54 Khoa hoc Chfnh trj • Qiao iuc ''''Ddo tgo DE GIANG DAY MON Tl/ Tl/dNG HO CHI MINH HIEU QUA HdN Pham Dinh Dat''''*'''' Giang day tfl tfldng Ho Chi Minh la truyen dat, giao due cho ngfldi hpc mpt tfl tfldng l[.]
54 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj • Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tgo DE GIANG DAY MON Tl/ Tl/dNG HO CHI MINH HIEU QUA HdN Pham Dinh Dat'*' iang day tfl tfldng Ho Chi Minh la truyen dat, giao due cho ngfldi hpc mpt tfl tfldng ldn cua lanh tu vi dai, nha chien Iflpc thien tai va to chflc thflc tiin kiet xua't, ddng thdi la tac gia ly luan loi lac cua each mang Viet Nam, cua phong trao cpng san va cong nhan qud^c te Noi dung tfl tfldng, phflang phap tfl duy, dao ddc sang, mau mflc cua Ngfldi khong chi la tai san tinh than to ldn cua Dang va dan tpc ta ma la tai san tinh than to ldn cua nhan dan yeu chupng boa binh tren the gidi Vi vay, viec nghien cflu, giang day va hpc tap tfl tfldng Ho Chi Minh vdi thai dp, tinh than thflc sfl nghiem tuc, khoa hpc, sang tao, dung vdi ban chat each mang ciia chinh tfl tfldng, cuoc ddi Ngfldi thdi dai la viec lam ta't yeu mang lai nhflng G '"' TS Triet hpc, Hpc vien Chinh tri - Hanh chinh khu vUc II, Hpc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi Minh gia tri to ldn ca ve ly luan va thflc tien Nham tao sfl chuyen bie'n manh me, tfl giac cua mdi ngfldi, cac cap, cac nganh tfl Trung flang den dia phflang viee n h a n thdc va van dung sang tao tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, 27/03/2003, Ban BI thfl da Chi thi sd 23/CT/TlJ ve "Ddy mgnh nghien cdu, tuyen truyen, gido due tu tuang Ho Chi Minh giai dogn mdi"; 25/04/2003, Ban Tfl tfldng - Vdn hda Trung flang cd van ban hfldng ddn thflc hien Chi thi Day la sfl kien quan trpng ddi sdng chinh tri va cdng tdc tfl tfldng, ly luan eua Dang giai doan hien Thflc hien trach nhiem nang ne nay, dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac ly luan ndi ehung va giang vien mdn Tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh ndi rieng phai chd trpng tren nhieu mat mdi cd the hoan t h a n h tdt cdng tac nghien cflu, giang day, tuyen truyen, giao due ve tfl tfldng, dao ddc Hd Chi Minh Sau day, xin dflpc de cap den m o t so' y e u c a u c u t h e : Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tgo Thit nhat, ndm vitng nhitng nguyen ly, pham trU, quy luat cua chu nghia Mdc-Lenin Yeu cau tren dflpc xuat phat tfl chinh npi dung tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh Dai hdi IX cua Dang da khang dinh: tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh la ket qua cua sfl van dung va phat trien sang tao chu nghia Mac-Lenin vao dieu kien cu the nflde ta Chu nghia Mac-Lenin la nen tang ly luan chu yeu, quan trpng, the gidi quan, phflang phap luan cua tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh Ndi each khac, tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh la nhflng tfl tudng ca ban ve CNXH khoa hpc dflpc van dung vao Viet Nam Vi vay, giang day tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, giao vien can thau tdm va hieu dflpc eai tinh than chinh yeu, thflc chat cua nhflng nguyen ly, quy luat, pham tru ca ban cua chu nghla Mac-Lenin Tren ca sd ly giai, phan tich lam sang td nhflng luan diem ca ban giup cho ngfldi hpc nhan thdc diing ca sd khoa hpc, ndn tang ly luan quan trpng cua tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh, phan biet dflpc dau la luan diem, nguyen Iy cua C.Mae, Ph.Angghen, V.I.Lenin, dau la sfl van dung, phat trien sang tao cua Hd Chf Minh Qua dd, tflng bfldc hinh cho ngfldi hpc nang Iflc tfl sang tao viec nghien cdu va van dung ly luan vao thflc t i i n , nham giai quydt nhflng van de cupe sdng xa hpi dat Dd chinh la edi dich ma ca giao vien va ngfldi hpc tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh can dat dflpc Chang ban, ndi ve bfldc di cua thdi ky qua dp len CNXH d Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh da chi rd: "Ta xay dflng CNXH tfl hai ban tay t r a n g di len thi '" Ho Chi Minh, Todn tap, t.l2, Nxb CTQG, HN 2009, tr.567 i2,va(3 Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.8, tr.226 va 228 '" Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.3, tr.83 55 - Khoa hoc Chinh trj khd khdn cdn n h i l u va lau dai"'" "CNXH khong the lam mau dflpc ma phai lam dan dan"'2', "tien len CNXH, khdng the mpt sdm mdt chieu"'^', ndi di la chu quan va se t h a t bai Nhflng ldi chi giao cua Ngfldi nghe t h a t nhe nhang, khong can dai ngdn, nhflng d i hieu va d i tiep thu Co sd ly luan eua nhflng ehi ddn dd dflpc xua't phdt tfl nhieu nguyen ly chu nghia Mac-Lenin Do la quan diem vat bien chflng ve md'i quan he gifla vat chat va y thflc, gifla Iflpng va chat Theo tridt hpc Mae, vat chat va y thdc c6 md'i quan he bien chflng, dd, vat chat gifl vai trd quydt dinh Vi vay, n h a n thflc va boat ddng thflc tien, ehung ta phai xua't phat tfl thflc td khach quan, tdn trpng va hanh dpng theo quy luat khdch quan Mdi trfldng, dieu kien, phflang tien, quan he vat chat cung cae quy luat la nhflng nhan to cd y nghia quydt dinh den muc tieu, bfldc di va nhflng giai phap boat dpng thflc t i i n cua ngfldi Ne'u giang vien mdi hieu qua loa, dai khai, khdng nam vflng nhflng nguyen ly, quy luat, pham tru cua chu nghia Mae-Lenin, dac biet la chfla di sau nam bat dflpc tinh t h a n ea ban, cd't ldi, bdi canh ddi eua nhflng luan diem kinh dien, chi giao cua C.Mae, Ph.Angghen, V.I.Lenin va Hd Chf Minh thi se lam mat di tinh khoa hpc, t h a m chi cdn giang sai tfl tfldng cua ngfldi sang lap Dang va Nha nflde Viet Nam Day qua t h a t la mdt dieu rat nguy hiem Bdi vi dd la sfl gido due ly luan sai, ma gido due sai cdn tai hai ban ca khdng giao due De cap van de nay, Hd Chi Minh da tflng canh bao: "mdt sfl ngu dot lam phdt sinh mdt sfl ngu ddt khac va mdt sai lam gay nen cac sai lam khdc"'^' Vi vay, yeu cau gido vien giang day phai n a m vflng, lam sang td nhflng 56 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj nguyen ly, pham tru, quy luat cua chu nghla Mac-Lenin dflpc van dung, the hien tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh Dieu d6 khong c6 nghia la bien gid giang Tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh t h a n h gid giang Triet hpc, Kinh td ehinh tri hay CNXH khoa hpc De dat dflpc hieu qua cao giang day, theo ndi dung tfl tfldng, thdi gian, dd'i tflpng nghe giang, ngfldi giao vien can tidn h a n h phan tfeh, lam sang to nhflng nguyen ly, quy luat, pham tru cua cac hpc thuydt n6i tren cho phu hpp Thd hai, hieu ditcfc phong cdch tit Ho Chi Minh Muon ngfldi hpc tiep thu dflpc tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, nang cao phflang phap tfl khoa hpc thi giang vien phai nam chdc va giup eho hp hieu den mdc nhieu nhat phong each