Khoa hoc Gido due T R U O N G H O C C U A N H f l N C I K H • PGS TS LE SON Hoi Khoa hoc Tam li Giao due Viet nam Tre em la tai nguyen vo gia cua bat cd mot quoc gia nao 06 la bau vat ma tao hoa ban c[.]
Khoa hoc Gido due T R U O N G HOC CUA N H f l N CIKH • PGS.TS LE SON Hoi Khoa hoc Tam li Giao due Viet nam T re em la tai nguyen vo gia cua bat cd mot quoc vdc Dda be sinh ddpc tim bing rdpu nho de cd sdc khoe tot Len tudi, tre Sparta phai rdi gia nao 06 la bau vat ma tao hoa ban cho loai khdi nha den song nhdng trai huan luyen nguoi, bau vat dddc trao cho nha trudng nhu nghiem khic, dda be dddc hpc du de biet dpc mot vudn ddm cua tddng lai cua dan toe biet viet Dieu quan la chung phai tap chiu Trong thu gui hoc sinh vao khai trudng dau ddn va gianh chien thing tran danh, dau tien cua nddc Viet Nam dpc lap 9/1945, Bac tre an udng de dai khong sp bdng tdi, den 12 tudi Ho da dan tre em va tat ca cac the he chung ta: "TU cac chau cd cai may man dupe thi hpc quan sd vdi mpt ki luat khic Td be hddng mpt nen giao due lam nd het nang luc tre em Sparta khong dddc mSc bat cd bp quan ao nao ngoai mpt chiec ao choang, khdng co sin co cua cac chau" 06 chinh la tuyen ngon cua mpt nha trudng giiy, khong co quan ao lot, tham chi mua dong mdi vdi y tddng nhan ban choi sang ma hang cung khdng co them mpt thd quan ao nao ngan nam trudc day chda he biet nen giao chung ngu tUng nhdm tren nhung ddng due cd truyen rdm cat ben bd song, chung khong bao gid Trddng hoc phai vddn tdi sd menh ddpc an no, viec nhin ddi lam cho chung cao len, thieng lieng lam nd het tiem nang phat trien trai lai an qua nhieu se lam chung cham chap, to cua ngudi ma chinh chung ta cung chda biet beo, lun tit (Plutarch) het, de tddng lai moi ca nhan trd - Giao due Chau Au thdi Trung cd hang nhdng vi lap lanh ngan nam cung tiep ndi cai di san quan chu gia Trddng hpc gia trddng quan chu trudng ay cua lich sd Hpc sinh chiu ddng nen - O phddng Dong, trddng hoc ddi td thdi giao due cua nha thd, bi ap dat nhdng giao dieu Nghieu Thuan (2365-2255 trddc Cong nguyen) nhat loat, sd ap dat tinh thin, hanh than xac Nha vua lap cac "Thddng tddng" va "Ha tre em keo dai hang ngan nam cac nha tddng" de cho em hoc tap Odi nha Chu trddng Trong luat phap Anh qudc, tre td tudi (1134-trddc Cong nguyen): tre tudi vao trd di dddc coi la ngddi Idn thu nhd, cd the hpc hpc tieu hoc, 14-15 tudi vao hpc dai hoc den 20 tap, lam viec, ket hon, ngdi tu, tham chi b| treo tudi Trddng hoc da cd sd phan chia ding cap, cd nhd ngddi Idn Phddng phap giao due diy ch! vua chua mdi dddc hpc td tudi, con tinh dpc doan, quyen uy Hinh phat the xac d cac em quan chdc khac va thd dan thi 15 tudi mdi nha trddng diu the ki 19 cung khong phai la ddpc di hoc Co le vi vay ma Khdng Td da viet: hiem "Ngp thap hdu ngu nhi chi vu hoc (15 tudi - Trong cac trddng Phddng Dong vdi dao li chuyen tam vao viec hpc) Trddng hpc diu tien tren la trdi dddi la trdi (Thien td), chi cd vua d Viet Nam Thai thu Giao chi la ST Nhiep mdi cd nhan each Vua bao chet ma khong chet chieu nap cac danh sT Trung Qudc sang lanh la bat trung bd bao chet ma khong chet la nan lam thay day hpc Trddng hpc xuat hien td bat hieu Td nhdng tin dieu nhd vay, nen giao the ki I sau Cong nguyen la trudng nho giao, ST due phong kien Phddng Odng day sdc ap dat Nhiep md trudng cham lo viec hpc hanh cua dan quan chu gia trddng, quyen uy Chinh vi vay Comenxki