TRIET HOC, SO 1 (236), THANG 1 2011 TRAO DOI Y KIEN VAN Dl THOI GIAN TRONG PHflT GIAO VA VAT LV HOC HI€N DAI • • • • NGUYEN THI TOAN (*> Thai gian la vdn de luon thu hut sU quan tam nghien cdu cua nhi[.]
TRIET HOC, SO (236), THANG 1-2011 TRAO DOI Y KIEN VAN Dl THOI GIAN TRONG PHflT GIAO VA VAT LV HOC HI€N DAI • • • • NGUYEN THI TOAN *> ( Thai gian la vdn de luon thu hut sU quan tam nghien cdu cua nhieu nha triet hoc vd khoa hoc tU nhien lich sii tU ttfdng nhan loai Trong bdi viet nay, tdc gid da phdn tich mot cdch khdi qudt quan niem cua Phdt gido vd vdt ly hoc hien dqi ve thdi gian Theo tdc gid, cdch day xdp xi 2600 nam, Phdt gido da co cdi nhin khd sdu sac, doc ddo ve thdi gian, co nhieu diem tUdng dong ky la vdi nhiing kien giai khoa hoc vi thdi gian ciia vat ly hqc hien dqi Tuy nhien, giiia chung cung co nhieu diem di Met "Con ngUdi Id mdt sinh vdt nhdt biet minh phdi chet" L d i cua mot t r i e t gia p h a n anh n o i am anh, day dtit cua nguoi ve sti song va cai chet, cung la n h h n g am anh, day dut ve t h d i gian Thdi gian t r o i qua vo h i n h n h i i n g de l a i dau an sau dam t r o n g cac bien co' lich sh, t r o n g cac t h a n h qua cua n h a n loai Cau hoi ve t h d i g i a n v a n ha'p dan ngtidi qua m o i t h d i dai Bdi the, cac nha t r i e t hoc, vat l y hoc thtidng danh mot v i t r i nha't d i n h cho v a n de t h d i gian t r o n g cac cong t r i n h n g h i e n ctiu cua m i n h Cach day gan 2.600 nam, Phat giao da co mot cai n h i n k h a sau sac, doc dao ve thdi gian, t r o n g co n h i e u diem ttidng dong k y la vdi q u a n niem ve t h d i gian cua vat l y hoc h i e n dai V d i t i n h t h a n "cau ddng tdn di", viec t i m h i e u quan niem ve t h d i gian t r o n g Phat giao va vat ly hoc h i e n dai la de hieu t h e m ve nhting ttidng ddng, d i biet h a i nen van hoa Ddng - Tay n h a m xay dting mdt nen van hoa n h a n van, k h a i phdng va dung thdng t r o n g t h d i dai toan cau 44 hoa Q u a n n i e m v e t h o i g i a n t r o n g P h a t giao T t i gan 2000 nam T C N , ngtidi A n Do da danh mdt p h a n t a m t r i cua m i n h cho van de t h d i gian Trong k i n h Veda - bo k i n h cd nha't cua A n Do va nhan loai, thdi gian la v i t h a n Rudra huy diet sii sdng, ben canh t h a n Pham Thien sang tao sti sd'ng, t h a n V i s n u bao ve sti song Bdi the, am a n h ve thdi gian va khat vong viidt thoat sti am anh ay, cung cd nghia la k h a t vong viidt thoat cai chet, kiep l u a n hdi, ndi k h d dau nhan the ludn thtidng trtic t r o n g t a m hdn ngtidi A n T u y n h i e n , cai n h i n ve t h d i gian cua ho khong gid'ng vdi cai n h i n ve thdi gian cua ngtidi phtidng Tay Ngtidi A n khong sti van ddng cua sti vat ddng chay cua t h d i gian t t i qua k h t i den ttidng l a i bang n i e n dai c h m h xac Trong sh sach A n Dd, t h d i gian cua cac bien cd' thtidng chi dtidc t i n h ang chiing (*) Tien si, Trtfdng Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi V A