tfl cua Ngfldi Phong each tfl eua Hd Chi Minh d day vdi tU each la ddi tflpng nghien cflu, theo toi, c6 nhitng dac diem sau: - Xudt phdt td Igi ich, hgnh phuc cua nhdn ddn lao dpng Toan bp cupe ddi va sfl nghiep the hien hoat dpng thflc t i i n , cung nhfl qua cae thao tac tfl cua Hd Chi Minh la vi lpi ich va h a n h phuc cua n h a n dan Ngay bfldc chan xudng tau bien Latuso Torevin vdi ten gpi mdi la Vdn Ba, Ngfldi da xdc dinh di xem nflde Phap va cac nflde khac hp lam dn nhfl thd nao, de ve se giup ddng bao minh CJ Hd Chf Minh, dpc lap cua To qud'c va tfnh flu viet cua CNXH nha't thidt phai dflpc the hien cu the t h a n h lpi fch, hanh phuc eua n h a n dan Ngfldi nha'n manh: "Chung ta tranh dflpc tfl do, ddc "' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.4, tr.l52 '"' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.lO, tr.l7 13! Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.5, tr.698 Qiao due - 'Ddo tgo lap rdi ma dan cfl chet ddi, chdt ret, thi tfl do, thi ddc lap cflng khdng lam gi"'" va "N6i mpt each tdm tdt, mpc mac, CNXH trfldc het nham lam cho n h a n dan lao ddng thoat n a n ban cung, lam cho mpi ngfldi ed cong an viec lam, dflpc am no va so'ng mdt ddi h a n h phue"'^' Day la nhflng luan diem chflng td tfl cung nhfl boat ddng each mang, thflc tien cua Hd Chi Minh deu xua't phdt tfl lpi Ich, h a n h phuc cda n h a n dan va nhdm phuc vu, dem lai nhflng gid tri vat chat va tinh than ay cho n h a n dan Khi ndi ve ban chat cua Nha nflde Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh da khang dinh: "nflde ta la nflde dan ehu" Vi thd, theo Ngfldi: "Bao nhieu Ipi fch deu vi dan Bao nhieu quyen ban deu cua dan Chfnh quyen tfl xa den Chinh phu trung flang dan cfl N6i t6m lai, quyen h a n h va Iflc Iflpng deu d nai dan"'-^' Nhfl vay, vdi Hd Chi Minh, lpi ich va h a n h phue eua nhan dan luon la diem khdi dau, la dieu quan xuyen, muc dfch suy nghi cung nhfl boat dpng thflc tien cua Ngfldi Day chfnh la diem ndi bat va r a t dpc ddo phong each tfl eua Hd Chi Minh - Bpc lap vd sdng tgo Ddc lap, sang tao la net dac trflng phong each tfl Hd Chi Minh Ldi tfl bat chflde, giao dieu, rap khudn kinh nghiem nflde ngoai la nhflng da'u hieu hoan toan xa la vdi phong each tfl cua Ngfldi Hd Chf Minh da nhan tha'y dflpc nhflng b a n che cua the he cha, anh minh va da vflpt len, khac phuc dflpc nhflng ban chd dd de chpn mdt hfldng di, muc dich, ly tfldng mdi phu hpp vdi xu the van dpng eua lich sfl va thdi dai Tinh dpc lap sang tao tfl Hd Chf Minh cdn dflpc thd hien rat rd va sinh ddng qua Chdnh ciiang vdn tdt va Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tao 57 - Khoa h o c Chfnh trj nhieu thay ddi, chuyen hfldng kip thdi va nhflng phan dodn, dfl cam mang tfnh tien tri Tai Hdi nghi Trung flang (khda II), Ngfldi da phan tfeh toan dien cupc chien tranh d Viet Nam va chi rdng: "Bay gid Phap thi dang n6i chuyen vdi ta, dd qud'c My thi dang bien ke thu chinh va trfle tidp, mui nhpn eua ta phai chia vao dd qud'c My"'^' Ngfldi eon dien giai nhflng van de chinh tri, thflc tien mdt each hai bfldc va sau sac nhfl sau: Phap vd dau My cang meo mat va dan dan trd t h a n h ke dich chinh cua quan dpi va nhan dan ta; nhieu Dien Bien Phu khac cua ehung ta dang dpi chdng Qua dung nhfl dfl doan cua Ngfldi, quan va dan ta da lam nen mdt tran "Dien Bien Phu tren khdng", ddnh tra cupc ban phd, oanh tac mien Bac bang