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MOT SO G I A I P H A P D O I MOT GONG TAC QUAN LI CHAT LUONG GIAO DOC • T R U H N G D A I H B E O PHAM LE CUONG* Giao due dqi hoc (GDDH) Viet Nam ben canh nhung thdnh tyu da dgt duqc, cung dang con nh[.]
MOT S O G I A I P H A P D O I MOT GONG TAC Q U A N L I C H A T LUONG GIAO DOC • T R U H N G D A I H O G iao due dqi hoc (GDDH) Viet Nam ben canh B PHAM LE CUONG* nhdm ddm bdo CL sdn phdm, thoa man nhu cdu khach hang vdi hieu qua kinh te - xd hdi cao nhdt; 2) QLCL dugc tien hanh d tdt cd qua trinh hinh thdnh CL sdn phdm theo chu ki: nghien cuu, thiet ke - sdn xuat - tieu dung vd bdo quan; 3) QLCL Id trdch nhiem ciia tdt cd cdc cap tu cdn bd lanh dgo tdi mgi thdnh vien td chuc QLCL cd chuc ndng chinh: chuc ndng hogch djnh CL, chuc ndng dieu khien CL vd chiic ndng kiem djnh danh gid CL Cdc gidi phap ddi mdi cdng tdc QLCL gido dye d trudng DH / Dua he tieu chuan QL CL ISO 9000 va phuong phap QLCL tong the vao QLCL giao dye truang DH Cung vdi khoa hgc QLCL, cdc phuang thuc QLCL dd dugc hinh thdnh vd phdt tren the gidi han mdt tram ndm qua Kiem tra chdt lugng (Quality Inspection - Ql) diin d cudi qua trinh sdn xuat (vd cung Id ndm ngoai qua trinh sdn xud't) nhdm myc tieu phdt hien vd logi bd todn bd hay tung phdn sdn phdm cudi cung khong dgt cdc chuan myc CL Cd the xem day Id cdng viec rieng ciia cdc nhd chuyen mdn hodc tra CL (vi dy bd phdn OTK cdc day chuyen sdn xud't) Cdc chuan muc CL dugc quyet djnh tir quyen lyc cua cdc cap QL tuyen tren, vai trd tra kiem soat cung thudc ve hg Ngudi lao ddng dugc chuyen mdn hda vd ddng vai trd rat thy ddng, phyc tiing qua trinh lao ddng, theo su QL ciia tuyen tren Chien luge kiem soat CL phii hgp vdi ca che QL hanh chinh tap trung Kiem soat chdt lugng (Quality - Control - QC) Id phuang thuc QLCL lay viec kiem soat tdt cd cdc khau cua qua trinh sdn xuat - djch vy Idm cdng cy chinh de gidi quyet van de CL, chii khong phdi Id khau kiem tra d khau cudi ciing Cdc chiic ndng QL dd dugc the hien sudt qua trinh nhu chien luge kiem tra CL Day Id buac tien cua khoa nhung thdnh tyu da dgt duqc, cung dang nhung han che nhdt dinh, dd «hqn che ldn nhdt cua GDDH nude ta hien Id chdt lugng (CL) ddo tgo (CLDT) chua dap ung dugc ddi hdi cua su phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi cua ddt nude vd neu khong cd gidi phap khdc phyc quyet liet, hieu qua thi ddt nude se mdt di lgi the cgnh tranh quan trgng ve CL vd sd lugng nguon nhdn lyc" Nguyen nhdn ca bdn dugc chi mdt each khd nhdt quan cho nhung hgn che ndi tren Id «viec quan li (QL) nhd nude ve GDDH cdn nhieu bdt cap, tri tre" (1) Vi the, cdn phdi ddi mdi todn dien vd mgnh me GDDH Viet Nam md ddi mdi QL GDDH Id khau dot phd Trong ddi mdi QL GDDH phdi quan tdm dung muc den ddi mdi cdng tdc quan li CL (QLCL) gido dye Quan niem ve QLCL Theo Bg Tieu chuan QLCL qud'c te ISO 9000: 1994: «CL Id tap hgp cdc ddc tinh ciia mdt thyc the tgo cho mdt thyc the dd khd ndng thoa man nhung nhu cdu dd dugc cdng bd hodc cdn tiem an" (2) Nhu vdy, CL