N DE T H O I G I A N TRONG PHAT GIAO V A VAT L Y HOC H I E N D A I Vtidt len n h t i n g bien dich khong cung cua ddi sdhg, ngtidi an t r u y t i m mdt ban the v i n h hang, t i n h lang mien vien, khdng bien kien, t h i phi T t i ttidng dd the hien dam net t r o n g quan niem cua Phat giao ve t h d i gian V a n de t h d i gian t r o n g Phat giao dtidc xem xet mdt each k h a toan dien vdi ndi h a m phong phu, sau sac: t h d i gian qua tirng satna va t t i n g kiep; t h d i gian d k h i a canh khach quan va k h i a canh chu quan, t h d i gian t r e n phtidng dien tuc de (samaritil) va phtidng dien chan de (paramatha) a I Kiep va satna Phat giao thtidng dung h a i thuat ngti lam phtidng tien t h d i gian: kiep la ddn v i thdi gian ctic dai; satna la ddn v i thdi gian ctic tieu Kiep (kalpa) ddn v i thdi gian dai, dtidc Phat giao nguyen thuy chia t h a n h tieu kiep, t r u n g kiep, dai kiep M d i tieu kiep bang 16.800.000 nam M d i t r u n g kiep bang 20 tieu kiep nghia la bang 336.000.000 nam M d t dai kiep bang t r u n g kiep (thanh kiep, t r u kiep, hoai kiep, khdng kiep), nghia la bang 1.344.000.000 nam Sti lau dai cua mdt kiep dtidc v i n h t i thdi gian tang da vudng rdng 40 dam mdn het k h i b i chiec ao tien deu dan 100 nam mdt lan phat vao H a y giohg n h t i mdt cai ldn cd be cao va cac mat deu rdng 40 dam dting day hat cai, cti 100 nam lay mot hat cai, chting nao het t h i het mdt k i e p ( l ) Ve sau, cac bd phai Phat giao cd each phan chia ve kiep khac nhau, can cti vao t i n h chat, dd dai cua sti bien ddi cac sti vat khac L u a n D a i T r i dd chia kiep t h a n h Tieu kiep va D a i kiep; l u a n D a i T i ba sa chia t h a n h T r u n g gian kiep, T h a n h hoai kiep va D a i kiep; l u a n Cau xa chia T r u n g kiep, T h a n h kiep, D a i kiep va Hoai kiep; l u a n ChUdng sd t r i chia T r u n g kiep, T h a n h kiep, T r u kiep, D a i kiep, Hoai kiep, Khdng kiep Tuy nhien, v u t r u cd vd van the gidi ma sti t h a n h t r u cua the gidi la sti hoai khdng cua the gidi khac Bdi vay, thdi gian d nhting canh gidi khac cung khac M d t kiep the gidi Saba cua Phat Thich Ca bang dem the gidi Ctic lac cua Phat Adida, mdt kiep the gidi Ctic lac cua Phat Adida bang dem the gidi Casa trang cua Phat K i m A n Kien Ddn v i t h d i gian nhd nhat Phat giao la satna (ksana) Phat giao nguyen t h u y dung k h a i niem satna de chi sti bien ddi mau le, vd thtidng cua moi sti vat, hien ttidng the gidi K i n h Phat thtidng dung cum t t i satna vd thiidng Ve sau, cac bd phai Phat giao ban cu the hdn ve satna thuyet v i t r a n va thuyet satna Trong L u a n cau xa, The Than d i n h nghia satna la mot han k y ctic tieu de mdt the t i n h dtidc t t i u t h a n h va bien mat M d t satna bang 1/60 lan t r a n g si dtia canh tay va xep l a i M d t satna vat chat l a i bang 16 satna t t i ttidng, bdi sti bien doi cua t t i ttidng n h a n h hdn sti bien ddi vat chat Theo Dia tang phap so', mdt niem (mdt t t i