may bay va vu hien dai cua de qudc My tien hanh vao dau thap nien 70 cua thd ky XX Khi ndi ve tri tue anh minh, man cam chinh tri dac biet, dfl doan thien tai cua Hd Chi Minh, eu Huynh Thue Khdng vidt: "Ngfldi than yeu, kinh men nha't cua ddng bao qud'c dan chung ta la Hd Chf Minh tien sinh La bac yeu nflde dai ehi si Chan di khap ndm chau, mat trdng xa van dam; n h a n rd thdi cudc, lang thdi ca"''" Cd Phd Chu tich nflde Nguyin Luang Bang da tflng cam nhan: "Tdi dpc tha ehue Tet cua Bdc va nghien ngam Iai thay Bac t h a t sfl la mdt nha tien tri""" Va, Tdng Bf thfl Dang Cdng san My Gdt Hdn cung het ldi than phuc, ea ngpi tam nhin xa trdng rpng eua Ngfldi Ong vidt: "Tam vi dai tfl tfldng cua Ngfldi, nhan quan sang sud't nhin xa tha'y rpng cua '" Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.8, tr.227 Ngfldi chi cd the bat ngudn tfl nhan thflc ''' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.7, tr.315 sau sac ve nhflng Iflc Iflpng thuc day sfl 131 va 141 Tran Duong, Hd Chi Minh - Nhd du bdo bien ddi cd tfnh chat bung nd nha't thien tdi, Nxb Thong tan, HN 2004, tr.l39toan bd cdng viee cua Ngfldi qua cdc thdi 140 va 135 , Sdch lugc vdn tdt, cung nhflng trfldc tac, Idi ehi gido cua Ngfldi ve each mang dan tpc, dan chu, each mang XHCN da dflpc thflc tien each mang nflde ta chdng minh la rat sang tao va dung dan Dac biet, each mang XHCN - mdt cupc each mang chfla e6 tien le lich sfl - Hd Chf Minh ludn nhac nhd mpi ngfldi phai suy nghi, tim tdi, sang tao, c6 phat kie'n, each lam mdi phu hpp vdi thflc tien sinh dong eua dat nflde De cap van de nay, Ngfldi ndi: phai hpc tap kinh nghiem ddi dao cua cac nflde anh em nhflng khdng the ap dung nhflng kinh nghiem ay mpt each may mdc, bdi vi nflde ta cd nhflng dac diem rieng va "khdng the gid'ng Lien Xo, vi Lien Xd ed phong tue tap quan khac, cd lich sfl dia Iy khac", "ta c6 the di dfldng khac de tidn len CNXH"'" - Thdy dugc mdi quan he giUa Men tgi vd tuang lai Hd Chi Minh khdng chi la nha tfl tfldng, Iy luan, ma cdn la ngfldi td chflc thflc tien kiet xua't va cd nhflng dfl bao thien tai Trong tfl eua Ngfldi, gifla hien tai va tflang lai ed md'i quan he bien chflng, tfl hien tai di den tflang lai, de cd tflang lai huy hoang thi hien tai phai xdc tidn va hoan t h a n h nhieu nhiem vu lich sfl Ngfldi ludn tran trd vdi hien tai, tim hfldng giai quydt cho hien tai, ddng thdi, tfl phai hfldng tdi, dfl cam va chuan hi cho tflang Iai mpi dieu kien, hoan canh D6 cung la mpt net dpc dao phong cdch tfl cua Hd Chi Minh Chinh vi vay, tren mdi chang dfldng each mang, thdi diem lich sfl cua dan tdc, Ngfldi ludn ed sfl ehi dao, e6 58 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri dai Ho Chi Minh ke't tinh ngfldi minh nhflng dflc tinh vi dai cua n h a n dan Viet Nam"'" Mdt sd dac diem ve phong each tfl eua Hd Chi Minh neu tren, hy vpng rang, it nhieu gpi md cho ngfldi dpc ddi dieu suy nghi ve viec day va hpc tfl tfldng Ho Chf Minh cho ed hieu qua thiet thflc, t r a n h phd trflPng, hinh thflc va sfl te nhat, n h a m chdn Thit ba, thitdng xuyen ndng cao phdm chat chinh tri vd dao ditc cdch mang Khdng ngflng n a n g cao kien thflc chuyen sau, toan dien ky n a n g sfl pham, dflc tinh nghe nghiep, pham cha't ehinh tri, dao dflc each mang la ta't yeu ddi vdi cac giang vien Vi vay, cd the ndi, ngfldi thay chan chfnh nao cung phai hpc tap cham chi, thfldng xuyen de bd tuc, nang