Nha giao due, muc sd ndi tieng ngddi chung nen ddpc ton la "Nam bang hpc td" Trudng hpc dau tien d Chau Au thudng dupe Tiep Khic da goi trddng hpc luc bay gid la IP sat xac dinh tU thdi Hy Lap cd dai, theo Plutarch sinh tam hdn tre em Con Maria Montessori (mpt danh sT Hy Lap cd dai) - tre sd sinh chao ddi (Italia) thi vi tre em nhd nhdng bddm bi ghim ddpc dem den cac bo lao xem xet, neu phat hien vao mat ban cd dinh Ba phe phan phddng phap bit cd d| tat nao, cac bo lao se nem nd xudng giao due cd dien la ap dat, bit bupc tre em hpc KHGD so 52, thdng - 2010 ghiei curu nhung mon chi co tinh each li thuyet it lien quan den ngudi va xa hoi thuc tai Cho den cac nha li luan Trung Qudc hien dai nhan xet trddng hoc van bien vdi Idi day tram ngddi mpt khudn mat, nghin bai mpt kieu (thien nhan nhat dien) Tuy diem so kien thdc cua hpc sinh cac trddng khong each la may (deu dat 90-95%) nhdng nhu cau ca tinh tre em bi che lap (Triet hpc giao due hien dai 2008-tr 168, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due) Trong cac md hinh nha trudng truyen thdng nhd tren, khong cd cho ddng cho cai toi (nhu cau, hdng thu, ca tinh cua tre em) cua ca nhan Trddng hpc cua nhan each - Khi chu nghTa td ban ddi, mpt trao Idu td tddng nhan van ve ngddi nd rp Nha triet hpc nha van Phap Jeans Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) da dddc xem nhd tieu bieu cua trao Idu tren, cudn sach "Emile hay la ve giao due da ddpc xem nhd la kinh ve quan diem giao due td dd la cudn sach hay nhat va quan nhat cua ong, nd da cd mot tam anh hddng lau dai den nhdng nha li luan giao due sau nay: Pestalozzi, Frobel, Macarenco, Dewey, Freinet, L.Tolxtoi, Claparede, Piaget Td tddng nhan ban dd da kich thich hp, la nguon gpi cam hdng ddi dao cho den ca nay, du cho ngddi ddi van gieu cpt va dam tieu Rousseau khong phai la nha giao due: nao la dng da gdi cac vao trai te ban, nao la ong dau cd md trddng hpc, ma chi la mpt gia sd khong may dat Sdthdc td tddng giao due cua Rousseau la tiep ndi tinh hoa cua td tddng tien bp va tieu bieu cua thdi dai luc bay gid Rousseau da vay mdpn y tddng cua cac hpc gia tai gidi dddng thdi va cua cac tien nhan vT dai (Montaigue, Helvetius, Lock) Thien tai cua Rousseau la da ket ndi va khai quat nen mpt he thdng va ddi mdi ong dda luan thuyet ve ban nguyen long tot cua ngddi Ong nhin nhan giao due nhd la mpt dang mdi cua the gidi qua trinh bien ddi lich sd Rousseau bac bd tat ca cac phddng phap va pha vd tat ca cac khudn mau vdn ap dat tre em va tuyen bd tre em sinh khong phai de trd mpt cai gi dd khac ngoai so phan da dinh doat, "Hay tao sd giao due hpp vdi ngddi chd ddng hdp vdi nhdng cai khdng phai ngddi Cac ban khong nhan thay rang neu chi nhao nan ngddi vdi nhat mpt trang thai KHGD so 52, thdng - 2010 • Khoa hoc Gido due thi se la vo dung moi tinh hudng khac" Ngddi ta cho rang Rousseau da khdi xddng va tao mot "cupc each mang Copernic" giao due, da lay tre em lam tieu diem the hien qua trinh giao due, thdi mpt luong sinh mdi giao due vdn nghet thd luc bay gid Td tddng giao due td nhien cua Rousseau da cd sdc hap dan la lung ddi vdi cac nha li luan sd pham va tam li Claparede d Dai hpc Geneva da bd tien tdi lap mpt Vien nghien cdu tam li nhi ddng lay ten Hpc vien J.J.Rousseau vao nam 1912, J.Piaget da lam thd ki d day va nam 1921 trd vien trddng vien Song ngddi ta cho ring chinh Piaget mdi la ngddi dau tien