sdn pham Id tap hgp cdc thudc tinh bdn chdt ciia ham chua sdn pham dy khong nhung dap ung nhung yeu cdu, nhung myc tieu vd chuan myc CL dd dugc xdc djnh, dugc «cdng bd" rdng rdi md cdn Id sy dap ung cdc nhu cdu su dyng «tiem an" cua khach hang (ngudi su dyng sdn pham) nhung dieu kien cy the (vd dugc dem bdng muc dd thoa man khach hang) Tieu chuan Viet Nam ve CL «TCVN-5814-94" djnh nghia: «QLCL Id tap hgp nhung hogt ddng ciia chuc ndng QL chung, xdc djnh chinh sach CL, myc dich, trdch nhiem vd thyc hien chung thdng qua cdc bien phap nhu lap ke hogch CL, dieu khien vd kiem soat CL, dam bdo CL vd cdi tien CL khuon khd he thdng CL" Theo dd, khdi niem QLCL dugc xem xet d nhung tieu chi sau: 1) QLCL bao gom he thdng cdc bien phap, phuang phap * Tracing Dai hoc Vinh Tap chi Giao due so 262 (k a 5/2011) E hoc QLCL, chudn bj cho sir xudt hien cua phuang thuc kiem soat CL a trinh cao han Bdo dam chat hang (Quality Assurance - QA) khdc kiem soat CL a cho, no chu viec tieu chudn hoa CL vd theo do, qua trinh sdn xudt dugc QL bdng he thdng cdc quy trinh dat he thdng dam bdo CL He thdng cho phep kiem soat todn dien qua trinh, chi ro qua trinh sdn xud't, dich vy phdi dugc tien hanh nhu the ndo, vdi nhung chudn myc CL ndo Trdch nhiem bdo dam vd kiem soat CL dugc giao cho moi ngudi Idm viec qua trinh chu khong chi Id viec cua tra d tuyen tren hodc tu ben ngoai He tieu chudn ISO 9000 Id sdn phdm khoa hoc QLCL tieu bieu cua chien luge nay, nhdm dam bdo vdi khach hang, vdi xd hdi rdng: he thdng QL CL dd dugc thiet lap theo hudng chudn hda, dd cd the cam ket dam bdo nhung tieu chudn CL sdn phdm theo chinh sach CL dd dugc cdng bd Quan li chdt lugng tong the (Total Quality Management - TQM) Id chien luge QLCL tong hgp, vua dya tren thdnh tyu tieu chudn hda, quy trinh hda qua trinh QL cua ISO 9000 nhdm dam bdo CL, vua dya tren thdnh tyu cua cdc thuyet QL nhdn vdn: phdt huy yeu to ngudi vd sy sang tao qua trinh lao ddng Day Id sy phdt trien cao nhdt cua khoa hgc QLCL, tren ca sd coi trgng viec tgo nen vdn hda CL, dd myc dich hogt ddng cua mgi thdnh vien td chuc deu hudng ve CL nhdm thoa man nhu cdu khach hang, ddng thdi, mgi thdnh vien deu dugc ldi cuon tham gia tich cue vdo qua trinh cdi thien CL lien tyc nhdm cung cap cho xd hdi nhung sdn phdm vd djch vy vdi CL cao Mdi quan he giua cdc phuang phap QLCL mang tinh ke thua vd phdt trien He thdng QL CL theo He tieu chudn ISO 9000 phuang phap Dam bdo CL Id budc phdt trien mdi cao han phuong phap Kiem tra CL, no md phgm vi QLCL tdi nhung ngudi thua hanh Phuang phap QLCL tong the lgi Id sy phdt trien theo chieu sdu, ke thua ISO, ndng QLCL len tdm van hda CL; d dd vai trd vd yeu td sang tgo cua ngudi dugc phdt huy cao nhdt TQM Id dinh cao cua he thdng chien luge QLCL hien dgi (2) Vi the, ddi mdi QLCL gido dye trudng DH ddi hdi phdi dua he tieu chudn QLCL ISO 9000 vd phuang phap QLCL tong the vdo QLCL gido dye trudng DH 2.2 Tang cudng kiem dinh vd danh gid CL gido dye cua trudng DH Kiem djnh CL mang lgi cho cdng ddng, dac biet Id gidi sinh