: sgcb sdnh sanh, sdt sdn sat } va tu Idy tu(vf dy: bdng nha bdngnbang, vdvavdvdn ) SGKTVTH khdng gidi thieu h> lay bo vd tu lay tu Cd mdt so tu gdy n h i l u bdn khodn cho GV TH nhdn dien k i l u cd'u tgo Vidy: + M d t so h> cd hai Hing chua dm hogc vdn gid'ng nhau, nhung ed dm dugc viet bdng nhCmg ehi/ edi khdc nhau, tu chi mdt t i l n g ed nghta nhu; cap kenh, gdm gbiee, ngugng ngung, loanb quanb, E)dy Id nhi/ng ti> Idy dm hogc tu Idy vdn dfch thye (td't nhien, nhi/ng tu cd hinh thi/e tuong tu nhung ed hoi Heng deu co nghta, nhu: gbe gdm, ngung nghi, Id tu ghep ehu khdng phdi Id tu Idy} + Mot so tu chua mdt tieng hien dang cd nghta vd mot tieng vd'n ed nghta nhung dd md't Tap chi Giao due so 7 (ki i • i/aoia) nghta, nhu: thit fhd, cdy cdi, mdy mdc, chim ebde, hdi ban, Ve mdt ljch d q i , ddy Id nhCrng tu ghep Nhirng ngudi theo quan diem ddng d q i , cdn cu vdo hinh thuc eua h> (cdc tieng cd dm ddu gidng nhau) vd y nghta eua Hlng (chf mot Heng hien cd nghta), coi ddy Id nhi/ng tu lay co y nghta khdi qudt + Mot sdh> nhu: hdn hen, Idm cdm, dung dinh, chdm cbdm, ba ba, cdo edo, cung gdy khdng ft bdn khodn eho GV TH: tu khdng h l n g ndo e6 nghla nen chung khdng dugc xem Id nhiJng tu ghep; mat khdc, hjy h> cd hinh thue cua h/ Idy nhung khdng tieng ndo h> duqe xem Id tieng gd'e nen khd xep ehung vdo danh sdch h/ Idy dich thuc Mot sd nhi/ng h> ndy (Idm edm, dung dinh ) mang y nghta gidu sue goi td nhu tdt cd cdc tu Idy dien hinh, vdy cd the xep chung vdo danh sdch cdc tu lay Mot sd tu khdc c6 hinh thuc gidng \u Idy, nhung chi thudn ggi ten su vqt md khdng cd y nghta sde thdi (chdm cbdm, ba ba, cdo cdo ) ed the dugc «dqc cdch" xep vdo danh sdch cdc h> Idy, nhung khdng duqe xem Id nhung tu lay dien hinh (Neu cdn cu vdo so lugng hinh vj, cbdm chdm, ba ba, cdo ghep nhCmg K/ehi/a ed hai tieng cd nghta nhu: dp u, dm uot,, ) + Mot sdh> chua hai Heng eo phdn vdn gidng nhou d dm chfnh vd dm cudi, nhung chi tieng dung sou cd dm dem (vf dy; ddng bodng, bdng hodng, bdng khudng, bdn khodn, ) Cd the nhCmg tu ndy vd'n Id h/ lay vdn d i l n hinh (vi dy: ddng hodng vdn cd ngudn gd'e Id dodng hodng); nen xem chung Id h> Idy vdn dde biet (tuy nhi§n, nhi/ng tu cd hinh thuc tucmg h/ nhung cd hai tieng deu CO nghta, nhu h/ bdt khud't cdn duqe xep vdo danh sdch tu gh§p) + Neu cdn c u vdo sd \ugng h l n g vd hinh thuc eua Kr, khdng the xep vdo danh sdch h> don hay tu lay nht/ng h> gdm nhilu Heng, khdng Heng ndo ed nghta vd khdng cd dgc diem hinh thOc eua tu Idy nhu: bu nhin, mo hdi, mi chinh, ed phe,, Cd the xep nhung tu ndy vdo danh sdch K/ ghep biet Idp khong phdi Id tu ghep phdn logi hay twig hgp (nhdm tu ghep ndy