da suy nghT nghiem tuc ve tre em Ong da quan sat tre em la ba dda cua minh (sinh nam 1925, 1927, 1931) hang ngan lan, ong theo doi, quan sat can than ghi lai Idi ndi, hanh dpng cua tre em xem chung dang theo dudi tim hieu nguyen nhan xay cua cac sdvat Mpt nhdng thdc nghiem ndi tieng cua ong la hdi dda tre cai gi tao gid - Piaget: Chau cd biet cai gi tao gid khdng? - Julia: Cay a, thda bac - Piaget: Lam chau biet? - Julia: Chau nhin thay chung vay tay - Piaget: Chung tao gid bing each nao? - Julia: Julia vay tay trddc mat ong - Nhd the Vi chung to hdn va cd nhieu cay hdn - Piaget: Cai gi tao gid d dai dddng? - Julia: Gid thdi tddat, a khong, song tao Piaget nhan ring niem tin cua be Julia tudi khong dung theo tieu chuan cua ngddi Idn nhdng cung khong phai la khong dung Chung hoan toan dddc suy xet va ro rang cd che suy nghT cua tre em, tre em chi thdc sd hieu biet chung td sang tao, chung se bi xuc pham ap dat cai dung cua ngddi Idn, mdi chung ta day chung qua nhanh, chung ta da lam can trd sd tai tao cua chung Ding sau ve dep hdn nhien tre thd, chung cd nhdng suy xet that ki thu khong gidng ngddi Idn: Vat to thi ndi, vat nhd thi chim, mpi cai bien mit ta khong nhin thay, mat trang mat trdi chay theo ta Einstein dac biet chu y tdi phat hien cua em be tudi: ta chay cang nhanh thi cang tiet kiem thdi gian, td dd mpt y nghT loe sang: khong cd thdi gian ton tai ngoai khong Khoa hoc Gido due gian, vu tru co mot chieu thu" 4: khong thdi gian sdm td bao thai Nhd cd tien bp ve kinh Ban than Piaget chda bao gid cho minh la hien vi dien td va kT thuat laze ngddi ta cd the nha tam li hpc tre em, song nhung phat hien cua quan sat dac dddc cac phan xa cua thai nhi ong ve quy luat nhan thUc cua tre da tac dpng Theo Peter Hepper (Ireland), thai nhi vao tuan sau sac den sd thay ddi giao due thd 7-8 da cd cd dpng diu tien, tuan le 15-20 Giao due khong phai la kien thdc ap dat ma biet phan dng vdi am thanh, tdtuin 20 phan Ung phai ton va theo quy luat phat then cua tre vdi anh sang, tuan thU 30 biet phan biet dddc em, can ton cai toi cua ca nhan va Thdc nghiem phat tieng coi xe de phin Theo V.Putin mpt bai phat bieu gan xa cua thai nhi - lin diu phat tieng: Bao thai day (bao An ninh the gidi thang 9/2009, tr.3), thi md mit, chan tay quo quang nhd tim kiem vat gi, cai tdi mdi dddc chu y dac biet hai the ki gan day nhip tim tang len, phat lai nhieu lan, thai nhi Nhd vay, the gidi cd bp mat nhd vdi tat quen din va khong cd phin dng nao, sau thay ca sir vi dai cung nhu nhung yeu kem cua nd ddi phat lan lai cd phan Ung nhu trudc Nhu vay "khong cd sd ngudng vong cai toi thi se khong cd la thai nhi da biet nhd, va biet nhd la cd kha Newton, Shakespeare, Putskin, Napoleon va nang hpc hdi Nghe sT vu nd Nga la Isadora, ngudi da cung khong the co nhdng ki dieu su phat then kT thuat, cua cai, thuong mai hien nay" sang tao md dudng xay ddng nganh mua hien Cung chinh vi vay ma giao due phai cd sU dai ndi tieng cua Nga, tudi da vao trddng nghe menh lam bpc 16 het sUc manh cai toi cua mdi tre thuat, me la nghe sT, tdi thddng choi dan piano em, nhu thu cua Bac Hd gdi thieu nhi vao nhac Bettoven, Mozar, Chopin va dpc tho cho dip khai trudng dau tien cua nUdc Viet Nam dpc nghe Ba ndi: "Neu hdi toi hpc mua td bao lap 1945: "Td cac chau co may man dupe gid thi toi dap td bung me" hudng mpt nen giao due lam nd het nSng Idc Ngay nay, cac nha marketing