ttidng) cd 90 satna Trong mdt satna cd 900 l a n sinh diet(2) 120 satna tiep ndi t h a n h mdt hang satna, 16 hang satna t h a n h mot lap phtidc, 20 lap phtidc t h a n h mdt gid (Pham Phan biet the gian - L u a n Cau xa) (1) Doan Trung Con Phdt hoc tie dien, til, Nxb Tp Ho Chf Minh, 1997, tr.108 - 109 (2) Doan Trung Con Phdt hoc tic dien Sdd., tr.726 45 NGUYEN T H I TOAN Viec phan biet t h d i gian bang k h a i niem kiep va satna chiing to nang liic cam n h a n t i n h te cua Phat giao ve sii bien ddi vd t h i i d n g t r o n g the gidi v i md va v i md bl Thdi gian vd thuy vd chung O gdc ban the ludn, t h l u a t vd thiidng va l y n h a n duyen, Phat giao xem xet t h d i gian t r o n g vd ciic Day la diem khac biet cd ban gitia Phat giao va Thien Chua giao Trong K i n h thanh, tuyen ngdn cua Chua: "Ta da tha ca de mdt ta quang hidi", "Ta da gieo ca lua m i va cd dai de mdt ta gat ve tat ca" ( K i n h C i i u tide) la l d i k h a n g d i n h thdi gian cd diem k h d i dau (ngay Chua sang the) va h d i ket thuc (ngay t a n the) Phan ldn cac tdn giao t r e n the gidi deu ban khoan t r u y t i m nguyen n h a n dau t i e n cua the gidi d mdt the liic t i n h t h a n td'i cao va khac khoai b i quan ve giay phut cud'i cung cua t a n the T r a i lai, bang ly nhdn duyen, Phat giao khdng t h i i a n h a n cd mdt t h d i gian td'i hau Thdi gian chang qua chi la ten goi cho stf tiep noi ttfdng tuc ciia nhan qua Dd la ddng van h a n h lien tuc cua thiic t a i khach quan, the h i e n qua sti bien ddi t r i e n mien cua van vat Thdi gian gan lien vdi sti van ddng cua moi sti vat, hien ttidng the gidi, vdi ddng chay cua cudc ddi: "Khdng mdt khoanh khac nao, mdt may may nao cua t h d i gian ma ddng sdng l a i khdng ngting t r d i chay" ( K i n h Tang chi I V ) H t i d n g ddng chay cua thdi gian qua ba thdi: qua k h t i , h i e n t a i va ttidng l a i N h t i n g the gidi la mdt t a m ltidi khdng - t h d i gian dan mac bdi vo so' cac sti vat h i e n tiidng ly nhdn duyen Bdi vay, ba t h d i dung thdng n h a u t r o n g t r t i n g t r u n g duyen 46 khdi T h d i gian t r o n g vdng t u a n hoan khep k m cua kiep l u a n hdi, khdng cd diem k h d i dau va khdng cd h d i k e t thuc (vd t h u y vd chung) Trong vdng l u a n hdi bat t a n dd, qua k h t i ndi t r d tiidng l a i ndi khac Cai chet thdi gian cung chi n h t i thay mdt bd y phuc the xac, n h t i h a t gid'ng r d i xud'ng da't lai moc len t h a n h cai cay, n h t i mat t r d i lan d phtidng Tay l a i moc len d phtidng Ddng vay c / Thdi gian tren phtfdng dien tuc de vd chdn de O gdc dp nhdn thdc ludn, Phat giao xem xet t h d i gian t r e n h a i phtidng dien: tuc de va chan de T r e n phtidng dien tuc de (samaritil) phtidng dien n h a n thtic cua nhting ngtidi b i n h thtidng, t h d i gian chia lam ba t h i : qua k h t i , h i e n t a i va tUdng lai, Phai H t i u bd cho rang, tam the thtfc hiiu, phdp the hang htfii (ba the gi6i thtic cd, phap the thtidng cdn) V i the