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Kieu Thi Khimh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 71(9) MOT SO GIAI PHAP GOP PHAN NANG CAO C H A T LUONG THUC HANH VAT Li DAI CUONG CHO SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN Kilu[.]
Kieu Thi Khimh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 71(9): MOT SO GIAI PHAP GOP PHAN NANG CAO C H A T LUONG THUC HANH VAT Li DAI CUONG CHO SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP- DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN Kilu Thi Khanh' rnrang Dgi hpc Ky ihiidl Cdng nghiep Dgi hue Thai \guyeii i TOMTAT Vat li la mon khoa hoc thuc nghiem Thi nghiem thuc hanh vat li la mot phan quan trgng khong thi thilu cua mdn hoc vat li 31ii nghiem thuc hanh vat li khdng nhung gdp phan hinh kien thiic cho sinh vien ma cdn gdp phan ren luyen tac phong thuc nghiem khoa hoc, xay dung phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc cSn thiet cho ngudi lam cdng tac nganh khoa hoc ky thuat Chinh vi vay, nhiim gdp phiin nang cao chat lugng va ren kT nang thuc hanh thi nghiem vat li biii bao dl cap din viec lua chgn chuong trinh, hoan thien noi dung va phuang phap td chirc thuc hanh mgt sd bai thi nghiem vat li dai cuong cho sinh vien trudng Dai hoc Ky thuat Cdng nghiep - Dai hoc Thai Nguyen Til' khoa: Thi nghiem vdi ly dgi cuang, chdt lugng thuc hdnh, veil li dgi cuang td chirc thuc hdnh kT ndng thuc hdnh MO DAU Ddi vdi cac Irudng ky Ibuat nhieu mdn bgc lien quan den ihiel ke che lao cac thiet bj ky tluial ngu'di ta thudng gap nhieu khd khan thir nghiem Khi dd thi nghiem d u g c sir dung nhu la p h u o n g tien lao co' sd cho viec dao lao ky nang nghe nghiep Cd the ndi thye hanh lhi nghiem la mdt hinh t h i r c , t d chire dao lao quan trgng cac t r u d n g Dai bgc Khoa hoc 111 nhicMi vii ky thuat .,^ , , Cling cd mdt sd lac gia nghien ciru c h u o n g trinh thi nghiem vat ly dai c u o n g N h u n g cho den chua cd dc lai nao nghien cuu vi; c h u o n g trinh thi nghiem vat ly dai c u o n g ddi vdi sinh vien truinig Dai hge ky thuat Cdng nghiep - Dcii bgc Thai Nguyen ( O I l k l ' C N - DHTN ) N(,)l DUNCJ Thiic t r a n g cdng tac thi nghiem vat li dai cuong Doi vdi phan lhi nghiem Vcit li Aai cuong cua trudng Dl IK TCN - D H T N hien sinh vien dang lien biinh bai bao gdm cac phan: co', nhiel dien quang Ui va mdi bai ly thuyet sai sd Ciich tluic td cluic lhi nghiem: mdi sinh vien phai liim thi nghiem budi (6 • Tel:09S987929l: Email kieuUhiiihl9SI ugmail com tiet/budi) dd mdi budi phai tien hanh bcii thi nghiem Trudc day sinh vien nghien ciru biii trirdc o' nha lien banh thi nghiem va xu ly sd lieu dudi sy hudng dan ciia giao vien Qua qua trinh h u d n g dan sinh vien lien hcinh thi nghiem chimg ldi nhan thay mdi sd van dc sau: - Tai lieu hudng dan thi nghiem chi neu trinh ty thi nghiem ma chua hudng dan cu the viec thye hien limg bude lhi nghiem, dan tdi mgt sd sinh vien gap khd khan qua trinh Ur nghien ciru lai lieu - Nhieu sinh vien chira Ur giiic nghien ciru tai lieu trudc d nha neii khdng nam dugc muc dich va co' so' ly ihuycl cua bai lhi nghiem lung timg lien banh thi nghiem