Describe the functions and mechanisms of conveniencesafety systems. Describe the locations and roles of system components. Test system components for normal functioning. Perform postcomponent replacement service procedures.
Module Convenience & Safety System (1) Learning Objectives Describe the functions and mechanisms of convenience/safety systems Describe the locations and roles of system components Test system components for normal functioning Perform post-component replacement service procedures Immobilizer System 1.1 System Introduction 1.2 System Layout 1.3 System Components 1.4 Control 1.5 Service Procedure Cluster 2.1 System Introduction 2.2 System Layout 2.3 Functions & Control 2.4 Service Procedure Air Conditioner System 3.1 System Introduction 3.2 System Layout 3.3 System Components 3.4 Control 3.5 Service Procedure Supplemental Restraint System 4.1 System Introduction 4.2 System Layout 4.3 System Components 4.4 Control 4.5 Service Procedure Immobilizer System 1.1 System Introduction 1) What is an Immobilizer System ? An immobilizer system is an anti-theft system that allows engine start-up through mechanical and electronic key verification An ignition key used in conjunction with an immobilizer system has an IC chip, commonly known as a transponder Key verification takes place when the encrypted data on the transponder matches the data registered in the immobilizer ECU or EMS Immobilizer System has full security protection against vehicle theft by using a copied key The system has been applied first in Grandeur XG 3.0, and has been installed in phase in the vehicles since then 2) History There are two versions of immobilizer system Each has evolved to take on a slightly different logic for different vehicle models The manufacturers are Shinchang and Bosch Shinchang immobilizers have evolved from the Shinchang-type to the STF-type, while Bosch immobilizers evolved from the Smartra-type to the Smartra 3-type England's automobile insurance regulation (THATCHAM) specifies that a vehicle must deter theft for at least minutes, and Canada adapted the same regulation since September, 2007 However, the early versions Shinchang-type and Smartra-type only performed key verification between the engine ECU and transponder Because the immobilizer ECU only provided communication relay without engaging in the key verification process, the early versions had the downside of allowing a vehicle to be stolen in under minutes just by replacing the EMS and transponder Removal A ECM ‘A’ A Master Change B For example, if the EMS of Vehicle A and Vehicle B in the above diagram share the same specifications, remove Vehicle A's engine ECU and install it in Vehicle B Next, with the key for Vehicle A in possession, start the engine with a replica of the key for Vehicle B This equates to starting Vehicle B with Vehicle A's EMS and key, making stealing of Vehicle B possible The new immobilizer systems STF-type and SMARTRA 3-type were developed to add an encryption function to the engine ECU, transponder and immobilizer ECU to meet the legal requirements and provide an improved anti-theft function The STF-type and SMARTRA 3-type are identical systems with different names and a minor difference in the verification process 3) STF System and SMARTRA The only feature that set the conventional Shinchang-type and Smartra-type apart from the newer STF version and SMARTRA version is engagement of the immobilizer ECU in the key verification process As such, the STF version and SMARTRA version will be examined in detail in this section Refer to the table below to learn about the STF version and SMARTRA version No Category Bosch SMARTRA SHINCHANG ICU SMARTRA Immobilizer Control Unit System Components EMS (ANT Coil) (ANT Coil) EMS Authentication Process ① Transponder ID verification (EMS ↔ Transponder) ② Smartra unit verification (EMS ↔ SMARTRA Unit) Transponder verification (EMS ↔ Transponder) ① Transponder ID check and verification (ICU ↔ Transponder) ② Immobilizer Control Unit verification (EMS ↔ ICU) Verification system EMS ICU, EMS Both types of above immobilizers not only checks the Transponder ID but also performs two additional key authentications The difference is the lead component during the ID verification and key authentication processes The immobilizer ECU is referred to as the "Smartra unit" in the SMARTRA 3-type and as the ICU (Immobilizer Control Unit) in the STF-type ID verification process Key verification requests are sent and received key data is verified by the engine EMS in the SMARTRA and by the ICU in the STF Verification process In SMARTRA 3, the EMS is responsible for EMS↔SMARTRA unit verification and EMS↔transponder verification In STF, ICU↔transponder verification is performed by the ICU, while EMS↔ICU verification is performed by the EMS 10 1.2 System Layout The immobilizer system controls ignition through the synchronization of the key with a built-in transponder, antenna coil, immobilizer ECU and engine EMS The immobilizer ECU is referred to as the "Smartra unit" in the SMARTRA 3-type and as