HIJ(5NG DAN O U A N LY, SU DUNG II MOT SO BIEN PHAP TO CHUfC CHO TRE niAU GIAO 5 6 TUOI TIT LAM DO CHOI ThS Vu Thj Nggc Minh Vien Khoa hoc Gido due VtetNam Di td chUe cho tre 5 6 tudi lim dd choi dat[.]
HIJ(5NG DAN O U A N LY, SU DUNG II MOT SO BIEN PHAP TO CHUfC CHO TRE niAU GIAO - TUOI TIT LAM DO CHOI ThS Vu Thj Nggc Minh - Vien Khoa hoc Gido due VtetNam Di td chUe cho tre tudi lim dd choi dat hieu qui, GV ed the tham khio mdt sd bien phip sau: Nhdm cac bien p h ^ lam giau von bieu tUOng cho tre 1.1 TojhUc eho tre khdm phd ve ede loai chdi quen thuoc qua chdi, quan sat tranh anh, bang dia, mo hinh a) Muc dich: Md rdng von bieu tUpng cua tre ve chpi, tao CP hdi eho tre dUpc tim hieu, khim p h i ve cic die diem (miu sac, kieh cd, hinh ding, chat lieu ) eua ehPi h) Chuan bi: Cic loai choi nhu tranh inh, md hinh ve cic ehPi c) Cdch tien hdnh: Cho tre choi vdi cic loai ehPi d mpi luc, mpi nPi Trong qua trinh tre chPi vdi choi, GV hudng tr^ tdi viec quan sit eau true chung eua chpi, ddng thdi nhan manh ve dep ndi bat eua nd (ve miu sac, hinh ding, cau true, chat Ueu); tao CO hdi de tre dUpc khim p h i ve chpi (thio lap, Ian, day, gd ); gpi y tre chpi vdi dd ehPi theo nhieu cich khie de tang hflng thu eua tre, giup tre ghi nhd nhflng n^t die trUng cua chpi Cho tr^ quan sit tranh inh, bang dia, md hinh dd chdi vio thdi gian thich hpp Trong qua trinh quan sat, GV dat cau hdi gpi md khuyen khich tr^ trao ddi, thio luan ve cau tao, hinh ding, miu sac eua dd choi Vi du: Day Id chdi gi? Nd dUdc ldm bdnggi? Dd chdi ndygdm nhiing phdn/ bd phdn ndo? Ldm the ndo de gdn nhUng bg phdn dd lai vdi nhau? Chung dUdc trang tri nhu the ndo 1.2 Cho tre keve chdi yeu thich ciia minh a) Mtic dich: Kieh thich nhflng xuc cim, tinh eim tich cfle, khpi gpi tri tUdng tUpng sing tao d tre; Tao cP hdi cho tre dupe chia se niem vui, sU hUng thu vdi cic ban; Phit trien ngdn ngfl mach lac eho tre b) Chuan bi: GV chuan bi ndi dung trd chuyen vdi tre c) Cdch tien hdnh: Bien phip dflpc tien hinh d thdi diem thich hpp (boat ddng ddn, tri tre hoac hoat ddng vui choi, hoat dpng chieu) Td chfle cho ci Idp ngdi xung quanh ed, GV khuyen khich vi tao eP hdi cho nhieu tre dflpc tfl ke ve chPi yeu thich cua mmh Neu tre gip»t khd khan viec tU ke \i chpi, GV cd the gpi y bang mdt so ciu hdi: Do chdi Id cai gi? Be dUdc mua tang (Ai ldm cho)? Dd chdi cd mau gi? Dd chdi dUdc ldm bang gi? Dd chdi gdm nhitng phdn/bd phdn ndo? Chdi vdi chdi dd nhU the ndo? VJ be thich chdi do? Be dat ten cho chdi dd Idgi ^ Nhdm cac bien phap hiidng dan tre tim kiem \k lam sach nguyen vat Ueu de lam choi 2.1 GV vd tre ciing tim kiem nguyen vat lieuphongphu a) Muc dich: Lam phong phu ngudn nguyen vat lieu cho tre lim ehpi, tao dieu kien khoi gpi d tre nhflng y tudng mdi la; Phit huy tinh tich cUe, chu ddng cua tre Giio due tre y thUe bio ve moi trUdng b) Chuan bi: GV suy nghi ve dia diem, hinh thUe, eic nguyen vat lieu se sUu tam va cic cau hdi gpi y tre; Dung cu de diing nguyen vat lieu (rd, hop ) c) Cdch tien hdnh GV dan tre di dao choi, thim quan Trong luc dao choi, GV hudng din tre tim, thu lupm cic nguyen vat lieu thien nhien (li cay, cinh ciy, hoa qui, hot, hat ), gpi y cho tre quan sit vi phit hien xem "Cai ndy gidng cai gi? Cdi ndy cd the ldm thdnh chdi gi?" Trong cung tre thu lupm cic nguyen vat lieu, GV ket hpp giio due tre biet yeu thien nhien, cd thii dp v i hinh ddng bio ve mdi trUdng (khdng dupe be cinh, vat li, hii qui, ehi nhat eic li cay rung, cinh ciy khd ) - GV huy ddng phu huynh cung thu gom nhflng loai nguyen vat lieu can cho tre lim chPi (nhat li nguyen vat Ueu tai sfl dung rat de kiem gia dinh: Idi cudn giay Nh^n bii ngiy 28/8/2011 TAP CHi THiftBIGlAO DUC-Sd 73-9/2011 • II II HU{}NG DAN OUAN LV, sir DUNG ve sinh, vd hop binh keo, cic tui, hop, bio/ tap ehi eu, bia lich, bflu thiep, thia nhUa, dng hut ) vi sUu tam them eic loai nguyen lieu khic nhU: cie loai hat ngu cdc, vd trUng, len, cue ao, bit tat eu Cic nguyen vat lieu can dim bio ve sinh, an toin ddi vdi tre Sau thu gom cic nguyen vat lieu, GV cung tre phin loai, sap xep cic nguyen vat lieu vao eic hop/ rd va ghi rd nhan mic (hoac ghi ki hieu rieng) de thuan tien cho tre qui trinh lUa ehpn, sfl dung lim dd ehpi Viec sap xep eae nguyen vat lieu phii mang tinh md de giup tre niy sinh nhflng y tfldng lim dd ehPi 2.2 Hudng ddn tre ciing ldm sach ede nguyin vat lieu a) Muc dich:Tao co hdi cho tre dflpc tham gia vio boat ddng trii nghiem ; KhPi gpi hUng thu, phit huy tinh tich ciic ning tim tdi, khim phi d tre Hinh thinh mdt sd pham chat nhan cich d tre (tinh yeu lao ddng, sU hpp tie, chia se nhdm ban be) b) Chuan bi: Cic nguyen vat lieu phong phu; Gie lau mem, giay miu, hd din, keo Bing nhac ed giai dieu vui nhdn; NUde rfla tay, khan lau tay, quan io cua tre gpn ging c) Cdch tien hdnh Td chfle hoat ddng niy dfldi hinh thfle hoat ddng lao ddng cua tre GV gpi y de tre thda thuan vi phan cdng cdng viec vdi nhau, tao dieu kien eho tre tU ke ve eieh lim, chuan bi nhflng dd dung, dung eu can den Khi tre thfle hien, GV de tre tU lim, chi bao quit vi gdp y can thiet Chu y - Cac eau hdi dinh cho tre dim bio an toin vi ve sinh can da dang nhflng ngan gpn, eho tre qui trinh lam de hieu, tfl de den khd va kieh Ddi vdi eic nguyen vat thich tre huy ddng cic thao lieu ddi hdi thao tie phfle tap tic tu duy, nhU: lam sach (xuc rfla chai Ip, + Cau hdi ve dii dinh cua cat nhflng vd hop eflng ) thi tre (Con se lim dd choi gi?) GV lim eho tre, chi hudngddn + Cau hdi ve cie budc tre ldm sach nguyen vdt lieu d thUc hien (Con can dung den cdc cdng doan ddn gian, phii nhflng nguyen vat lieu gi? hdp vdi khd ndng ciia tre (VD: Con lam gi trflde? Trang tri lau li cay, lau vd trai, sd, hen, chai nhu the nio?) Neu bde bd nhan mic cua cic vd mdt nhdm tre cung lim mot chai Ip hop, din giay trang tri dd chPi, can hdi tre ve sU phan ben ngoii vd cic hop, Ip ) cdng nhdm (Ai lam Trong qua trinh lim cdng viec nay?) sach nguyen vat lieu, GV ket + Cau' hdi kieh thich tre hpp trd