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Vu Xuan Hiing va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03) 99 103 THI/C TAP SÛ PHAM VA THI/C TRANG NANG LlTC SÛ PHAM CUA DOI NGU GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE Vu Xuan Hiing''''*, Truo''''ng Dai Diic^ Tdng cue Day nghe[.]
Vu Xuan Hiing va DTG 79(03): 99- 103 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE THI/C TAP SU^ PHAM VA THI/C TRANG NANG LlTC SU^ PHAM CUA DOI NGU GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE Vu Xuan Hiing'*, Truo'ng Dai Diic^ Tdng cue Day nghe 'Trudng Cao dang Kinh te Ky thuat - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM TAT Bai viet trinh bay nhirng nghien cuu ve anh hudng cua hoat ddng thuc tap su pham tdi nang luc su pham cua ddi ngu giao vien day nghe nhu nang lire day hgc, nang lire giao due, nang luc quan ly, td chirc boat ddng su pham Ben canh dd bai viet da cd nhung phan tich, danh gia lam rd thuc trang nang luc day hgc, nang lire giao due va nang lire quan ly, td chirc qua trinh day hgc cua dpi ngu giao vien day nghe de lam co sd de xuat giai phap nang cao chat lugng boat ddng thuc tap su pham tai cac trudng su pham ky thuat, nang cao nang lire su pham ciia ddi ngii giao vien day nghe Theo do, hudng tiep can dao tao theo nang lire thuc hien da dugc coi la giai phap hieu qua de nang cao chat lugng boat ddng thuc tap su pham, tu dd nang cao nang lire su pham ciia giao vien Til' khda: Su phgm ky thudl; Ndng luc su phgm, Thuc tap 'iu phgm; Gldo vien dciy nghi;Ndng lite thue hien Chien luge phat trien nguon nhan lire, nhat la nguon nhan lire lao dgng ky thuat la mot nhung yeu to quan trgng Irong phat trien kinh te-xa hoi cda mgi qu6c gia, CO Viet Nam De dap ung yeu cau phat trien ngu6n nhan luc, mgl nhQng nhiem vu cap bach hien la phat trien dao lao nghe noi chung, dgi ngQ giao vien day nghe (GVDN) noi rieng Trong thai gian qua, cdng vai viec phat trien mang luai co sa day nghe, dgi ngu GVDN cung dugc phat trien manh ca ve so lugng va chat lugng, dong g6p quan trgng vao viec dao tao ngu6n nhan lire cho su nghiep c6ng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa cda dat nuoc Tuy nhien, thuc te cho thay nang luc noi chung, nang luc su pham ky thuat cda dgi ngd GVDN lot nghiep eac truang su pham ky thuat noi rieng e6n nhieu bat cap Trong nhieu nguyen nhan, co nguyen nhan sau xa tu viec dao lao n6i chung, to chuc thuc tap su pham (TTSP) noi rieng qua trinh dao tao GVDN tai cac tru6ng su pham ky thuat (SPKT) Do vay, thai gian tai day, ben canh nhieu giai phap nang cao nang lire dgi ngu GVDN d6i h6i phai tim dugc nhQng giai phap boat dgng dao lao, TTSP de nang cao nang luc su pham cho sinh vien, nguai GVDN tuang lai A N H HU'ONG CUA TTSP TOI N A N G LUC s u ' PHAM NGU'OI GVDN Dao lao su pham ky Ihual co the noi la boat dgng phirc tap nhat cac boat dgng dao lao su pham Doi tugng sinh vien cac truang su pham ky thuat la nhQng giao vien luong lai, nguai quyet djnh quan trgng chat lugng ngu6n nhan luc lao dgng ky Ihual true tiep cho qu6c gia Do vay, nhung yeu cau ve nang luc dat d6i voi nguai hgc qua trinh dao tao rat cao, hg vira c6 nang luc cda nha su pham, vua co nang lire cda nha chuyen m6n nghe nghiep va vua c6 nang luc cda nha hoat dgng xa hoi Nhung d6i h6i d6 da hinh nen nang lire su pham ky thuat cda nguai GVDN (HI) Nang lire chuyen mdn Nang lye su' pham Nang luc xa hdi Hinh Md hinh cau true nang lire su pham ky thuat ' Tel; 098.375.2225; Email; hungvdln(d>gmail.com 99 Vu Xuan Hiina va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Trong