chua dugc gidi thieu d TH) 2) Dgy cau tgo tu d TH Thyc tien cho thd'y, dgy ve edu teio h>, GV khdng de y tdi viee SGK chi gidi thieu nhi/ng hien tugng dien hinh, phd bien md chua gidi thieu nhung trudng hgp rieng le, it tieu bieu Khdng ft GV TH dua ngi dung dgy hge ed tinh ehd't ndng cao vdo bdi tap, khien HS phdi trd Idi nhi/ng cdu hdi md chinh cdc thdy cd cdn chua thdng nhdt cdu h-d Idi Chdng hgn, mdt sd' GV yeu edu HS xdc djnh kieu edu tqo cua cdc tu: rfj/f t/jd, cdy coi., bdn thdn chua h i t thde mdc: tgi cd tdi lieu ggi Id nhi/ng h> ghep, cdn tdi lieu khde Iqi gql Id tu Idy? Cd GV hdi HS cde h> bo hdng, xd phdng, thugc kieu cdu tqo ndo, rdi gidi ddp rdng d d Id nhung K/ don da dm (md khdng nho rdng SGK d d ndi tu don Id tu gdm eo mot Heng) Thue Hen cung eho thdy, dqy ede bdi edu tqo tu, GV TH it quon tam tdi y nghta eua h> N h i l u ngudi xem xac djnh cd'u tqo tCr hoqc phdn loqi h> theo kieu ed'u tqo Id myc dich cudi cung eOa nhdm bdi hgc ndy Hg quan tdm cdy/edy cdi, dn/an no; thuqe kieu cd'u tgo ndo, nhung ft d l tdm Hm hieu hoqc hudng dan HS Hm hieu xem cdy vd cdy edi, dn vd dn ndi cd gi gid'ng nhau, khde nhou Ttieo chung tdi, khdng nen so dd vdo viec nhdn dien, phdn logi t u , vd dqc biet nen trdnh yeu edu HS nhdn dien, phdn logi nhCmg h/ khdng dien hinh v l ed'u tgo Dgy ve h> lay ddi thi phdi ehqn nhi/ng tu ed hinh thuc dien hinh, gdm mot Hlng ed nghta, mot tieng khdng cd nghta; h> dd phdi CO sue ggi td sy vdt, hien tugng (cd ^ nghta sde thdi) Dqy ve h> ghep thi ngu lieu td't nhdt Id nhung h> chua cdc h l n g hien deu cd cd nghta ro rdng Cho du mdt bdi hgc hay bdi tdp v l ed'u tqo tu khdng eo nhiem vy trye h i p Id cung cd'p nghta h/ cho HS, nhung Idng ghep k i l n thuc ve nghta tCr bdi hgc vd bdi tdp mdt cdch nhe nhdng Id cdch Idm hieu qud giup cdc em hieu sdu sde hon ve h>, h> d d su dyng h> td't hon (SGK TV4 cung ehqn cdch t i l p edn vdn de cd'u tqo h> gdn vdi y nghta: sdch gidi thieu hai loqi tughep Id tu ghep tdng bgp vd tu ghep phdn logi - cbu khdng phdi Id h> ghep dang lap vd tu ghep chinb phy) Nhin h> y nghta, dgy ede bdi ve ed'u tqo ti>, edn ehu y: 1) Ten ggi tu ghep tdng hgp dd eho thd'y y nghta chung cua nhi/ng h> ndy Id y nghta tdng hqp Y nghta tdng hqp cd bieu hien chO yeu: cd t h i Id y nghta bao gdp {vi dy, thdy trd cd the hieu Id thdy vd trd ), y nghta tong logi (vi d y , quan cd the h i l u Id qudn, do, kbdn, gdng toy, tdt chdn, , - nhung thu dugc dan, det, may de mgc, khodc, } hay y nghta ehuyen ehi logi (vi dy, dn ndi co the hieu Id ndi ndng ndi ehung } Chinh y ngtita tdng hgp quy djnh khd ndng ket hgp cua tu: khdc vdi danh tu Id h> don hay Id tu ghep phdn logi, nhCrng