gidi la thtic cd chti khdng p h a i la ao anh, nen sti t o n t a i cua t h d i gian qua ba thdi cung la mot thtic te T h d i gian tuan t t i t r d i chay theo ddng t u y e n t i n h t t i qua k h t i , qua h i e n t a i t d i ttidng l a i Tren phtidng dien chdn de (paramatha), phtidng dien t h d i gian cua ngtidi da giac ngd, giai thoat, cung cd nghia la ngtidi da vtidt thoat k h d i sti r a n g budc cua t h d i gian t h i k h d n g cdn t h d i nao ntia t r o n g t h d i gian, ke ca t h d i gian cung khdng cdn ntia Dd la t r a n g t h a i cua T h a i t h Sidhatha 49 dem ngoi t h i e n dtidi gdc cay Bd de ben ddng N i k i e n l i e n K h i n h i n tha'y M a i moc, T h a i t h bdng n h i e n bting t i n h ngd Trong mot satna ngan n g u i , T h a i t h t h a n h Phat bdi da dat dtidc sti giac ngd V A N DE T H O I G I A N TRONG PHAT GIAO V A VAT L Y HOC H I E N D A I cao nhat, hieu t h a u dtidc van vat, hieu thau chide qua k h h , hien t a i va ttidng l a i de khong cdn b i am anh bdi thdi gian Tuyen ngdn "Chinh luc day ta thdnh Phdt" la ldi tuyen ngdn cao dep ve gia t r i ngtidi, ddng thdi cung la ldi tuyen ngdn cua ngtidi da vtidt thoat dtidc sti chi phoi cua t h d i gian de dat t d i coi v i n h hang chinh t a m thtic m i n h (giai thoat - moska) Trang t h a i Niet ban (Nirvana) la t r a n g t h a i t a m l i n h than, yen t i n h , sang sudt cua ngtidi da giai thoat Niet ban cung chinh la sti ngting dong v i n h chu cua thdi gian satna hien tai, khdng cdn nhan qua, khdng cdn sinh t h l u a n hdi Con ngtidi "khong truy tim qud khd I khdng Udc vong tUdng lai", sdhg t t i n g satna cua ddi sdhg hien t a i Bdi the, dtic Phat cdn cd ten la Nhti Lai (Tathagatha), nghia la ngudi da den nhu the, thtic chat la ngtidi khdng t t i dau deh ma cung khdng di dau Ngtidi sdhg hien t a i tuyet dd'i, v i n h hang T t i quan niem van phdp tdm tao, Phat giao D a i thtia n h a n m a n h deh t i n h Khdng cua t h d i gian T i n h Khdng khdng ddng nghia vdi chu nghia h t i vd, phu dinh the gidi hien ttidng, p h u d i n h hoan toan t h d i gian Nd gan vdi sti vd thtidng cua the gidi Trong k i n h Kim cUdng, the gidi bien ao gid'ng n h t i "ngdi md dan budi b i n h m i n h , mdt chiec la t r e n ddng sdng, mdt anh chdp dam may mua he, mot ngon den le ldi, mdt bdng h i n h , mdt giac mdng"(3) Budi td'i, nha dem hay sdm m a i cung chi cdn la ao anh: "Budi td'i nghe ga gay sang N h a dem t h a y mat t r d i soi"(4) Ndi nhti ldi cua Swami Vivekananda: 'Thdi gian, khdng gian va md'i hen he nhan qua gid'ng n h t i mdt tam k i n h ta nhin xuyen qua nd de tha'y cai tuyet dd'i Trong tuyet dd'i t h i khdng cd thdi gian, lan khdng gian, lan quan he nhan qua"(5) N h a sti Dtic Sdn (Nhat Ban) tren dtidng di t d i D a i Sdn dting chan ben quan nhd goi diem t a m Ba lao ban quan la ngtidi am ttidng Phat giao ben t h t i thach nha sti bang cau hdi khd, neu nha sti t r a ldi dtidc t h i mdi dtidc diem tam: - K i n h K i m ctidng viet: "Qua k h t i t a m bat kha dac H i e n t a i t a m bat kha dac V i l a i t a m bat kha dac" V a y thay m u d n diem cai t a m nao day?