cao kien thdc mdi ed the giang day td't Ngfldi giao vien Tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh cung vay Song, tinh cha't dac thu eua mdn hpe, viec n a n g cao pham chat chinh tri va dao dflc each m a n g phai dflpc quan t a m dac biet Bdi, day la mdn hpc ve tfl tfldng cua mpt lanh tu thien tai, mdt n h a n each ldn da di vao trdi tim cua trieu trieu ngfldi P h a m chat chinh tri ddi hdi mdi giang vien phai la ngfldi trung t h a n h vdi chu nghia Mdc-Lenin va sfl nghiep each mang giai phdng dan tpc, giai '1' Bao Nhdn ddn, 17/09/1969 '2' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.5, tr.287 '•^' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.l, tr.263 Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tgo phdng giai ca'p, ddi mdi theo dinh hfldng XHCN de phat trien ma Dang ta da va dang tien h a n h P h a m chat chfnh tri dflpc the hien d sfl m a n cam ve tinh hinh chinh tri, tinh te, sac viec nam bat, ly giai cac hien tflpng chinh tri phflc tap nflde va t r e n the gidi Khdng nhflng the giang vien tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh cdn phai la ngfldi di dau cdng viec thflc hien dfldng ldi, chii trflPng, chlnh sach cua Dang va phap luat cua Nha nflde Chinh dao dflc, tac phong, ldi sdng lanh m a n h sang cua giao vien cd y nghia r a t ldn viec nang eao tinh thuyet phuc eua bai giang Ho Chi Minh cung da tflng nhac nhd chiing ta phai t r a n h tinh trang: "Chi biet noi la ndi, ndi gid qua gid khac, qua khac Nhflng mpt viec gi thiet thflc cung khdng lam dflpc"'^' Ngfldi nhan m a n h ve tfnh hieu qua va viec lam thflc te sinh dpng: "mpt ta'm gflPng sdng edn cd gid tri ban mdt tram bai diin van tuyen truyen"'^' Theo Hd Chi Minh, khdng nen ndi, thuyet trinh dai dong, vd bd, ma phai ehu trpng di den viec lam hflu Ich Thiet nghi, nghien cflu, giang day tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh, mdi gido vien can dac biet Iflu tam ldi chi ddn tam huyet cua Ngfldi tren day Theo chdng tdi, dd la nhflng yeu cau can thiet dd'i vdi ngfldi giang tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, chfla day du, nhflng neu dflpc giang vien qudn triet, thflc hien nghiem tdc thi chac chan cha't Iflpng va hieu qua nghien cflu, hpe tap tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh se dflpc n a n g cao.Q fT % "Hoc ly luan khong phai de noi mep, nhi/ng biet ly luan ma khong thirc hanh la ly lu§n suong Hoc la de ap dung vao viec lam Lam ma khdng cd ly luan thi khong khac gl di mo dem tdi " Ho Chi Minh [Toan tap, t.6, Nxb CTQG, HN 1995 tr.47) ... cua tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh Ndi each khac, tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh la nhflng tfl tudng ca ban ve CNXH khoa hpc dflpc van dung vao Viet Nam Vi vay, giang day tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, giao vien can... tfldng Hd Chf Minh can dat dflpc Chang ban, ndi ve bfldc di cua thdi ky qua dp len CNXH d Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh da chi rd: "Ta xay dflng CNXH tfl hai ban tay t r a n g di len thi ''" Ho Chi Minh, Todn... Ngfldi nha''n manh: "Chung ta tranh dflpc tfl do, ddc "'' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.4, tr.l52 ''"'' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.lO, tr.l7 13! Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.5, tr.698 Qiao due - ''Ddo tgo lap rdi ma dan cfl