GIAODUCDANTOC GlAO DUC VAN HOA CHO HOC SINH D A N TOC THIEU s d VA TRff LUUNG V A N HdA TRONG SACH TIENG MONG THEO CHUUNG TRJNH GlAO DUC SONG NGff TS DAOTH!BiNH Trung lim Nghiln clini Giio dvc Ddn l̂[.]
GIAODUCDANTOC GlAO DUC VAN HOA CHO HOC SINH D A N TOC THIEU s d VA TRff LUUNG V A N HdA TRONG SACH TIENG MONG THEO CHUUNG TRJNH GlAO DUC SONG NGff TS.DAOTH!BiNH Trung lim Nghiln clini Giio dvc Ddn l^c Giao due van hoa cho hpc sinh d i n tdc thieu so Oing Cdng sin Vilt Nam ludn coi trpng blnh ding, doin kit, tddng trp gida d c thinh phin din toe dai gia dmh din tpc Vi^t Nam la mpt vin di hing diu cOa deh mgng nddc ta Trong chinh sleh dan t$c cOa Oing, chinh sleh bio tdn v l phit huy vin hda ddi vdi d c d i n tdc thilu s6 ludn nhat quin Vile gilng day vin hda din tdc thieu sd nha trudng Viet Nam hon 60 nim qua d l ddpc quan tim Ndi dung vin hda d i n tdc thieu sd Viet Nam d l dupe dda vio chuong trinh, giio trinh, sleh giio khoa gilng dgy d d e trddng dgi hpc cao dang chuyin nglnh v l chdong trinh giio dye phd thdng Trong nhl trddng, giio dye v i n hda cd nghTa II cung cap cho d c em nhOfng kiln thdc v l vin hda, giiip d e em ylu quy vin hda cOa d i n tdc mlnh, tdn trpng vin hda cOa d c d i n tdc anh em v l vin hda din tdc Viet Nam ndi chung, nhlm ning cao nhin thdc tinh d m cOa hpc sinh ve van hda v l hda nhlp vin hda Gilo dye vin hda tdc ngddi - vin hda cd tinh die thu II vd cung d n thilt bdi khdng cd thd vin hda chung chung Tuy nhiln, mdt qudc gia da din tdc, nhu d u hieu bilt lan va ddi thogi gida d e din tdc II vd cung quan trpng Oly II CO sd di td dan d i n sd tdn trpng lan gida cle din tpc d i m bio cho sd phat triln cOa mdi din toe v l el dat nddc Vdi nhl trddng d vung din tdc thi giio dye vin hoa cdn mang mdt y nghTa siu sic khic Trpng trich dat len vai nglnh Gilo dye la phli dio tgo ddpc mdt dpi ngu d n bd ngddi d i n tdc thieu so eo trinh dp chuyin mdn cao vdi nhdng tri thdc tiln tiln, cap nhat v l cl nhdng tri thdc die thu, tri thdc truyin thdng ddpc tich luy sudt q u i trinh phit triln cOa'cdng ddng Oly chinh I I d i khic rat cd bin so vdi ylu d u giio dye - dio tgo ndi chung Gilo dye van hda cho hpc sinh d i n tdc cd t h i xem II mdt nhiem vy v l cd yr nghTa sau xa nhlm d i m bio chat lupng cOa myc tieu dao tao ngUdi cho mdt vOng kinh t l - x l hdi cdn gap nhieu khd khin Vdi sleh giio khoa day tilng din tdc d tieu hpc vin hda tdc ngddi can dupe gidi thilu nhdng ndi dung sd giln phO hpp vdi tim sinh li Ida tudi v l ning nhin thdc cOa cle em, khdng can d t nghTa qui siu dting vin hda hpc din tdc hpc (hiln tdpng vin hda nly bit ngudn td diu, td tin ngddng nio.v.v) Oilu d n phin Inh chi nIn la nhdng hiln tdpng vin hda gin gui, phd biin cd Inh hddng tich cdc den sU phit trien toin diln cOa tri; nhdng net nhin vin, tinh than lac quan, y chi vuon lln dilu kiln khac nghilt, hay tinh ylu cudc sdng cOa ddng bio elc din tdc Cle ndi dung vin hda d n dUpe the hiln hii hda, thdng nhat d cl kinh hlnh v l kenh tilng (chO) Ngddi llm chddng trinh, sleh giio khoa d n xem dly II cd hdi thuan Ipi nhat de bilu dddng vin hda tdc ngddi, lam de mdi chd, moi bde tranh, moi ngd lieu II mdt thdng dilp v l van hda Din tpc Mong va mpt so npi dung v i n hoa dan tpc 2.1 Din tdc Mdng chilm tl I11 % din sd c l nddc sdng rli ric cle tinh dpe bien gidi Viet Trung, Viet Llo, td Lgng Sdn den Nghl An v l cdtru tap trung d d c tinh HI Giang, Llo Cai, Lai Chiu, Sdn La Tdc danh Hmdngz dpc gin nhd Mdng Cle din tdc khic gpi ngddi Mdng vdi nhdng t i n khic Ngddi Trung Qudc gpi ngddi Mdng la Milu, phit I m gan