va xir ly sd lieu - Sd sinh vien/nhdm lhi nghiem ddng dan ldi nhieu sinh vien khdng true tiep dugc lam thi nghiem ma chi theo ddi va ghi ket qua Mat khac, nhieu sinh vien cd tinh than tich cyc hge hdi, mudn tim hieu sau vc kien thiic cung nhu ky nang thi nghiem thi lai khdng cd dieu kien Theo dieu tra ctia chimg tdi ddi vdi mot nhdm sinh \'ien (phdng van bang phieu dieu tra) ket qua ihu dugc lii: Kieu Thi Khanh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE +Ve viec dgc tai lieu hudng dan trudc budi thi nghiem: 58.3% sinh vien thinh thoang cd dgc tai lieu; 5% sinh vien khdng bag gid dgc tai lieu + Khi thye hanh thi nghiem: 13,3% khdng bao gid tien hanh thi nghiem; 45% ludn ludn tham gia lam lhi nghiem; Sd cdn lai thinh thoang ed lien hanh lhi nghiem + Khi viet bao cao thi nghiem: 6,7% chep lai loan bd bao eao ciia ban khac; 36,7% lay sd lieu eiia ban nhdm rdi ve viet bao cao Tien hanh dieu tra ngau nhien ddi vdi 73 bai bao cao thi nghiem cho ket qua: Diem dudi 4: chiem 1,4% Diem - 5.4: chiim 42,5% Diim 5,5 - 6,9: ehilm 43,8% Diim - , : chiim 10.9% Diim 8,5 -10: chiim 1,4% iTIiang diem theo chuong irinh lin chi) Tir thye trang thi nghiem neu tren cluing ldi de xual mdt sd giai phap nham gdp phan nang cao chat lugng thye hanh cho sinh vien trudng DHKTCN-DHTN De xuat mot so giai phap nham nang cao chat luong thuc hanh cho sinh vien Thir nhiit: Lya chgn cac bai bat bude va cac bai ty chgn Bd mdn vat li cua trudng DHKTCN - DHTN la nidi nhung bd mdn co' sd quan trgng chuang trinh dao tao Vat li la mdn khoa bgc nghien ciru cae hinh thuc van ddng CO ban nhat eiia vat chat, la ca sd ciia nhilu nganh khoa bgc ty nhien va cac nganh ky thuat nhu: che tao may, thilt bj san xuit va lieu thu dien Trong dd thye hanh lhi nghiem vat li giu vai trd rat quan trgng viec bgc tap bd mdn vat li, ddng thdi gdp phan ren luyen ky nang, nghe ky thuat cho sinh vien Tren ca sd dd chimg ldi lya chgn cac bai thi nghiem vat li cho dap img muc lieu dao tao mdn vat li ndi cluing va cac mdn bgc khac ndi rieng Tir ihyc trcing thi nghiem hien va tham khao chuong trinh thi nghiem ciia cac trudng 14 71(9): 16 ky thuat khac, chung tdi lya chgn bai bat buoc Dd la cac bai gan lien vdi kien thirc ca ban cua vat If ddng thdi tao dieu kien ren luyen ky nang thye hanh thi nghiem, sir dung may mdc cho sinh vien Do phan phdi chuong trinh cung nhu thdi lugng cho phep, ngoai cac bai ca ban chimg tdi lya chgn them mgt sd bai thi nghiem tu chgn nham md rgng va nang cao ky nang thuc hanh cho sinh vien Thii- hai: Ddi mdi each thirc td chirc hudng dan thf nghiem va each danh gia ket qua thye hanh Til' thye trang thi nghiem neu tren ta thay chat lugng thye hanh thi nghiem ciia sinh vien chua cao, ddi hdi phai cd su ddi mdi each Id chuc hudng dan thi nghiem cung nhu danh gia ket qua thye hanh de chat lugng thi nghiem dugc nang len, dap img muc tieu dao tao * Cdng tac td chuc hudng dan thi nghiem: - Giao vien phai tao mdi trirdng hge tap chii ddng sang tao cho sinh vien - Sd lugng sinh vien ciia mdi nhdm lhi nghiem ddng (15-20 sinh vien/ nhdm) ma dyng cu thi nghiem chi cd mgt bd nen phai chia nhd nhdm thf nghiem de tdi da sinh