chuyen, vfla lam vfla suy nghi phUPng thUe giai ddng vien tre, gpi y tre xem quyet van de hoac kieh thich dung, nguyen vat lieu sU sing tao eua tre viec "trdng gidng cii gi? Cd the sfl dung cie nguyen vat lieu lam thinh dd chpi gi?" de nhu "Con nghi xem ed the khPi gpi nhflng y tUdng ban dung eii gi thay the vd hop dau d tre trUde bat tay vio sfla de lim doan tiu? " qui trinh bien nhflng nguyen 3.2 Bien phap 2: Cho tre vat lieu thinh chpi quan sat mau chdi ket hdp Nhdm cac bien phap vdi ehi dan cdch ldm hudng dan tre lam choi a) MvLc dich: Giup tre 3.1 Trd chuyen, dam nam dflpc mau chPi, tich thoai gay hdng thd vd phat cUe hda hoat ddng nhan thfle huy tinh tich cUc eua tre cua tre, kieh thich tre the hien a) Muc dich: Tich cUe hda tinh ddc lap, tU chu boat ddng nhan thUe cua tre, b) Chuan bi: Mau choi kieh thich tre the hien tinh ddc eho tre quan sit; GV suy nghi lap, tu chu Tao hflng thu eho ve ndi dung trd chuyen vi cau tre qui trinh lim ehPi hdi chi dan cich lim eho tre b) Chuan bi: GV suy nghi c) Cdch tien hdnh trudc ve ndi dung trd chuyen GV dUa mau chcfi va eieh dat eau hdi cho tre eho tre quan sat Trong qui c) Cdch tien hdnh trinh tre quan sit, GV hUdng GV dim thoai cung tre dan tre cich lam dd ehpi do, trUde tre bat tay vio cdng nhan manh nhflng chi tiet noi viec vi qui trinh lim dd bit cua choi chpi nham giup tre gdi nhd lai Tuy tUng trUdng hpp, nhflng die diem cua ehpi tinh hudng eu the ma GV dfla (mau sac, chat Ueu, nhflng bd hudng dan can thiet (hUdng phan cP bin cua dd ehPi, cich dan bang Idi hoac lim lai gan eic bd phin vdi nhau) miu) Viec lim mau hoic clii 18 • TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO Dye-So 73-9/2011 HU-ONG DAN QUAN LY, sir DUNG dan eho tre can lUu y din kinh nghiem, nhflng ki ning cua tr^ vi dp khd eua sin pham + Vdi nhflng mau dd ehPi ma tr^ ehUa biet eieh lim, GV can hudng dan ti mi bang Idi ndi ngan gpn, rd rang, de hieu cich lim dd choi dd Nhflng ki ning nio khd hoac tre chUa biet, GV lim mau that cham tflng ki ning va khuyen khich tre lam lai + Vdi nhflng mau choi ma da sd tre da biet lim, GV hau nhfl khdng can hUdng dan, giii thich lai qui trinh lam m i ehi ddng vai trd l i ngUdi dan dat va td ehUe cic boat ddng eho tre; gpi y tre sing tao lim nhflng thfl choi khie 3.3 Tao tinh huong khuyen khich tre tU ldm chdi theo y tUdng cua minh a) Muc dich: Ldi cudn v i tri hflng thu efla tre qui trinh lim dd chPi Phit huy tinh tich ciie, chu ddng, sing tao eua tre qui trinh lam ehPi b) Chuan hi: GV tim hieu hflng thu v i k h i nang, von kinh nghiem eua tre c) Cdch tien hdnh GV quan sit, phit hien nhflng tinh hudng niy sinh qui trinh tre lim chPi vi sfl dimg eic tinh hudng dd de gpi md, phit huy nang sang tao cua tre, kieh thich tre tich cUc suy nghi cich giii quyet tuih hudng trd choi Vi du: Khi tr^ dang lim dd chpi "con sdu" bang nhflng qui bing, cdn thi^u q u i bing d^ lam dau Luc dd, de tri hflng thu v i khuyen khich sfl sing tao cua tre, GV cd the gpi y "Theo chau cd the dung mdt