danh tu Id h/ ghep tdng hqp khdng dung true h i p sou sd tu V i dy, chi eo the ndi: bai qudn, hai do, hai ddi md khdng the ndi hai qudn NhCrng danh h> Id tu ghep tdng hgp cung khdng the dung sou cde danh tu chi don vj - don the md ehi dung sou ede danh tu ehi don vj - hgp t h i Vi dy: cd the ndi: hai bg qudn do, bai tu qudn do, nhung kbdng the ndi: hai edi qudn do, hai ebiee qudn 2) Tu ghep pbdn logi trudc het bieu hien su phdn chia sy vqt, hien tugng thdnh nhieu logi, vi dy: xe mdy, xe dap, xe lam, xe d to Tuy nhien, khd nhieu tCr ghep phdn logi (dgc biet Id cdc tinh h>} cdn cd net nghta miSu td nhi/ng sde thdi Hnh t l cua sy vdt, hi&n tuqng Vi dy, xanb um khde xanb r? khde xanh mudt Neu khong cdm nhqn duqc su khde biet ngu nghta gii/a cdc \u ghep phdn loqi ed ehung Heng chinh thi sy nhdn dien kieu cd'u tqo h> chua giup HS su dyng chung mdt edeh hieu qud Idi ndi 3) Cdc tu Idy dien hinh deu ed y nghta sde thai: chung khdng chi djnh danh md edn ggi td nhCrng bieu hien Hnh t l eua hien thyc cuoc sdng Y nghta sde thdi cuo tu Idy t h i hien d cho tu cd them mdt sde thdi y nghta ndo so vdi y nghta cua Heng gdc Sy sde thdi hod cd the Id tdng hay gidm mue so voi Heng gdc, nhung khong chf dung Igi d viee tdng hay gidm muc dd y nghta Vf dy: bdi rdi, rdi ril, rdi rdm, rdi ren khdng hdn Id rd't rdi hoy hoi rdi, md Id nhi/ng b i l u hi%i cua sy thu hep phgm vi su dyng cua h/ so vdi Hlng gd'e rdi Khi dgy ve h> Idy, nhieu GV TH ehu y tdi nghta, ggi y HS Hm hieu xem y nghta cuo mot \u ndo Id tdng hay gidm muc Dd Id edeh khai thde dung hudng bdi vi HS ehi cd the dCing h> de tgo lap hogc Hip nhqn Idi ndi dd hieu y nghta cuo h> Tuy nhidn, mud'n ndi ve k i l u sde thdi hod cua tu Idy, GV edn ehqn nhOng tu ed y nghta tdng/gidm muc dd so vdi tieng gdc mot cdch ro rdng, chu khdng phdi Id mot kieu sde thdi hod Wide Vd dieu quan trgng Id cdn chgn nhimg h> Idy eo Hlng gdc cdn rd nghta, de HS Tap chi Siao due so 7 (ki i - i/aoia) thd'y ro y nghta cua h> thay ddi the ndo so vdi y nghta euo Heng gdc NhiJng d i l u vua phdn tfch cho thdy: d l su dyng tu hi§u qud thi edn biet d a i l o q i Cdc tu logi duqc dgy d TH Id danh tu, ddng tu, ttnh h>, dgi ti/ vd quan he tu - nhOng tCr loqi cd vj trf quan trgng ngdn ngCr, Id «linh hdn" cOa cdc phat ngdn 1) Danh ft>, ddng tu, tinh tu Danh h>, dgng h>, tinh to Id ba tu loqi quan trgng ngdn ngu Sd lugng danh, ddng, tfnh tu mdi ngdn ngi; d i u rd't Idn Thieu chung, khd md mieu td duge hiSn thuc cudc sd'ng hode dgt dugc cdc cdu Do vdy, ddnh thdi luong ddng k l eho ba tu logi Mdi dgi \u ed gid tri su dyng rieng, hoqc cung mot dgi Kr nhung moi ngCr ednh Igi c6 nhiJng vai trd khdng