vien sy dam bdo chdc chan mot trudng DH dd dugc chung minh thod man cac yeu cdu vd tieu chi ddng tin cdy vd cd du ca sd de tin rdng trudng se tiep tyc dgt cdc yeu cdu vd tieu chi dd de (3) Myc dich chinh cua kiem djnh CL Id nhdm dam bdo dgt dugc nhung chudn myc nhdt djnh ddo tgo (DT), dap ung yeu cdu cua ngudi sudyng nguon nhdn lyc vd dam bdo quyen lgi cho ngudi hgc Ngoai ra, kiem djnh cdn nhdm myc dich gidi trinh vdi xd hdi, vdi cdc ca quan quyen lyc hay vdi cdc ca quan, td chuc tdi trg, cap kinh phi Mdt sd khong it cdc td chuc, ca quan quan tdm den viec trudng DH/ngdnh DT dd dugc kiem djnh hay chua trudc dua quyet djnh tdi trg hay khong tdi trg cho trudng DH/ngdnh DT dd Hoc sinh vd phy huynh, trudc lya chgn trudng de ddng ki dy tuyen cung cdn nhdc xem nhd trudng hay ngdnh DT cd dugc kiem djnh hay khong Kiem djnh CL mdt ca quan hay mdt to' chuc chiu trdch nhiem trien khai thyc hien; cd the la kiem djnh trudng hay kiem djnh chuang trinh DT Ddi tugng kiem djnh cd the chi cd cdc trudng tu hay cd trudng cdng ldn trudng tu Kiem djnh cung cd the ty nguyen hay bdt budc Quy trinh kiem djnh CL gom cd giai dogn: a) Ty danh gid cua Trudng/Khoa: Trudng/ Khoa ty danh gid theo cdc tieu chi nhd nude hodc hdi ddng kiem djnh cua mdt nhdm cac trudng ty nguyen ban hanh Ndm 2007, Bd GDDT ban hanh Quy djnh ve tieu chudn danh gia CL gido dye trudng DH Theo Quy djnh nay, danh gid CL gido dye trudng DH phdi dya tren 10 tieu chudn sau day: Su mgng vd myc tieu cua trudng DH; Td chuc vd QL; Chuang trinh gido dye; Hogt ddng DT; Ddi ngu an bd QL, giang vien vd nhdn vien; Ngudi hgc; Nghien cuu khoa hgc, ung dyng, phdt trien vd chuyen giao cdng nghe; Hogt ddng hgp tdc qud'c te; Thu vien, trang thiet bi vd ca sd vdt chdt khdc; Tdi chinh vd QL tdi chinh Ty danh gid cd uu diem Id chinh nhung thdnh vien cua nhd trudng true tiep thyc hien Hg Id nhung ngudi hieu rd trudng DH/chuang trinh DT cua hg han het Nhung ty danh gid thudng thieu khach quan vd nhung ngudi khong chuyen thyc hien Tap chi Giao due so 262 (k a /aoin b) Danh gia ngoai: mdt nhom chuyen gia dugc uy quyen (cua nhd nuac hay hiep hoi cdc truang DH) tien hanh tham djnh tinh chinh xdc vd khach quan cdc vdn bdn bdo cdo ket qua tu danh gid cua nhd trudng theo cdc tieu chudn vd tieu chi danh gid CL dd ban hanh Danh gid ngoai Id mdt qua trinh nhdm Idm tang them gid trj cua ket qua ty danh gid, cdc chuyen gia tdt nhdt cung mdt hnh vyc chuyen mdn trien khai thyc hien Qua trinh danh gid ngoai nhdm Idm sang td them nhung van de chua dugc de cap day du bdo cdo ty danh gid vd nhdm tang them tinh gid trf cua chinh bdn bdo cdo ty danh gid c) Cong bd ket qua kiem dinh: cap chung nhdn ket qua kiem dinh vd cdng bd tren cdc phuang tien thdng tin dqi chung ket qua kiem djnh Neu cdc trudng DH quan tdm day du den cdng tdc kiem djnh vd danh gid CL gido dye thi viec ddi mdi QLCL gido dye mdi thyc sy dem lai hieu qua cao 2.3 Thuc hien viec phan cap mgnh me cong tac QLCL giao dye truang DH Cdn cd sy phdn cap manh me cdng tdc QLCL gido dye trudng DH, tren ca sd