(6) (Diem t a m cdn cd nghia la diem vao cai tam) K h d n g t r a l d i dtidc cau hdi hoc bua do, nha sti danh n h i n ddi r a di Viec diem t a m xay r a t r o n g t h d i gian Trong k i n h Kim cUdng khdng cd t h d i nao ca Qua k h t i - ttidng l a i , h t i u h a n - vd h a n ddng nha't t r o n g t t i n g satna cua ddi sd'ng h i e n t a i Cai h i u chuyen vd thtidng va cai bat t h v i n h h a n g cung chi la mdt t a m ngtidi giai thoat Con ngtidi giai thoat sdhg t r o n g a n h sang v i n h chu, t t i m i n h t r d t h a n h a n h sang, t r d t h a n h ddng chay K h i dd, ngtidi se: "Bat sinh diec bat diet Bat thtidng diec bat doan Bat nha't diec bat n h i (3) Thanh hoi Phat giao Ho Chi Minh Kinh Kim ctfdng www.quangduc.com.vn (4) Doan Trung Con Phat hoc tie dien, til, Nxb Tp Ho Chi Minh, 1997, tr.108 - 109 (5) Fritjof Capra Bao cua vat ly - mot stf khdm phd mdi ve stf ttfdng dong gida vdt ly hoc hien dai va dao hqc phtfdng Bong Nxb Tre, 2001, tr 171 (6) Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki Huyen hoc dao Phat vd Thien Chua Nxb Kinh thi, 1974, tr.143 47 NGUYEN T H I TOAN Bat l a i diec bat xua't"(7) K h i htfdng vao t a m t i m giai thoat, gat bd d i n h t f n g p h a n biet sinh - t h , thtfdng - doan, mdt - hai, den - di, khdng cdn each biet ta va tha nhan, qua khtf va ttfdng lai t h i chi cdn mdt stf ddng nhat tuyet ddi cua cai Khdng t i n h lang deh vd cung t a m ngtfdi giai thoat Sdhg anh sang v i n h chu, ngtfdi da quet sach y niem ve cai ttfdng ddi, khdng ngtfdi khdng vat, khdng canh khdng ta, chi cdn anh t r a n g Lang gia t i c h t i n h t r e n bien ca menh mdng cua giai thoat Ttf cai n h i n ve stf mong m a n h vd thtfdng cua ddi sdhg, Phat giao khuyen k h i c h ngtfdi biet t r a n t h d i gian de sdhg cd ich theo chinh phap t t f n g satna cua ddi sdhg hien t a i Biet che ngtf ndi lo au ve cai chet, khdng khao k h a t mdt ban the trtfdng tdn hay chay theo n h t f n g ao anh p h u du cua ddi sdhg, ngtfdi se t r d ve vdi chinh m i n h , danh thtfc Phat t i n h tam m i n h de t h a n h Phat gitfa cudc ddi D i t h ngoai vao trong, ttf da dang t d i nhat the, ttf ddng den t i n h , ttf ttfdng ddi tdi tuyet ddi, dd la dtfdng ttf cua Phat giao ve t h d i gian V a n de thou g i a n t r o n g v a t l y hoc h i e n d a i Theo Bach khoa toan thu md: "Thdi gian la mdt dai ltfdng bien t h i e n va la t h a n h phan cua mdt he thd'ng ltfdng dtfdc dung de dien ta t r i n h ttf xay cua cac stf kien, de so sanh dd dai cua cac stf k i e n va khoang each gitfa chung, de ltfdng hoa chuyen ddng cua cac dd'i ttfdng" (Wikipedia) Trong vat l y hoc co dien ttf the k y X V I , Galilleo da coi t h d i gian nhtf mdt 48 cdng cu de ndi ket cac chuyen ddng cua cac dd'i ttfdng nghien ctfu T d i the k y X V I I , N e w t o n da nghien chu ve thdi gian n h u mdt dd'i