gidng nhou Mot edeh h/ nhien hoqc cd y thi/e, HS thudng xuy§n si/ dyng dgi tu ndi, v i l t Do vdy rdt edn giiip cdc em budc ddu h i l u v l f nghta vd gid trj cua dqi tit, md khdng chi dung lgi d sy nhgn dien, phdn loqi 3j Quan be tir Tuy ed sd lugng it nhung quon he tu xud't hien vdi tdn sud't rd't eao vd ed mat nhieu cd'p khde eua Idi ndi; lien k i t Kr ngi/ - tu ngCr, v l edu - ve edu, edu - edu, dogn vdn - dogn vdn N h d ed quan he t u , md'i quan he n g u phdp giOa cdc dan vj Idi ndi trd nen chgt che vd md'i quan he y nghta gii/a chung cung trd n§n tudng minh Cd nhung quon he Kr dien dgt cde md'i quon he khdc nhou hodn todn Lgi ed trudng hgp, dudng nhu md'i quon he n g i / ndy Id thod ddng phdp vd y nghta cde quan he tu bieu dqt Mdi tu loqi ndy deu dugc gidi thieu h/ y nghta gid'ng ve eo b d n , nhung vdn cd sy khdc khdi qudt dqc trung: danh tu chi sy vdt; ddng tu bi§t rd't Hnh t l Chdng hqn, cung chi nguyen chi hoqt dqng, trqng thdi; Hnh h> chi dgc d i l m , nhdn, nhung cdc tir vi, nhd, tgi khdng hodn todn tfnh chd't Cdc dqc d i l m ngu phdp cuo moi h> gid'ng ve y nghta bieu thdi; tuong tu, ndu, loqi dugc hien thyc hod qua hogtdong hdnh chuc he, gid cung chi dieu kien hogc gid t h i l t nhung cOo tu Do vqy, cung vdi v\%c Hm hieu y nghta, ndi hdm quan he y nghta md ehting bieu dqt HS edn edn biet tdi dgc d i l m khde (vi d y , gid tri khdng hodn todn gid'ng nhou Do vqy, hieu ve tqo edu) cuo mdi Kr logi (chdng hqn, danh tu sy h/ong d d n g , khde biet giCro cdc quan he tu ihudng ddm nhiem vai trd chu ngu cdu, cung Id mot nhirng dieu kien giiJp ta dCing cung cd the cCing vdi h> id ldm vj ngir; ddng h> vd Kr diing vd finh te hem Hnh h> thudng ddm nhiem vai trd vj ngCr h-ong Cung cdn nhd rdng, su Iqm dyng quon he Kr edu) Cdch dgy ndy nhd't qudn vdi djnh hudng cd t h i ldm cho Idi ndi thi^n ve li le, thdm ehi gdy tieh hqp mdn TV d TH 2} Dgi tu Dqi ti> ed sd lugng khdng Idn nhung cdm gidc ndng ne cho ngudi tiep nhgn Cho nen, rd't edn thiet vi duqe dung thudng xuyen Idi cdn edn nhdc ndo nen dung quan he tu, dung noi Trong duqe dung d l «xung'' hay «hd", nhu the ndo cho hieu qud G V cd the k i t hgp sua cdc ddi h> xung hd TV dong thdi cdn b i l u thj Idi vd huOTig dan HS edeh si> dyng quon he h> chd'm, ehija bdi vdn cho HS quan h§ (vai} giira cde nhdn vqt giao t i l p , the hien cdm xuc, thai d d , su ddnh gid cua cde nhdn Myc Heu hdng ddu eOa mon TV d TH duge vqt giao t i l p vdi nhau, hogc voi mot ddi tugng xde dinh Id «Hinh thdnh vd phdt t r i l n HS edc ndo dd B§n egnh chuc ndng xung hd vd ehi djnh, dgi kt ndng su dyng TV (nghe, ndi, dqe, vilt) d l hgc h> cdn ed tdc dyng thay the cho h/ ngCr da xud't top vd giao tiep cde mdi trudng hoqt dgng hien trudc d d , trdnh lap tO khdng cdn thiet; Idm eua lua tudi" Theo d d , cd t h i h i l u mye dich cho Idi noi khdng bj nhdm chdn Ngodi ro, dqi cudi cung eOa edc bdi hgc ve tu Id giiip HS hieu h> edn Id mot loqi phuong Hen quan h-gng eua tu vd su dyng dugc Kf hogt dgng tiep nhdn mdt bien phdp lien ket cdu: bien phdp the Gidng hogc tqo lap Idi ndi N h u vdy, hqe tu TV khdng n h u the ddng nghta, t h i dgi tu vuo tri d l tdi the chf dung Igi d viec nhdn d i i n , phdn loqi, doqn v d n / v d n bdn, vua trdnh duqc sy don md phd) di den nghta cua h> Di den nghta tu dieu d o lap tu ngu qud n h i l u Nhung khac vdi bdng dudng ndo, noi ve y nghta ti> nhu the t h i ddng nghta, the dqi tu thudng Idm cho Idi ndi ndo, ndi vdo luc ndo vd ndi bao nhieu Id du Id ngdn ggn hon, lien k i t hinh thuc giOa cdc cdu d i l u G V cdn edn nhdc Bdi, neu khdng ndi thi (Xem tiep trang 22) chgt ehe hon Tap chi Giao due so 7 (ki i • i/aoia) hn/dng; cde hogt ddng phdi phu hgp vdi nhu cdu cua SV Tdng eudng kiem t r a , ddnh g i d ; khuyen khich SV t y kiem t r a , t u d d n h g i a ; x d y d y n g v d thuc hien quy che «thudng p h g f ro r a n g , h g p IT mgi hogt dgng N h d trudng cdn thudng xuyen kiem tra Id'i sdng, hdnh v i , cdch giao Hep ung x d , sy chdp hdnh ndi quy, cde quon he x d hqi, vide Idm them, noi d cOa SV de kjp thdi thu dugc nhirng Hidng Hn phan hoi, \u dd cd bien phdp gido dye hop li vd hieu qud hon; ngdn chdn h> xo ddi vdi nhung thdi di ngugc Iqi ehudn muc dgo du'c x d hgi Tai lieu tbam khao Nguygn Vi^I ChiJc Van hoa ling xu-ciia nguoi Hk Npi vffi mdi t r u ^ g thien nhi&n Vi€n Vdn hda vk NXB Vdn iida - Tfidng tin H, 2002 Pham Minh Hac (chu bien) V5n hoa v4 giiio due, giao due va vSn hoa NXB Gido due H 1998 Tran Thi Minh Hug Gido due bdn sde vdn iida ddn tdc cho sinh viSn su pham thong qua t6 chiic hoal ^dng gido due ngodi gia len lap Luan an ti€n si Tnicmg Dai hpc su pham - Dai hgc Thai Nguyfen, 2010 Nguygn Thi Kim Ngan VSn hoa giao tiep ahh trmong NXB £)pi hgc supham Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh 2011 Nguygn Thanh Tu& VSn hoa ling xii'Viet Nam hien NXB TUdiin Bdch khoa vd Viin Vdn hda, H 2008 Viee k i l m tra, ddnh g i d phdi dugc Hen hdnh mdt cdch thudng xuy§n, lien Kie, khoa hgc vd hgp Tr^n Ngpc Them - Pham H6ng Quang VSn hoa li; tuyet dd'i trdnh benh hinh thuc «ddi phd, chieu hoc va van hda Viet Nam NXB Dgi hgc supham, H.2004 le"; phdt huy Hnh thdn h/ gidc, ehO ddng cua SV; Ngu6n http//taninhin.net/daolao "Trdn trd vdi vdn b i l n qud h'inh kiem tra, ddnh gid cOa ede lye hoa ung xu hoc dudng" 2011 lugng gido dye thdnh