the ICU (Immobilizer Control Unit) in the STF-type One difference is the controller of the immobilizer lamp in the cluster In the SMARTRA 3, the engine EMS controls the immobilizer lamp, while the ICU controls the immobilizer lamp in the STF system The immobilizer lamp switches on and off when ignition take place normally 1.3 System Components Image and name Key with transponder ASIC Coil Antenna (Antenna coil) Immobilizer ECU Functions and Roles Semiconductor parts are located in the inner part of the key holder A key serial number and PIN code are saved in the semiconductor circuit Inside the key is a coil and energy is received from the immobilizer ECU through the coil antenna at ignition, making a built-in battery unnecessary At ignition, power is received from the immobilizer ECU and energy is supplied to the key transponder in wireless format Conducts wired communication with the immobilizer ECU and wireless communication with the transponder Resistance on both ends of the antenna coil is approximately 8.5 ohm It is mounted on the column shaft below the steering column cover Supplies electric energy to the antenna coil during IG ON Receives the transponder's key IDE Performs key verification with the transponder (only STF Type) Performs key verification with the engine EMS Controls the Immobilizer Warning Lamp in the Cluster (Only STF Type) Performs a self-check in the event of a system failure (only STF Type) 11 Image and name Functions and Roles It is mounted behind the air cleaner in the engine compartment Performs key verification with the engine EMS Receives the transponder's key IDE Performs key verification with the transponder (only STF Type) Performs a self-check in the event of a system failure (only STF Type) If the information does not match, it cuts off the ignition line and the fuel Engine EMS 1.4 Control 1) SMARTRA Version (By BOSCH) RF comm Low freq 125KHz Transponder R/N: Random Number ① Antenna Coil SMARTRA Unit Engine EMS Request TP IDE & Send R/N1 Request TP IDE R/N1 Encryption TP IDE TP IDE & ERN1 (Encrypted R/N1) ② Send R/N2 R/N2 Encryption ③ ERN2 (Encrypted R/N2) ① When ignition is turned on, the SMARTRA unit supplies power to the antenna coil Once magnetized, the antenna coil forms a magnetic field with the coil inside the transponder to enable wireless communication A condenser is located in the transponder's internal circuit, making power charging possible ② The engine EMS generates Random Number and sends it along with a transponder ID request Random Number is encrypted by the SMARTRA unit The transponder ID and encrypted Random Number are sent back to the engine EMS The engine EMS compares its data with the data received from the transponder and SMARTRA unit for consistency ③ Upon completion of the primary verification, the engine EMS generates Random Number This data is sent to the transponder The transponder encrypts Random Number The encrypted Random Number is returned to the engine EMS, which compares it to its own data for consistency Once verified, ignition takes place 12 2) STF Version (By SHINCHANG) RF comm Low freq 125KHz Transponder R/N: Random Number ICU: Immobilizer Control Unit ① Antenna Coil ICU Engine EMS Send R/N1 Waiting R/N1 Encryption TP IDE & ERN1 (Encrypted R/N1) ② Send R/N2 R/N2 Encryption ERN2 (Encrypted R/N2) ③ ① Identical to SMARTRA3 Version ② The ICU sends Random Number to the transponder Random Number is encrypted by the transponder The transponder ID and encrypted Random Number are sent back to the ICU The ICU compares the data from the transponder with its own data for consistency ③ Upon completion of the primary verification, the engine EMS generates Random Number Random Number is sent to the ICU, which encrypts it again The encrypted Random Number is returned to the engine EMS, which compares it to its own data for consistency Once verified, ignition takes place IMMO activation at IGN OFF->ON Immobilizer ECU-Antenna coil Serial communication (EMS-IMMO) IMMO_LAMP OFF->ON 13 IGN ANT+ EMS Comm Line IMMO LAMP 1.5 Service Procedure 1) Key Current Data No of registered keys Shows the number of registered keys Up to keys can be registered ECU state Virgin (initial) / Learnt (key registered) / Neutral (initialized) Key state Virgin (initial) / Learnt (key registered) / Invalid (authentication failed) / Not check (key not found) Immobilizer ECU state Virgin (initial) / Learnt (key registered) / Neutral (initialized) ※ If "Locked" is displayed by the ECU, PIN code or password cannot be entered for one hour due to having entered it incorrectly more than three times 2) ID Register Teaching Registration of transponder key data in the engine EMS and immobilizer ECU The PIN code of a vehicle is required to register a key (PIN Code: Can be found by searching a vehicle's VIN number at the GSW site.) Key registration requirements EMS=Virgin/Neutral, Immobilizer ECU=Virgin/Learnt/Neutral When both the EMS and immobilizer ECU are in the learnt state, their PINs must match in order to register a new key 14 ※ What to remember for key registration