ttfdng t u y e t ddi, tach rdi k h d i vat chat, t r d i deu dan t h qua khtf den ttfdng l a i Theo Newton, thdi gian tuyet dd'i, dich thiic, cd tinh todn hoc, theo tU tinh cua nd Id deu dan va khdng lien quan gi den bdt cd vdt redo (8) N e w t o n cam n h a n dtfdc ddng chay, htfdng chay cha t h d i gian ve phia ttfdng l a i Dd'i vdi Newton, chi can co mdt chiec ddng hd td't t h i d u d bat k y v i t r i nao, ngtfdi t a cung cd the khoang each gitfa h a i stf k i e n vdi ltfdng thdi gian bang n h a u NhUng t d i dau the ky XX, stf xua't h i e n cua A.Enstein vdi phat m i n h khoa hoc ve t h u y e t tUdng ddi da dem l a i mdt cai n h i n mdi ve thdi gian Dd la t h d i gian gan l i e n vdi khdng gian, gid'ng n h u t i n h ban phai cd nhtfng ngtfdi ban vay T h d i gian khdng cd dinh ma thay ddi cung stf t h a y ddi cua van td'c va t r o n g ltfc cha vat Trong thuyet tUctng dd'i hep (1905), A.Enstein cho rang, khdng cd mdt thdi gian tuyet dd'i, nha't M d i ngtfdi cd mdt dd t h d i gian r i e n g cua minh, p h u thudc vao v i t r i ho dhng, td'c dd chuyen ddng cua ho B d i vay, neu xay v u nd d mdt ngdi each t r a i da't mdt t i n a m anh sang t h i phai t d i mdt t i n a m sau ngtfdi ndi mat da't mdi quan sat tha'y v u nd ay Theo ly thuyet ttfdng dd'i cua A.Enstein, d td'c van ddng bang td'c dd cua anh sang, kich (7) Thanh hoi Phat giao Ho Chi Minh Kinh Kim ctfOng Sdd., tr.142 (8) Xem Fritjof Capra Dao cua vat ly - mot su" khdm phd mdi ve sii tUdng dong giiia vat ly hoc hien dai vd dao hoc phtfong Dong Sdd., V A N D E THOI G I A N TRONG PHAT GIAO V A VAT L Y HOC H I E N D A I thudc vat the r u t n g l n l a i va thdi gian t r o i cham di Nghich ly tre sinh doi m i n h chhng cho l y thuyet Neu hai anh em sinh doi, mot ngQdi d l a i t r a i dat, mot ngQdi di vao v u t r u , sau mot thdi gian t r d ve t h i ngQdi di vao v u t r u se tre hdn ngQdi anh em sinh doi cua minh M o t t a u v u t r u phong vao khong gian vdi van tdc bang 87% van td'c anh sang t h i thdi gian se cham di bang 1/2 so vdi thdi gian t r e n t r a i da't V a ne'u nd van ddng vdi van td'c 99% van td'c anh sang t h i thdi gian t r d i cham di 22,4 lan Dieu cung tiidng t i i n h u quan niem cua Phat giao ve t h d i gian khac cac canh gidi khac Trong ly thuyet ttfdng dot hep, van de thdi gian cdn dQdc xem xet dudi gdc dd tam ly Theo A,Enstein, d gdc dd t a m l y chu quan, moi cai the gidi deu "htf nguy", vat chat hQ nguy, khdng gian hQ nguy, t h d i gian tudng chhng tuyet dd'i cung h u nguy ma thdi Sii t r d i chay cua thdi gian chi la mdt ao tudng cua t a m thhc Thuyet tQdng dd'i dQdc giai t h i c h kha hdm h i n h bang h i n h anh bep Id ndng va cd gai dep K h i ngQdi dan dng dm mdt cd gai dep long t h i t h d i gian mdt gid tQdng chhng nhQ chi la mdt phut T r a i l a i , k h i budc phai ngdi gan mot cai bep Id qua ndng t h i thdi gian mot p h u t tudng nhQ mdt gid Sau k h i phat m i n h r a thuyet tUdng dd'i hep, t d i n a m 1916 A.Enstein