cac nang luc tren nang luc su pham dirge coi la nang luc chuyen biet dac trung cda nang luc su pham ky thuat Nang luc su pham la t6 hgp nhung dac diem tam ly cda nhan each nham dap irng cac >-eu cau cda boat d6ng su pham va quvet djnb su c6ng cua hoat dgng sir pham Nang lire su pham lira nhu la hinh chieu cua boat dpng su pham Nang luc sir pham mpt mat dugc hinh va phat trien th6ng qua qua trinh dao tao tai cac truang su pham ky thuat va mat khac la th6ng qua giai doan TTSP TTSP dugc coi la mot buac Irong quv trinh ren luv'en nang luc su pham la giai doan luyen tap nang cao tren d6i tugng thuc Thong qua giai doan na\ nguai hgc tien hanh cdng c6 van dung kien thdc ly thuyet ren luyen ky nang bang viec thuc hien mot each tuong d6i dgc lap nhiem vu day hge, giao due va cdng qua binh va phat trien nang luc su pham cda nguai GVDN Nang lire su pham dupe hinh td nhieu cac nang lire Tuy nhien d6 co mpt s6 nang lire d6ng vai tr6 chd yeu quyet djnb den nang luc na\ d6 la: Nang luc dav hpc nang luc giao due va nang lire quan ly l6 chdc boat dpng su pham [3] Nang luc day hpc (bao g6m ca da> ly thuyet va thuc hanh nghe hoac da\- tich hop) la mot nang lire t6ng hpp cua nhieu nang luc va la nang luc quan trpng nang luc su pham Trong mpt s6 truang hpp nguoi ta chi can th6ng qua nang luc day hpc cung c6 the danh gia dugc nang luc su pham cda nguai GVDN Nang lire dav hgc dugc bieu hien qua cac nang su pham nhu nang lire thiet ke day hgc (soan giao an de cuong nghien cuu tai lieu giang day chuan bj cac dieu kien bai bgc ); nang luc sd dung phuang phap day bgc (lira chgn van dung pb6i hgp ): nang lire chuan bj sd dung cac phuo-ng lien dav hpc; nang luc giao tiep (sd dung ng6n ngu n6i viet ng6n ngu binh the ); nang luc kiem tra danh gia Ngoai nang lire day hpc c6n the hien th6ng qua cac nang lire khac nua nhu nang lire phan tich chuong trinh dao tao; nang lire viet ve tren bang; nang luc dir gio rdi kinh nghiem v.v 100 79(03): 99- 103 Mpt nhung nhiem vu quan trpng cua ngtrai GVDN la hinh nhan each ngudi lao dpng moi cho the he tre Mu6n vay, ngudi GVDN phai co nang lire giao due nghe nghiep Nang lue the hien a kha nang cam boa thuyet phuc hpc sinh cda nguai thay, Nguai GVDN phai biet dac diem tam ly cua tdng nguai hpc de c6 phuong phap giao due phd hgp voi tdng d6i tugng nhat la vai ddi tupng ca biet Mu6n lam t6t c6ng tac giao due ngtrai GVDN phai thue sir guong mau ve mpi mat de nguai hpc noi theo TTSP kh6ng chi la dieu kien ren luyen cac nang lire day hpc ma e6n la m6i truang thuan lpi de nguai hpc van dung nhung hieu biet ve tam ly hpc giao due hpc vao t6 chdc boat dpng giao due kh6ng cbi gia hpc ma c6n ca ngoai gia hpc Vi vay, nguai GVDN se co ca hoi va dieu kien de ren luyen cac nang luc su pham can thiet nhu: Nang luc xay dung ke hoach cho cac boat dpng su pham; nang lire hinh dung dupe hieu qua cda cac tac dpng giao due; cac nang luc lam c6ng lac chd nhiem; nang luc 16 chdc cac boat dpng giao due loan dien v.v Day hpc thuc chat la qua trinh 16 chdc boat dpng da>- hpc va giao due theo nghTa hep vi vay d6i h6i nguai GVDN phai c6 nang lire quan ly, t6 chdc qua trinh Nang luc quan ly t6 chdc qua trinh boat dpng the hien a sir pb6i hpp nhjp nhang nhung boat d6ng cua thav va li'6 dav' ly thuyet thuc hanh nghe, tham quan thuc te va cac boat dgng ngoai kh6a Nang luc dugc bieu hien qua cac nang luc nhu: Nang luc to chdc boat dgng tap the gia hgc (hoat dgng nh6m); nang lire t6 chdc boat dgng thuc hanh thuc tap; nang luc xu ly th6ng tin; nang lire lap ke hoach; nang luc t6 chdc thuc hien nhiem vii giao