Entering the wrong password three times enables the lock timer for one hour The lock timer is automatically disabled after one hour (do not remove the battery as doing so will reset the lock timer - keep the ignition on) An invalid key (e.g another vehicle's key) cannot be registered An "invalid registration" message is received from the diagnostic equipment Password Teaching/Changing A password can include four numbers When an emergency engine start (limp home ignition) is required due to an immobilizer system error, the password must be entered When no password is registered, i.e new vehicle, diagnostic equipment must be used to register a password Diagnostic equipment can be used to change a registered password If the password is forgotten, it can be reset by initializing the EMS and immobilizer ECU Password registration/change requirements EMS=Learnt, Immobilizer ECU=Learnt, KEY=Learnt ※ What to remember for password registration Entering the wrong password three times enables the lock timer for one hour The lock timer is automatically disabled after one hour (do not remove the battery as doing so will reset the lock timer - keep the ignition on) Limp home ignition mode cannot be used if no password has been registered LIMPHOME mode Engine cannot be started normally with the key in case of invalid communication data due to transponder failure or in case of Immobilizer System failure In such a case, the feature that allows the engine to start by using emergency password is called the Limp Home feature Limp Home allows the engine to start if digit password is entered via diagnosis device, and the password matches the information in the EMS Limp Home engine start by using diagnosis device can be performed up to 255 times LIMPHOME mode activation requirements EMS=Learnt, Immobilizer ECU=Learnt, Password=Learnt, KEY=No TP(Transponder)/ Invalid/ Virgin 15 The limp home mode can be activated by the user without the use of diagnostic equipment If the number of KEY Switch IG ON-OFF matches the registered password, limp home ignition can be performed Input: After the key switch has been on for more than five seconds, switch it ON (T3: 0.2-5 sec) then OFF (T2 : 0.2-3 sec) The number of key switch ONs during this period is set as the password If the password is 0, the number of key switch ONs is 10 Neutral Mode Neutral mode is used to initialize the key data and password saved in the engine ECU and immobilizer ECU Neutralization requirements EMS=Learnt/Neutral/Vergin, Immobilizer ECU=Learnt ※ Activation of the neutral mode is different in SMARTRA version and STF version SMARTRA Version: IG off after PIN code input → ON after 10 sec STF Version: IG off after PIN code input → ON after 10 sec, repeat three times (less than 10 seconds between off and on) Diagnostic Device ICU EMS Neutral Req 1st IGN Off → On Neutral Res ① ECU Neutral EMS = Neutral ICU= Learnt ② ICU Neutral EMS = Neutral ICU= Neutral ③ Confirm EMS = Neutral ICU= Neutral 2nd IGN Off → On 3rd IGN Off → On 16 Item When losing all the keys and registering a new key Part of key stored Remedy Purchase a new key embedded with embedded with a digit PIN Code and then register the key transponder Part of key stored: Use diagnostic equipment to enter a six-digit PIN code, purchased reset the current key and add a new key Entering a new key in key registration mode Key lost + Part of deletes all existing key data As such, all key stored + New existing keys must be reset This deletes key purchased Replacing the ICU with a new one A new key transponder Using diagnosis device, enter + New key Or Exchanged Part A new key embedded with a transponder the data of the lost key Exchange the ICU and then register the key using diagnostic equipment ICU Before disconnecting the used EMS, use When exchanging the ICU with a diagnosis device and enter the vehicle PIN Code to initialize the EMS used ICU from a Install the ICU after initialization and then different vehicle enter the PIN Code of the ICU installation Used ICU vehicle and register the key When exchanging the Engine EMS with a new unit When exchanging the Engine EMS with a used EMS from a different vehicle Exchange the ICU and then register the key using diagnostic equipment EMS Before disconnecting the used EMS, use diagnosis device and enter the vehicle PIN Code to initialize the EMS Install the ICU after initialization and then enter the PIN Code of the ICU installation vehicle and register the key 17 Used EMS ... an Immobilizer System ? An immobilizer system is an anti-theft system that allows engine start-up through mechanical and electronic key verification An ignition key used in conjunction with an. .. sends Random Number to the transponder Random Number is encrypted by the transponder The transponder ID and encrypted Random Number are sent back to the ICU The ICU compares the data from the transponder... The engine EMS generates Random Number and sends it along with a transponder ID request Random Number is encrypted by the SMARTRA unit The transponder ID and encrypted Random Number are sent back