tiep tuc phat t r i e n thuyet ttfdng doi tdng qudt, cd t i e n doan ve sii tdn t a i cua cac Id den (bkack hole) v u t r u Khdng gian va t h d i gian n h u mdt t a m vai cd the co gian va rach dUdc Chd rach cua t a m v a i k h d n g - t h d i gian chinh la id den K h i t h i e n the co l a i t h i she h u t cua nd tang len, khdng - t h d i gian quanh nd cung tang dd cong Tdi mdt t h d i diem nha't dinh, khdng - thdi gian quanh t h i e n the dd cong t d i mhc anh sang cung khdng thoat r a ndi K h i dd, Id den, t h d i gian ngirng lai, khdng cdn t r d i chay N a m 1995, T r u n g t a m Nghien chu hat n h a n chau A u (CERN) da tao r a dQdc hat phan nguyen t h (phan vat chat) - mdt dang vat chat dac biet cd k h a nang h u t nguyen t h vao nd Day la mdt n h i i n g cd sd de k h a n g d i n h ve sii tdn t a i thiic te cua Id den t r o n g v u t r u Gan day, cac nha t h i e n van hoc quan sat t r e n bau t r d i tha'y cd n h i i n g "vi nang", quay quanh mdt dd'i tQdng vd h i n h Dd'i tQdng ay cd the la mdt Id den v u tru(9) Giha the k y XX, Stephen H a w k i n g tiep tuc phat t r i e n tQ tQdng ve Id den v u t r u b i n g gia thuyet: k h i vat chat b i r d i vao Id den, t h d i gian nghng lai, sii vat bat ddng t r a n g t h a i t i e m sinh Vao cud'i the k y XX, ngQdi nd hie t i m k i e m n h i i n g sQ k i e n la de chhng m i n h cho gia thuyet Ngay 14-4-1912, t a u huyen thoai Titanic va phai bang k h i e n 1500 ngUdi b i mat tich 80 n a m sau, 24-91990, t a u Foshogen dang d i t r e n bien Bac D a i Tay DUdng da phat hien t h vach n u i mdt p h u nut quy tdc A n h b i Qdt sung ten la Kate - la ngQdi da mat t i c h t r e n t a u Titanic Ngay 9-8-1991, ngQdi ta l a i chu sd'ng dQdc ngQdi dan dng ten la S m i t h cd da'u van tay t r u n g vdi dau van tay cua t h u y e n t r u d n g S m i t h cua t a u Titanic (10) M d t sd' sQ (9) Xem Fritjof Capra Dao cua vdt ly - mot stf khdm phd mdi vi stf ttfdng dong gida vat ly hoc hien dqi va dao hoc phtfdng Dong Sdd., (10) Ho Nguyen Viet Thtf Di vdo khe hd thai gian http://chungta.com, 2009 49 NGUYEN THI TOAN k i e n mat t i c h b i an r o i sau mot thoi gian dai l a i xuat h i e n trci l a i gidng h i n h h a i ban dau cang k h a n g d i n h cac Id den (hay "Zd hong thoi gian", "ditdng hdm khdng - thdi gian") v u t r u la sii that Phai chang vat chat da vd t i n h b i h u t vao Id hong de tdn t a i trang t h a i t i e m sinh (somachi) cua thdi gian t i n h lang? V a k h i nao "Zd hdng thdi gian" md ra, vat chat dd l a i xuat hien vdi h i n h hai y nhif k h i nd b i h u t vao Tdi day, t r a n g t h a i N i e t ban Phat giao - sii t i n h lang, ngUng dong v i n h chu cua t h d i gian t a m ngiidi giai thoat cd diem gap gd vdi sii t i n h lang vd cung cua "Zd hdng thdi gian" va sii ngUng dong cua vat chat Id hdng dd Tuy nhien, Phat giao ndi t d i N i e t ban t a m thhc ngudi, cdn vat ly hoc hien dai ban tdi "Zd hdng thdi gian" tdn t a i khach quan the gidi