due dao lao; nang lire chi dao dieu hanh v.v Nhu vay anh huang cda giai doan TTSP Irong qua trinh dao tao GVDN tai cac trudng su pham ky thuat la da ro Qua trinh TTSP dam bao chat lupng t6t se gidp cho ngudi \ nguai hpc nguai GVDN tuong lai thuc hien l6t nhiem vu giang day, giao due, t6 chuc va lii6n vung vang thuc lien nghe nghiep; da dang va phong phd Vu Xuan Huna va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 99- 103 THU'C TRANG N A N G LUC SU' PHAM CUA D Q I N G U GlAO VIEN GVDN giao vien co tham nien giang dav td nam tra len Trong nhung nam gan day, dpi ngd GVDN da phat trien nhanh chong Theo s6 lieu th6ng ke cda T6ng cue Day nghe tinb den thang 12 nam 2009, ca nuoc c6 20.195 GVDN tai eac truang cao dang nghe, trung cap nghe va trung tam day nghe 4.678 giao vien tai cac truang cao dang nghe, 9.583 giao vien tai cac truang trung cap nghe va 5.934 giao vien tai cac trung tam day nghe Ngoai ra, c6n c6 gan 16.000 giao vien thupc cac co- so giao due c6 tham gia day nghe, d6, rieng 142 truong dai hpc, cao dang, trung cap chuyen nghiep c6 7.006 giao vien tham gia day nghe [7] Thong qua ket qua dieu tra khao sat cho tha\' dgi ngu GVDN la nhung nguoi t6t nghiep cac truang su pham ky thuat da bgc 16 nhung diem yeu ve nang luc day bgc nhu sau: Gop phan vao viec phat trien s6 lupng dpi ngu GVDN, mang luai cac truang su pham ky thuat dao tao GVDN da dugc cung c6 phat trien Tinb den nam 2009, ca nuac c6 truang dai hgc su pham ky thuat (DHSPKT) (Truong DHSPKT Hung v'en DHSPKT Nam Djnh, DHSPKT Vinh DHSPKT Thanh Ho Chi Minh), 01 Iruang cao dang sir pham ky thuat (Truang Cao dang su pham ky thuat VTnh Long), va 15 khoa su pham ky thuat cda mot s6 truong dai hgc ky thuat tham gia dao tao GVDN Hien nay, mac dd kh6ng nhieu nhung s6 giao vien t6l nghiep cac Iruang su pham ky thuat dang dong vai tro n6ng c6l cac CO- so day nghe Tuy nhien mot dieu tra, khao sat pham vi ca nuoc voi 112 giao vien tai 40 ctT sa day nghe (15 truang cao dang nghe, 10 truang trung cap nghe, trung tam day nghe) cho thay nang lire su pham cda dgi ngd GVDN l6t nghiep cac truong su pham ky thuat yeu mac dd dugc dao lao co- ban cu the: - Tliitc trgng vi ndng lire dgy hgc Theo kel qua dieu tra khao sat ve nang luc day hgc (gom ca day ly thuyet va ihuc hanh hoac tich hgp), 215 giao vien c6 15 giao vien dat loai gi6i (chiem 6,97%), 45 giao vien dat loai kha (cbidm 20.92%) 75 giao vien loai trung binh (chiem 34.87%) va 80 giao vien loai ylu (chilm 37.2%) Trong s6 80 giao vien loai ylu thi co 52 la giao vien tre mai truang S6 giao vien dat loai kha, gi6i deu la -I- Viec thiet ke day hgc (soan giao an) thieu tinh khoa hgc, thuan tdy dua tren noi dung day hgc, rat it giao vien quan tam den viec xac djnh ddng muc tieu day hgc cung nhu phan tich day hgc Giao an chi la m6t tai lieu liet ke lai dan bai va noi dung chinh, kem theo ten pbirong phap giang day ma giao vien chgn hoac cam thay nen chgn, kh6ng the hien dugc boat dgng hgc va cac tieu chi phai dat dugc cua boat dgng bgc Su phan b6 noi dung, thai gian chua hgp ly nhat la phan huong dan thirc banh; C6n mot s6 giao vien xac djnh kh6ng ddng muc tieu day bgc nham lan giua muc tieu day va muc lieu bgc giiTa muc tieu va yeu cau; + Clura nam vung cac phuong phap day bgc, nen lira chgn phuong phap khong plui hgp vai noi dung \a d6i tugng Kbi thuyet trinh giao vien khong the bien dirge muc lieu day hgc vi the hgc sinh khong dugc djnh lurang dugc van de Khi dam thoai sau dat cau h6i nhieu giao vien da yeu cau hgc sinh tra lai Neu hgc sinh tra lai ddng thi giao vien chuyen sang hgat dgng