vien cd the tiep can vdi dung cu thi nghiem Cung cd the chia nhdm thi nghiem 2-3 nhdm nhd, mdi nhdm tien hanh mgt ngi dung ciia bai thi nghiem - Sinh vien phai chuan bj bai Inrdc d nha theo yeu cau cua giao vien - Giao vien kiem tra kien thirc sinh vien da chuan bj trudc vao tiln hanh thi nghiem - Giao vien dat cac cau hdi de sinh vien thao luan, giai thich tren ca sd ly thuylt dci dugc hge - Giao vien quan sal va hirdng din qua trinh tien hanh thi nghiem ciia sinh vien dong thdi kiem tra nhung hieu biet cua sinh vien vl bai thi nghiem - Neu cd thdi gian yeu cau sinh vien xii' ly so lieu tai lap, tir dd cd thi chi cho sinh vien nhung thilu sdt, sai lim d n trinh bay lam bao cao * Cdng tac danh gia kit qua tlurc hanh Kieu Thi Khanh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Chia cac diem phan vdi ty le nhu sau: 71(9): 16 Thir hai, ehiing ldi dya tren can cir de danh gia: + Sang tao viee thao luan: 10% - Ve mat djnh tfnh: dya tren su quan sat nhung bieu hien tich cue ciia sinh vien gid thi nghiem: + Chuan bj bai d nha: 20% + Viet ket qua bao cao thi nghiem: 60% [2] + Sinh vien tap trung ehu y, tu giac tien hanh thi nghiem Thu ha: Hoan thien ndi dung cac bai lhi nghiem + Tra ldi dimg cac cau hdi djnh hudng tai lieu cung nhu eae cau hdi giao vien dat lien quan den ndi dung ciia bai thi nghiem + lich cue thuc hien thi nghiem: 10% Tai lieu hudng dan thi nghiem hien neu: dung eu thi nghiem, co' sd ly thuyet, trinh ty thi nghiem eau hdi kiem tra ma chua neu dugc cae djnh hudng, hudng dan cu the viec thye hien timg birdc lam thi nghiem bai bao chiing tdi dua viec hudng dan sinh vien cac bude lam thi nghiem, cd djnh hirdng cu the bang he thdng cau hdi djnh hudng va cd nhung ket luan can thiel ve bai thuc hanh da lam nhd he thdng cau hdi kiem tra Mdi bai thi nghiem bao gdm nhung ndi dung sau: - Muc dich lhi nghiem; - cau hdi djnh hudng giiip sinh vien de dang tiep thu dugc cac kien thirc mdi bai thuc hanh; - Co' sd ly thuyet neu nhung ly thuyet chung nhat lien quan ldi bai thi nghiem va cac nguyen ly boat ddng ciia thiet bj do; - Dung cu lhi nghiem; - Trinh ty lhi nghiem neu cu the cac bude can thye hien va nhung dieu can chii y qua trinh lam thi nghiem de dat dugc muc dich cua bai thi nghiem; - Cac kel qua lhi nghiem can bao eao: hudng dan sinh vien biet each viet bao cao thi nghiem ngan ggn, rd rang, chinh xac ca sd Iy thuyet phuong phap xir ly sd lieu da thuc hanh va bien luan kel qua lim dugc; - cau hdi kiem tra giiip sinh vien hieu sau them bai thuc hanh va lu kiem tra kien thiic cua minh f I] [3] THUC NGHIEM SU PHAM De danh gia dugc chat lugng tlurc hanh vat ly sau van dung cac giai phap neu tren: Thir nhat cluing tdi da lien hanh lya chgn hai nhdm ddi cluing va hai nhdm llurc nghiem ed trinh tuang dirong (mdi nhdm 20 SV) + Van dung cac kien thirc ly thuyet de giai thich hien tugng vat ly, ket qua thye nghiem so vdi ket qua Iy thuyet - Ve mat djnh lugng: danh gia dya tren ket qua ciia cac bai bao cao thi nghiem sau sinh vien da hoan cac bai thi nghiem each xep loai nhu sau: Biem so O iem chu' 8.5-10 A Xep loai Gidi - 8,4 B Kha 5.5-6,9 C Trung binh 4-5,4 D Trung binh yeu