vat chat Qua sU phan t i c h tren, cd the thay, Phat giao va vat ly hoc hien dai cd nhhng diem tUdng ddng sau sac quan niem ve t h d i gian D i e u k h i e n A.Enstein cd cam t i n h dac biet vdi Phat giao Ong da t h u g phat bieu mot cudc hdi thao ve t d n giao v d i khoa hoc t a i New York: "Neu t r e n the gidi cd mot tdn giao nao cd the dUdng dau vdi nhhng n h u cau cua khoa hoc hien dai t h i tdn giao ay p h a i la Phat giao Phat giao khdng can phai xet l a i n h h n g quan diem cua m i n h theo khoa hoc v i Phat giao bao gdm ca khoa hoc cung n h u vUdt qua khoa h o c " ( l l ) Co the t h a y mdt sd diem tUdng ddng quan niem ve thdi gian giha Phat giao va vat ly hoc hien dai, la: mdt t a m ludi v u t r u hoan hao Ca h a i deu t h h a n h a n t i n h vd cUc (vd thuy vd chung) cua t h d i gian sii vd thudng cua the gidi Ca h a i deu t h h a n h a n t i n h tUdng ddi va tuyet ddi cua t h d i gian Tuy nhien, quan niem ve t h d i gian cua Phat giao khdng ddng nhat hoan toan vdi nhhng k i e n giai khoa hoc ve thdi gian cua vat ly hoc hien dai N h h n g di biet h a i quan niem la: V a t l y hoc h i e n dai xay diing khai niem t h d i gian bang thuc nghiem ly thuyet, cdn Phat giao l a i dUa vao sU mach bao cua triic giac k i n h nghiem Phat giao (dac biet la Thien Dai thha) hudng n d i de t i m thdi gian tUdng ddi va sii n g i i n g dong v i n h hang tuyet dd'i cua t h d i gian t a m thhc ngiidi; vat l y hoc hien dai hiidng ngoai de t i m t h d i gian tiidng doi the gidi vat chat, t h d i gian tuyet ddi 16 den v u t r u T u y nhien, sU khac giha hai quan n i e m dd cung chi mang t i n h chat tUdng ddi ma t h d i Viec t i m hieu, so sanh quan niem ve thdi gian t r o n g Phat giao va vat ly hoc h i e n dai giup chhng ta thay dUdc sii vUdt triidc k y la cua Phat giao ve van de t h d i gian, sii gap gd giha P h a i giao va khoa hoc, sii giao thoa v a n hoa Ddng Tay, t h xay diing mdt nen van hoa m i n h t r i e t t r o n g t h d i dai toan cau hoa Dd la nen van hoa ke t h h a va phat huy n h h n g t i n h hoa van hoa t r u y e n thdng cua dan tdc va n h a n loai - nen van hoa n h a n ban, k h a i phdng va dung thdng t h d i dai • Bang cai n h i n kit va dong, Phat giao va vat ly hoc hien dai deu thay sii dung thdng giha khdng gian va thdi gian (11) Thich Hanh Diic Phdt gido vc'i thai dai, www.quangduc.com.vn 2008 50 ... Vivekananda: ''Thdi gian, khdng gian va md''i hen he nhan qua gid''ng n h t i mdt tam k i n h ta nhin xuyen qua nd de tha''y cai tuyet dd''i Trong tuyet dd''i t h i khdng cd thdi gian, lan khdng gian, lan... t h d i gian V a n de t h d i gian t r o n g Phat giao dtidc xem xet mdt each k h a toan dien vdi ndi h a m phong phu, sau sac: t h d i gian qua tirng satna va t t i n g kiep; t h d i gian d k... dem l a i mdt cai n h i n mdi ve thdi gian Dd la t h d i gian gan l i e n vdi khdng gian, gid''ng n h u t i n h ban phai cd nhtfng ngtfdi ban vay T h d i gian khdng cd dinh ma thay ddi cung stf