da thinh nhay san cd cua cac chau" nhanh chdng sd dung phat kien khoa hpc dd vao Mpt nha trddng tien tien hien dai phai la viec buon ban Theo Korea Time co 3000 giam trddng hoc cua nhan each ddc tiep thi cua 12 nddc (Han Qudc, Tay Ban Hpc tap - mat trdi lung linh gida thien Nha, Canada, Nam Phi, Phap, Ai Cap) da tham dudng gia khao sat deu cho thay ngddi me mang thai Dupe hpc hdi va yeu thddng vdn la nhu cau neu nghe nhin den mdc nao dd cac thong diep Idn lao va khat vong khong bao gid du sau nhd am thanh, tieng chuong leng keng, bieu tham cua moi ngddi Dieu dd cung nhan thay trdng san pham tieu dung nao tren man hinh bdi le rat ddn gian la khong biet hpc hdi, khong ti vi thi 77% tre mdi sinh da nhan biet cac dau ddpc hpc hdi thi ngddi se khong ton tai, hieu cua sin pham tren va td da thich cac san khong biet yeu thddng thi ngddi se ddn dpc pham dd it cho den tudi day thi Tdcac ket qua nhd be va chang song ddpc vdi ai, ke ca song dd, hang Toyota da san xuat cac loai xe hdi vdi cd cay, dong song va bau trdi chdi, hang Sharp san xuat td dien kT thuat so, May thay thien nhien ban tang cho game, MP3 cho tre choi nim ngddi mpt tiem nang hpc hdi va yeu thddng that noi Cac nha quang cao da cong viec to Idn Aristot da viet: "Ban chat ngddi la gianh giat ngUdi tieu dung the he Z (sinh nam khao khat ddpc hieu biet" Con Khdng Td ndi: 1996) Khoa hpc da dddc van dung de kich thich "Tre khdng hpc, Idn biet lam gi? (au bat hpc, lao danh giat tre td bung me khong nhim vao vi) Shakespeare ndi: "Hoc tap nhu mat trdi toan hpc hay nghe thuat ma phd cap each tieu xai, hddng thu, ma cd tieu xai nhd tdc hien lung linh gida thien dudng" cua Au My thi loai ngddi phai cin den trai dat - Hpc hdi ching bao gid la sdm, ching bao gid la mupn Co mpt thieu phu dit dda tre tudi mdi cung dng kip Chung ta dang ngpp thd den gap Darwin hdi: "ThUa ngai dda tre can quing cao, van hoa tieu dung He sinh thai dupe giao due tU bao gid?" Ong tra Idi: "ThUa can bing bi pha vd lam tao hoa dang ndi gian ve long tham va sd ngu ngdc cua ngddi thien phu nhan mupn rdi dd - mupn hdn nam" Thdc vay tre em cd kha nang hpc hdi rat nhien dang tri thu chung ta (Engel) KHGD so 52, thdng - 2010 hpc Gido due Bo nao - chie'c khung cua huyen bi Moi dong vat mudn ton tai deu phai hpc hoi de thich dng vdi hoan canh song luon luon thay ddi ma ching rieng gi ngddi Cac chuyen gia nghien cdu ve tinh tinh 50 nam gin day da khing dinh: vat cung biet hpc hdi va ching rieng gi ngdd; mdi cd nen van hoa Khdng phii nhat ngudi mdi biet tu ma chi nhat ngUdi ngao man nghT chi minh mdi biet tu Con Macca tren dao Kashima (Nhat ban) 18 thang tudi da biet rda khoai dinh diy cat nUdc bien, IQ quan sat me chung rdi hpc, sau ba the he nao khong rda khoai tay se bi an vai cai phat vao mong Chi ddc gia la bao thu nhat chdng lai Cung theo each dd nhung se ngd d Anh biet md nip chai sda dd se ngd d Phap khong biet lam Cac Nokolo Koba (Sennegal) biet lpc nude qua cat de loai bd yeu to benh cd nddc ao (xem "Cau chuyen hay nhat ve dpng vat 2005" - tr.255) Kha nang hpc hdi cua dpng vat la nhd bp nao, ma nao ngudi bien hoa va phat then hon nhieu, bp nao ngUdi la mpt bi an Idn ma den khoa hpc da biet chda dddc bao nhieu Nd bao gdm khoang 100 ti no ron than kinh, mdi te bao cd nSng tham gia vao mpt chudi ket ndi phdc tap hang ngan lan vdi so Idpng 1028 cac khe din hoa chat tiet truyen di mpt tram nghin tin