xdc djnh rd trdch nhiem cua Ban giam hieu nhd trudng, cdc phong ban, trung tdm, cdc khoa DT, giang vien QLCL gido dye Ddng thdi phdi xdy dyng he thdng vdn bdn chdt che, chi tiet ve chuc ndng, nhiem vy cua cdc phong ban, cdc khoa, trung tdm cdng tdc QLCL gido dye 2.4 Tin hgc hoa cong tac QLCL giao dye a truang DH De QLCL gido dye cdc trudng DH, nhdt Id ddi vdi cdc trudng dd chuyen sang DT theo he thdng tin chi khong the khong su dyng cdng nghe thdng tin Ngay bdt tay vdo xdy dyng phdn mem QLCL gido dye, nhieu trudng cd the chua hinh dung het cdc bdi todn cdn gidi quyet Trong qua trinh trien khai se phdt sinh hang logt nhung van de phdi tiep tyc hoan thien de Idm cho phdn mem QLCL gido dye ngdy cdng tien ich vd than thien han ddi vdi ngudi su dyng Tdm lgi: Ddi mdi QLCL gido dye Id mdt yeu cdu cap thiet ddi vdi cdc trudng DH nhdm ndng cao CL DT De viec ddi mdi cd hieu qua cdn thyc hien tdt cdc gidi phap dugc de xudt d tren • (1) Bp GD-DT Doi mdi quan li he thong giao due dai hoc giai doan 2010-2012 NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H.2010 (3) Pham Quang Huan Doi mai quan li chdt luong nhd trudng nhdm ndng cao chdt luang gido due Vietnamnet, 31/5/2010 (3) Pham Xuan Thanh Hai each tiep cdn danh gid chdt luang gido due dai hoc Hoi thao khoa hoc Danh gia chat luang giao due dai hoc, H 2005 ngudi td chuc, djnh hudng qua trinh nhdn thuc ciia HS, GV cdn kiem tra, danh gid ket qua BT phdt hien nhung uu, khuyet diem ciia HS, kjp thdi cd nhung dieu chinh phu hgp chudn bi cho phdi vdn dyng phdn kien thuc dd hoc d bdi trudc qua trinh nhdn thiic tiep theo dugc tdt han • de thdy dugc ddc diem, y thuc each mgng cua nam giai cap, tang lap xd hdi nude ta vd (1) Nguy5n Thi C6i - Pham Thi Kim Anh "Huang so sanh each xdc djnh lyc lugng each mgng cua d5n hoc sinh lam bai tap Ljch su" Tap chi Nghien Nguyen Ai Qud'c vd Tran Phu de thdy dugc sy ciiu gido due, so 6/1995 dung ddn cua Chinh cuang sach luge vdn tdt cung Tai lieu tham khao nhu nhung hgn che cua Lugn cuang thdng Mudi Nguyen Thi Coi - Trinh Dinh Tung - Lai Dire Thu Ddi vdi HS lap 12, nen tang cudng logi cdu hdi Tran Due Minh Ren luyen ki nang nghiep vu supham lien he thyc te, gop phdn hinh thdnh the gidi quan mon Lich su NXB Dai hoc supham Hd Noi 1995 khoa hgc, Idm cho bdi hgc trd nen sinh ddng, N G Dai ri Chuan bi giohoc Lich sunhuthe nao hap dan han (Ding Bich Ha - NguySn Cao Luy djch) NXB Gido *** due, H 1973 De tich cue hda hogt ddng hgc tap cua HS, cdn Phan Ngoc Lien (chu bien) Phuong phap day hoc su dyng phong phu, da dgng cdc logi BT BT cdng Ljch su Tap I, II NXB Dai hoc supham, H 2002 phong phu bao nhieu thi cdc hanh ddng cdng da Phan Ngoc Lien - Trjnh Dinh Tung (chu bien) Phat dgng bay nhieu Mud'n cd ki ndng mem deo, on huy tinh tich cue cua hoc sinh day hoc Ljch su djnh, van dyng dugc vdo cdc dieu kien khdc d truang trung hoc phd thdng Sach boi duang thuang cdng cdn tap dugt nhieu vd lien tyc Vdi tu each Id xuyen chu ki 1997-2000 NXB Gido due, H 1999 Tam quan (Tiep theo trang 46) Tap chi Giao due so 262