khac, neu sai Ihi giao vien "truy" den cdng hoac la tu tra loi Nhu the, tlurc sir clura co sir doi thoai Irong gia hgc va kh6ng danh gia ddng mdc can tra lai cda hgc sinh Do vay, chua phat huy dugc tinh tich cue cda bgc sinh de bien qua trinh dao tao qua trinh tu dao tao + Han che \'e nang lire sir dung pbirong tien day hgc lam dung cac phirong lien true quan nhat la cac pbirong tien day hgc hien dai lam cho bai giang tra no-i pb6 dien thiet bj, cong nghe ma bieu qua tac dgng den nguoi hgc thap -I- Yeu ve sd dung ng6n ngd dien dat khong ro rang, nguai hgc kho tiep tlui biii -I- Viec kiem tra, danh gia ket qua bgc tap nang ve lhanh tich, kh6ng thuc hien dugc chdc nang quan trgng cua kiem Ira danh gia qua trinh day hgc 101 Vu Xuan Huna va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE - Thuc trgng ndng luc gido diic Theo kel qua dieu tra khao sat co 23.25% giao vien yeu ve nang luc giao due Chiem phan lan s6 giao vien yeu ke tren la so giao vien tre c6 tham nien tir den nam chua c6 nhieu kinh nghiem giao due Nhung diem yeu ca ban ve nang luc giao due cua GVDN dugc bgc 16 nhu sau: -I- Chua ket hgp dugc viec giao due thai dp doi vai tung c6ng viec cung nhu cac pham chat nghe nghiep th6ng qua gia giang nhat la d6i vai cac gia giang ly thuvet thuan tdv' lam cho qua trinh hinh lhanh nhan each a nguai hpc chua dupe ro net; -I- Chua lao cho nguoi hpc I6ng say me nghe nghiep; -I- Thieu kinh nghiem c6ng tac giao due ca biet ha\ ddng menh lenh kb6ng lam cho nguoi hpc kham phuc; xu ly cac tinh hu6ng su pham chua kheo leo cdng nhac Thuc trgng ndng lire quan ly, td chitc qud trinh dciy hgc Ve nang luc quan ly, t6 chdc qua trinh day hgc c6 7.9% giao vien bj xep loai yeu va chu yeu so giao vien tre mai truong Han che ve nang luc quan ly t6 chdc qua trinh day hgc bieu hien cu the tren mpt s6 npi dung sau: + Thieu tinh ke hoach cac boat dpng day hpc, boat dpng giao due; chua ph6i hgp t6t dugc boat dgng day hgc va giao due; -I- T6 chdc qua trinh thirc banh thuc tap chua phd hgp vai qu\ luat binh lhanh ky nang ky xao nghe nghiep nen ket qua thuc tap cda hgc sinh chua cao; -I- Thieu kinh nghiem viec t6 chuc cac boat dpng tap the cda 16p hpc Viec l6 chdc boat dpng nhom thuc hien mpt each may m6c cuong ep dan den kh6ng dat hieu qua cao DE X U A T G I A I P H A P N A N G CAO NANG LUC SU' PHAM CHO D Q I NGU GVDN Trong nhung nam gan day viec xay dung, nang cao chat lupng dpi ngd nha giao n6i chung GVDN n6i rieng da dugc sir quan tam cda Dang va Nha nuac Chi thj so 40/CT-TW 15/6/2004 cda Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dang; Quylt djnh so 09/2005/QD-TTg 102 79(03): 99- 103 11/01/2005 eda Thd tu6ng Chinh phd da khang djnh ro muc lieu xay dung dgi ngu nha giao theo huong chuan h6a hien dai hoa, dam bao chat lugng, dd ve s6 lupng d6ng bp ve ca cau tiep can voi chuan khu vuc va the gidi De nang cao nang luc su pham ky thuat noi chung nang luc su pham cho dpi ngd GVDN n6i rieng ngoai cac giai phap nhu nang cao nang luc dao tao cda eac co- sa dao tao, boi duang GVDN; xay dung lai chuong trinh ndi dung dao tao thi can tap trung vao nhung giai phap cu the, mang tinh dot pha lung khau tdng giai doan cda qua trinh dao tao tai cac truang su pham ky thuat Nhu da trinh bay a tren nang luc su pham cda GVDN dupe hinh lhanh phat trien chu yeu Irong giai doan TTSP Mat khac, thuc te nang luc su pham cda dpi ngd GVDN, nhat la nang luc day hpc nang lue giao due va nang luc quan ly, t6 chirc day hpc rat yeu, vay theo chdng t6i nen dot pha vao viec nang cao chat lupng TTSP tai cae truang su pham ky thuat theo mot each tiep can moi.