loai qud khdc de ldm ddu sdu dUdc khdngV - GV chu ddng tao tinh hudng nham gpi md y tfldng sing tao eua tre viec tao choi mdi tfl cie nguyen vat Ueu quen thude, hoac sfl dung nguyen vat lieu theo nhieu cich khic Vi du: Khi tre lim xong eon Ipn tfl vd hop sfla chua, GV khuyen khich tre lim them mdt choi khic 'chu Ipn se vui hpn neu cd them ban, cd the lam mdt vat khic tfl vd hop sfla ehua dupe khdng?" Neu tre lung tung, GV gpi y "Vdi cich tupng tu nhu lam Ipn, ehi can thay ddi each eat d i n cic chi tiet mat, tai, mui Chang han neu li thd thi hai tai dii, them spi ria " 3.4 HUdng ddn tre ldm chdi tai gia dinh thong qua viec phoi hdp vdi phu huynh a) Muc dich: Tang cUdng, ldi cudn sU tham gia cua phu huynh viec hUdng dan tre lim choi d tai gia dinh; Tao mdi lien he chat che gifla gia dinh n h i trUdng cdng tie cham sdc, giio due tre h) Chuan bi: GV lip ke hoach v i nhflng ndi dung eu the can trao ddi, phdi hpp vdi phu huynh viec hfldng dan tre lim ehPi tai gia dinh c) Cdch tien hdnh - GV eho tre mang dd chdi dang lim dd d Idp v i khuyen khich tre se hpin thien chung d nhi, ddng thdi trao ddi vdi phu huynh ve cdng viec dd de phu huynh hd trd tre II GV cung cap eho phu huynh tham khio mdt sd mau dd choi de lim, phu hpp vdi tre, sich hfldng dan lam dd chPi hay dia chi trang web ve lam chpi cho tre Trong trUdng hpp can thiet, GV ed the triic tiep hudng dan phu huynh lim mdt sd choi cho tre - GV cho tre trUng biy cic dd ehPi m i tre da lim de phu huynh cd cP hdi dUpe xem nhflng sin pham chinh eon minh lim, dieu khien phu huynh rat tU hio ve tre vi hflng thu cung tham gia vio cic boat ddng cua tre d Idp Nhan dip cac ngiy hdi, ngiy le, GVcd the td ehUc mdi phu huynh tham gia vio cudc thi "ngdy hdi ldm chdi" (gia dinh cua cic tre se thi lim chPi vdi nhau) Ngoii ra, GV cd the mdi phu huynh den Idp de hudng dan tre lim dd chPi Neu ed dieu kien, nhi trUdng/Idp ket hpp vdi phu huynh td chfle cho tre di tham cie ling nghe, cic nghe nhan lim choi dan gian d dia phflPng hoac mdi nghe nhan den trfldng/ Idp de trd chuyen vdi tre v i hfldng dan tre lim dd chPi Tai lieu tham khao ChUdng trinh GDMNNXBGD, HN 2009 Nguyen Anh Tuyet - Gido due mam non nhiing van de ly luan vd thUc tien NXB Dai hoc sU pham, H 2005 Tran Thi Ngoc Tram - Tim kiem vd sd dung cdc nguyen v&t lieu san co decho tre ldm chdi Tap chi Giao due so 63/7/2003 TAP CHi THlfr BI GIAO DUC - So 73 - 9/2011 • 19 ... dd choi de lim, phu hpp vdi tre, sich hfldng dan lam dd chPi hay dia chi trang web ve lam chpi cho tre Trong trUdng hpp can thiet, GV ed the triic tiep hudng dan phu huynh lim mdt sd choi cho. .. luan vd thUc tien NXB Dai hoc sU pham, H 20 05 Tran Thi Ngoc Tram - Tim kiem vd sd dung cdc nguyen v&t lieu san co decho tre ldm chdi Tap chi Giao due so 63 /7/2003 TAP CHi THlfr BI GIAO DUC - So... tao choi mdi tfl cie nguyen vat Ueu quen thude, hoac sfl dung nguyen vat lieu theo nhieu cich khic Vi du: Khi tre lim xong eon Ipn tfl vd hop sfla chua, GV khuyen khich tre lim them mdt choi