nhin la binh thddng (xem Tony Buzan 2008, tr.196) Theo Charles Sherrington (nha than kinh hpc ndi tieng) mo ta: Bp nao ngddi la chie'c khung cdi huyen bi, vdi hang trieu thoi lap lanh udn Idpn det cac vet sang hoa quyen vao ket nhdng hoa van mach lac, nhdng khdng he on dinh, ching khac gi dai thien hoa vao vu khuc cua vu tru Vi vay, chda sd dung het tiem nang cua bp nao ma chi khai thac td 2-10% Niem tin - trdi cua cai toi Ngay nay, cung mong mudn cho dda cua minh Idn ngudi khoe manh, trang kien, thdng minh, giau cd va cd le cung biet thong minh la d diu 6c hay cu the hon la bp nao The rdi tren man hinh ti vi, tren trang quing cao cua bao chi day i p nhdng thong tin ve thUc an bd nao, vitamin thong minh Song thong minh nhieu hay it la d cac dudng din ket ndi cac no-ron thin KHGD so 52 thdng - 2010 kinh Ching cd phep miu nao khac mpt moi trudng tich cue, cham sdc diy yeu thudng - vdi che dp dinh dddng hdp li, dieu quan la tre em cin ddpc khuyen khich, kich thich lien tuc dung luc de cac ndi dan ay phat then va ket ndi nhieu hon Tre em sinh rat thong minh, moi thdc day thddng hao hdc kham pha nhdng dieu mdi la cua the gidi ki dieu xung quanh, dd la nha kham pha td nhien ching bao gid sp set, ching bao gid sp sai, moi la mpt cupc hanh trinh phieu dieu mdi, kham pha mdi Chinh cha me la nhdng ngddi hd trp, khuyen khich va chia se nhdng tdu mdi cua tre em Thien tai bit dau bing sd say me va cung ket thuc bing say me, khong cd say me, khat vong tim toi kham pha thi ching co thien tai nao ca Bp nao tre em co kha nang hpc tap phi thddng, tat ca la md bong bong no-ron dang chd ket ndi vao tri dc Cac ket ndi ay nam dau ddi la rat quan Cac canh cda co hpi md ra, hoSc sd dung hoac danh mat no Cac ket ndi dd ddpc thuc day bdi hanh dpng vi vay tre phai ddpc song moi trddng hpc tap tich cdc, khuyen khich, kich thich tim tdi kham pha Mpt moi trddng hpc tap thuan Ipi la moi trddng tich cdc giau cam xuc, mpt moi trddng cho tre em, moi trddng mang tinh khich le va vui ve Trong moi trddng ay tre em cam nhan ddpc sd yeu thddng va sdton va hinh long tu tin Niem tin la trdi de thd cua cai toi dang dupe khing dinh, khong gi tac dpng te hai va tieu cue cho cai toi hdn sd che bai bao tre em la ke ngu dot, that bai, d nha bd me la ngUdi thiy diu tien, thi d trudng thay giao co giao phai la ngddi tao moi trddng than thien yeu thdong va xay ddng niem tin cho tre em, giao due la viec phai lam rat nhieu hon day tap dpc, tap viet, lam tinh Thay giao - huan luyen vien day trach nhiem O bat cd thdi dai nao, td xda den thiy giao deu la ngddi ddpc kinh ton vinh, du hien vi the thiy giao giam sut, nhien cac thien tai, cac cong ti Idn dat deu nhd cd mpt hay nhieu ngddi thiy gidi Cd mpt cau chuyen ve quan he thay trd, gin day lang quin vpt the gidi, tay vpt dang ddng hang dau the gidi ngddi Thuy ST la Nada Federer dat ddpc danh hieu cao da vpi tuyen bd anh khong Khoa hpc Gido due can den huan luyen vien va chia tay ngddi thay cua minh - The nhdng chi it lau sau anh lai phai tim va mdi thay sa sut ve phong dp thi dau Phai chang day la trddng hdp khong thay may lam nen? Lam nd nhdng nang Idc vdn cd cua ngddi la mpt sd menh cao vien va thieng lieng Ta lai nhd den y tddng vl dai ve phddng phap ba dd tri tue cua Socrate, dieu dd doi hdi khong nhdng mpt tai nghe (kinh nghiem, kien thdc, sd khon kheo) ma can mpt tam long yeu thdong ngddi Idn lao O Phap cd cau