- Tiep can ndng lire thuc hien TTSP theo tiep can nang lire thuc hien chu trpng vao dau cda qua trinh dao lao nghTa la nguai hpc sau ket thdc giai doan TTSP c6 kha nang thue bien nhiem vu giang day, giao due quan ly va t6 chuc day hpc theo lieu chuan dat d6i voi lung nhiem vu, c6ng viec cu the, the hien muc dp eao nhat nang luc su pham eda nguai GVDN, dap dng dupe nhung d6i h6i cda thuc tien giao due, dao tao Theo huong liep can nay, giai phap giai doan truae mat la can tap trung nghien cuu, van dung, trien khai tiep can nang luc thirc hien dao tao GVDN n6i chung va TTSP noi rieng Giai phap la can thiet, cap bach va c6 tinh kha thi Nhu vay, co the thay boat dpng TTSP c6 anh huang lan quan trpng tai nang luc su pham cda nguai GVDN Nang luc su pham rat phong phd va phuc tap nen viec hinh lhanh no nguai hpc kh6ng phai de dang De nguai GVDN c6 nang luc su pham t6t, khac phuc nhung yeu kem, bat cap hien nay, Irong qua trinh dao tao nh4l la qua trinh TTSP can CO nhung d6i mai de nang cao chat lugng Vu Xuan Huna va DTG 79(03): 9 - 103 Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE TTSP, c6 nhu vay nang luc s u pham cda dgi ngu G V D N m a i thuc s u d u g c dam bao, gop phan quan trgng v a o viec nang cao chat lugng dao tao nguon nhan luc lao dgng ky thuat cho su nghiep c6ng nghiep boa, hien dai hoa dat nuoc T A I LIEU THAM K H A O [I].Nguyen Minh Dudng (2005) Tiep can he thdng nghien cini khoa hgc ve su phgm ky thudl Tap chi Khoa hgc giao due, sd 1, thang 10/2005 [2].Nguyen Dinh Chinh (1991), Thuc tap sir phgm, Nha xuat ban Giao due Ha Ndi [3].Pham Minh Hac (2001), Tdm ly hgc, Nha xuSt ban Giao due Ha Ndi [4].Phan Kha (1992), Ddnh gld ddl ngii gldo vien dgy nghe De tai Hd-92-95 Vien Vien Nghien ciru phat trien giao due Ha Ndi; [5].Nguyen Due Tri (2004), Xdy dung md hinh ddo tgo gldo vien ky thudl a trinh dd dgi hgc eho cdc trudng trung hge chuyen nghiep dgy ngheVien Nghien cuu phat trien giao due Ha Ndi [6],Quylt djnh sd 09/2005/QD-TTg 11/1/2005 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec phe duyet de an Xay dung, nang cao chat lugng ddi ngij nha giao va can bd quan ly giao due giai doan 2005-2010; [7].Bo Lao dong - Thuo-ng binh va Xa hoi, Du thao De dn phdt trien ddi ngii gido vien dgy nghe glal dogn 2009- 2015 [8] Hanno Hortsch (2003), Dldaktlk der Benifshlldung, Hochschulskripten Universitaet Dresden SUMMARY PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE AND TEACHERS' T E A C H E R S O F V O C A T I O N A L TRAINING CAPACITY STATUS OF Vu Xuan Hung'*, Truong Dai Duc^ General Department ofl'ocalional Training 'Thai \giiyen University The paper presents research on the impact of pedagogical practice to the pedagogy competence of vocational training teachers as teaching competence, education competence, management organizational competence of teaching Besides article has analysis and evaluation to clarify the current status of teaching competence, education competence and management organizational competence of vocational teachers as a basis for all solutions for improving the quality of pedagogical practice at school technical teachers, teachers' capacity building of teachers training Accordingly, the approach to competence based training has been considered an effective solution to improve the quality of pedagogical practice, thereby improving the capacity of vocational training teacher Keywords: Pedagogical training teacher technical; pedagogy competence; practice pedagogical; vocational Tel: 098.375.2225; Emad; lmngvdtnUTigmall.com 103