nhd II Meo Ngddi Kinh (trdde dly) gpi ngddi Mdng II Meo, ngddi khu Bdn gpi theo I m dja phddng II Meo Gan dly ed ngddi gpi Ho Mdng Cle ten gpi Milu, Meo, Meo, Ho Mdng diu khdng dung, khdng ddpc ddng bio chip nhin Theo t i n td, ngddi Mdng cd nim nglnh chinh: Mdng Od (Mdng trang); Mdng Llnh (mdng sQ; Mdng Hoa (Mdng dd); Mdng Ou (Mdng den); Mdng Sua (Mdng HIn) Cle t i n tU nly, chO ylu dUa vio sU khac v l y phye va tilng ndi KHOAHQCGIAOOVC*57 GIAODVCDANTOC 2.2 vin hda din tpc Mdng dupe hlnh thinh td nhl Khi bdde vio nhl khdng ddpc dam lln ngddng llu ddi v l ed bin sic rilng Ol giio dye vin hda cho eda Cd ddng hp, phy nd (eon diu v i gai) khdng hpc sinh ngddi Mdng, phii nim vdng nhdng hif n ddpc trio lln gle tdpng vin hda dang tdn tgi cdng ddng, bao ThCfba, vi trang phuc vd sdc hoa vdn trin vdy gdm cl nhdng biin ddi cua nd theo hddng tich cpc Nlu nhd d mdt sd vung, eddin chin nudi dung long hole tilu Cdc gia sue ehl biin thinh len, dg, rdi td dd lam quan Cd ngddi cho ring bin sic vin hoi Mdng d l lo; ed din sdng blng nghl sin bin tin dyng da thu phai nhgt Nghiln edu vin hda Mdng v l sp tdn tai di mic thi vdi ddng bio Mdng, II cd din trdng trot, nhdng nit vin hda nly ddi sdng c^ng ddng hp trdng d y ed spi thd d l dit vli llm quin lo, ngddi Mdng hiln cho thiy, cd ft nhit dilu dd l i d y lanh Thing mpt, thing hai, ed ndi thing chdng minh ring nhin djnh trin II khdng cd cdsd hai, thing ba II thdi vy trdng lanh Sau ba thing ThCfnhdt, vi ngdn ngCf, giao tilp phd biin sinh trddng, d y lanh din mua thu hogch O l qui ba cle gia dmh ngddi Mdng, d e philn ehp ngddi thing d y lanh si bj gii Spi lanh gii khdng tdt Phy Mdng vin II tilng m? di Nhin chung, sp khic bilt nd Mdng hau nhd khdng luc nio d l rinh tay, k l d tilng ndi gida cle nglnh Mdng ehl II sp khic di trin dddng hp diu tranh thO tddc v i ndi dc bi^t khdng nhilu llm v l td vpng Xlt v l m|t ngd spi lanh Viy cOa phy nddan tdc Mdng II mdt Im, tilng ndi cic nglnh cd mpt vli "gipng" khie nhdng die dilm ddpc cic nhi nghiln cdu din tdc nhau, tao nIn sp khie bilt ed quy tie Theo y kiln hpc chu y Viy cOa phy nd Mdng l i logi viy md, cd cOa de tri thdc ngddi Mdng, tilng ndi Mdng Llnh nhilu nip glp, chilu dii cOa viy gin bing chilu v l Mdng Ou phd biin hon so vdi tilng de nglnh rpng cOa hai khd vii d^t thO cdng (khoing 70cm), Mdng cdn Igi.TiIng Mdng Llnh ddpc chpn llm edsd nlu trii rpng viy thi chilu rpng cOa viy cd thi d l xiy ddng chd Mdng Cho din nay, de sleh biin dai khoing 2m Viy cOa ngddi Mdng thddng ed ba sogn bing tilng Mdng, dli phit va truyin logi miu sic khic nhau: mau tring; miu den hoic hlnh Trung ddng blng tilng Mdng, chO ylu sddyng thiu, in hoa, ghep vii hoa Trang phuc cOa ddng tilng Mdng Llnh Sau hoa blnh lap Igi d miln bio Mdng, ed ndi cdn co i o cung bo (io mac Bic (td nim 1954), Nhl nddc ta d l td chdc nghiln lin gilt bd llm ma cho bd me), l o mac cho ngddi edu tilng Mdng Chd Mdng d l ddpc phi chuan v l chit Cung nhd i o cung bo, i o mac chit ddpc ban hlnh nim 1961 [3].Td ddpc ban hlnh, chd khiu blng vii dep v i nhit thilt phii la vii lanh Mdng d i ddpc sd dyng dgy v l hpc d vung Md- tip hoa vin phd biin nhit II d c hoa vin hlnh ddng bio Mdng Ngddi Mdng trin trpng chd vilt hpc Trang sde vdi hp, vda II nhu ciu tham mT vda cOa mlnh nhd mdt phin tim linh, mlu thjt "Ngddi II khoe cOa; ddi nd cdn mang miu sic m l tin Meo cdchO" ddpc xem nhd mdt sd kiln trpng dai Od trang sde eOa ngddi Mdng ddpc lim chO ylu ThCfhai, vi nhd d Nhl cOa ngddi Mdng thddng blng bgc Od l i d c logi trang sdc thdng thddng nhd ddpc xiy d t gin ngudn nddc g