hoqt dgng kilm tra, ddnh Ngu6n http//laodong.com.vn "Bdn trdn vdn hda gid eua SV; cdn cd sy tham gia phdi hop cOa hgc dudng" 2010 nhieu lye tugng gido dye, giup eho hogt dgng SUMMARY ndy phdn dnh dung thyc trgng vd'n de cdn kiem Educating behoving culture to help students get h-a, ddnh g i d Ben egnh do, edn cd bien phdp the right perception and know how to express wellmannered communication iDehiaviors in study and life, khen thudng, khuyen khich dgng vien kjp thdi etc The article presents measures relating to that nhChig SV cd thdnh Keh eoo hge tdp, guong issue in Viet Bac Cultural Artistic Junior College mau thuc hien cde quy djnh cua nhd trudng v l Idi sd'ng, giao t i l p ung xu'; xO' If nghiem khde nhung bieu hien Heu eye (Id'i sdng thyc dyng, chu (Tiep theo trang 31) nghla cd nhdn, vi phgm ndi quy, quy djnh cOa chdng cd feh bao nhieu cho ngudi hgc, nhung trudng, gion Idn thi ei), vo I I vdi GV ); Van de cau tao tir va xdy dyng quy c h i khen thudng, ki lugt hgp l i ; ddm bdo khdeh quon, edng bdng, edng khai, c d Hnh gido dye vd phdt trien, h'nh ke hoqch v d he thd'ng; k i t hgp khen thudng thudng xuyen vd khai thudng qud trinh Tdng eudng dieu kien eho cdc hoqt d g n g GDVHUX, tgo «nen tdng" vd dieu kien thudn lgi de thyc hien tdt nhiem vy dgt Khi xdy dyng ke hogch tdi chfnh ndm hgc, nhd trudng cdn ddnh mdt phdn ngdn sdch phu hop d l sdm sua trang t h i l t b i , eo so vdt chd't; huy dgng sy tdi t r g ve kinh phi, phuong Hen t u edc lye lugng x d hgi ddng tren dia bdn; khai thde d o dOng, phuong Hen d g y hgc hien cd; tdng eudng xdy dyng v d hodn thien cdc ngudn tdi lieu tham khdo, tdi lieu tuyen fruyen v l vdn hda hgc dudng vd gido dye VHUX eho SV d thu vien cua nhd trudng vd phdng tu lieu cOa ede khoo • li^ ndi khdng ed d i l m dung Igi Idm cho ndi dung dgy hge trd nen qud tdi Q Tdi lieu tham khao Le A - D6 Xuan Thao Giao Irinh Tieng ViSt NXB Dai hoc supham, H 2010 , Le A - Phan Phuong Dung - D5ng Kim Nga GiSo trinh Ti^ng Viet NXB Dai hoc supham H 2011 3.B6GD-DT.r»&igViet4l%)l,2.NXBGfeiorf«c,H.2007 BO GD-DT TiHig Viet tap 1,2 NXB Gidorfwc,H 2007 SUMMARY To help pupils use words vi/elteadT&s need to hep them understand ttie meanings and acting abilities of words Put word-formation and parts of sfDeech into the relationship with the meanings, the author of the article has summarised some problems of words that make many teachers of pnmary schools consider In author's opinion, to help pupils use words effectively, teachers need to attach to words' meanings while teaching word-formation and parts of speech However, teactiersshoudntmakepupils exhausted Tap chi Biao due s6 7 (in i - i/aon)