chuyen than ddng Athur dd la cau be cd bd la ngddi Madagatca me la gdc Phap, tudi da phd thong cd sd, 12 tudi tu tai, 14 tudi cd nhan toan Theo cac chuyen gia ngoai nang khieu thi dieu chu yeu cua ket qua la cac dat dan cua ba me va cac thay giao vdi long yeu thddng vo bd ben Trong nen giao due truyen thdng, thay giao la ngddi bao che tre em, thay giao la ngddi dat dan huan luyen Hinh nhan each la qua trinh tai sinh (Piaget), giao due la qua trinh sinh de (Guy Pamade), cac nha giao due Canada goi hoc sinh la ngddi thd cua chinh minh Trong he thdng trddng hoc, thay co giao la ngddi huan luyen day trach nhiem va yeu thddng, song cung khong the la ngddi ap dat, cung khong the la ngddi hpc hp, lam thay Chung ta cd the tham khao nhdng suy nghi sau day: La nha giao due - Khong phai la ngddi bat tre phuc vu minh Ma la ngddi phuc vu tre - Khdng phai la ngddi d dang cap du viet Ma la ngddi quan tam den ngddi - Khong phai la ngddi thdc hien dieu gi cho tre Ma la ngddi cung tre soan thao va xay ddng - Khdng phai la ngddi khang khang: theo nguyen tic Ma la ngddi biet kiem che va ndi: ve nguyen tic - Khong phai la ke mac ca tinh cam vdi tre Ma la ngddi lam cho tre cam tinh vdi minh - Khdng phai la ngddi cai gi cung chap nhan Nhdng la ke hieu biet ddpc tat ca - Khong phii chi la ngddi biet quyet ma khong can nghe Ma la ke biet ling nghe va xet doan - Khong phai la ngddi noi het nhdng gi minh biet, Ma la ngddi biet ro dieu gi minh cin ndi - Khong phai la ke cao ngao len gipng, Nhdng phai la ngddi biet khdi gdi thao luan - Khong phai la ngddi lam rac rdi sd gian don, Ma biet ddn gian hoa sd ric rdi - Khong phai la ngddi de ngh| phddng each song, Nhdng la ngddi mang lai y nghia cho le song C6 rat nhieu dieu tddng nhd ddn gian cd td cd xda da quen thupc, nhdng da trd chan li ma ta co the tham khao di tim mpt md hinh giao due hien dai Bac Hd da tdng nhac nhd phddng phap day hpc lam cho tre em chdi ma hpc, hpc ma chdi Hpc vui, vui ma hpc, day hpc lam cho hpc sinh hieu nhanh, nhd lau ma cac nha khoa hpc nghien cdu ve giao due gin day mdi ban den: Di hpc hanh phuc, phddng phap sieu tdc, hoc mau, nhd le, cong, hoc tap dinh cao Cac vi nhan cua nhan loai la bac thiy cua hang tram the he TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO Plutarch, Nhung anh co dai Hy Lap NXB Tre, HCM.2003 Nguyen Oang Tien, Nha truong thong Viet Nam qua cac thdi ki lich sir NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia, Ha Ndi,2001 Michael J Gilb, Kham pha thien tai ban NXB Lao dong Xa hdi, Ha Npi,2008 Luong Vi Hoang - Khong Khang Hoa, Triet hpc giao due hien dai (Bui Due Thiep dich), NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 2008 ' Colin Rose Malcom J Nichel, Ki nang hoc sieu tdc NXB Lao dpng Xa hpi Ha Npi, 2009 Cau chuyen hay nhat ve ddng vat, NXB The gidi, 2008 SUMMARY The school nowadays has an important mission of promoting development potentials in the humans that is the school of personality In this article the author briefs personality development by children through tradition school models (monarchy chief school): from that the author presents the development of personality school The author emphasizes that a modern school shall be school of personality in which childrens potentials shall wakening up respected and childrens esteem should be built, the teacher should be the responsible trainer KHGD so 52, thdng - 2010