iHij DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN H 5 TRd DOI Mdi PHl/dNG PHAP DAY HOC O TS, TRAN OINH CHAU* TS DANG THI THU THUY* Viec ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) d cdc truong pho thdng hien nay phdt trien khd[.]
\iHij DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN H TRd DOI Mdi PHl/dNG PHAP DAY HOC O TS, TRAN OINH CHAU* V iec ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) d cdc truong thdng hien phdt trien khd mqnh me, da dqng, phong phu, gdp phdn ho trq dd'i moi phuong phdp dqy hoc (PPDH), ho tra cdng viec cua gido vien (GV), budc ddu ndng cao ch^t lugng DH Tuy nhien, ung dyng CNTT DH hien thudng chu trqng den IcT thudt CNTT md chua chu trqng nhieu den hieu qud DH, hieu qud cua bdi hoc Phdn lan bdi gidng dien tu (BGDT) mang tfnh trinh dien, ddi luc cdn Iqm dyng CNTT dua nhieu tranh dnh, hieu ung chCr, mdu sdc Ide loet ddn den chi phoi sy tdp trung chu y a HS, bien bdi hqc, gid hqc trd thdnh «gid xem", HS bi ddng, ft duqc tham gia vdo hoqt ddng hqc Qua nghien cuu Hep thu kinh nghiem qud'c te, tim hieu thye te vd thye nghiem DH, bdi viet ndy de xudt mdt sd' vd'n de lien quan den ung dyng CNTT giai doqn hien tJng dyng CNTT DH cdn xuyen sud't quan diem: tich cue hoa hoat dpng hgc tap cua HS, ddm bdo yeu cdu cua ddi mai PPDH Theo dd, HS dugc ddc ldp quon sdt, cd ca hdi thao tdc h-en cdc phdn mem dqy hqc (PMDH), phdt huy tdl da \u tich eye: so sdnh, phdn tfch, tdng hgp, khdi qudt hda, cdc sy kien, hien tugng, tCr dd ed the ty khdm phd kien thuc mdi hodc hi hqc mdt cdch chu ddng, tfch eye Truoc mdt, cdn: 1) Xay dung phdn mem cong cu PMCC) ho trg GV thiit ke BGDT PMCC Id cdc PM duac dung Idm phuong tien detgo cdc PMDH khdc Vdl cdc cdng cy ndy, ngudi dijng se ty tqo ro ndi dung phii hgp vdl myc dfch su dyng Vf dy: PM Buzan's iMindMap cdng cy ve bdn tu duy, PM Cabri Geometry, Geometer's Sketchpad cdng cy ve cdc hinh mlnh hqa hinh hqc ddng su dyng rdt td't cho cdc bdi gidng todn hqc, ddc biet Id hinh hqc PM Crocodile Physics, Crocodile Chemistry Id cdc PM cdng cy cho phep kien tqo cdc thi nghiem vdt li vd hda hqc tren mdy tfnh Tap chi Giao due so 6 (ki 7/2011) TS DANG THI THU THUY* Khdng cd PM ndo cd the ddp ung yeu edu cho td't cd cdc mdn hqc, phu hgp vdi cdc ddi tugng HS khdc ; vl vdy, phdi hudng den xdy dyng cdc PMCC chuyen sdu cho mdt sd' mdn hqc, de tu dd GV hay ngudi hqc cd the tqo ro cdc bdi gidng, bdi hqc phu hgp vdi yeu edu ve ndi dung vd ddi mdi PPDH Vf dy: PM Geometer's Sketchpad tqo cde md phdng todn hqc ddng (todn quy tfch, sy bien thien dd thj hdm sd', ) Si> dyng PM Geometer's Sketchpad ta cd the thiet ke de tqo dugc thi hdm soy = ax'«ddng" vdi a thay ddi bdt kl, tren mdn hlnh click chudt vdo hop «a thay ddi" to cd the quan sdt dugc thj hdm sd' ede trudng hgp neu tren, qua quan sdt HS cd the ty rut nhdn.xet ve tinh bien bien cua dd thj hdm so O trudng hqp ndy, neu khdng cd PM Sketchpad ho tro thi thudng ehi ve hai trudng hgp nhu SGK dd Id d6 thj cua hdm sd y = 2x^ (cho trudng hgp a > 0) vd y = - x^ (cho trudng hgp a < 0) md viec ve tren bdng hay tren gidy dudng parabol ndy cung rdt phuc tqp, Iqi thieu chinh xdc vd cung khdng the dua dugc yeu td' «ddng" nhu tren Hien nay, vdn chua cd nhieu PM de tiep can vdsu dyng dd'i vdi GV de ho ed the hr thiet k§' cdc BGDT phij hgp vdi myc tieu, ndi dung DH vd ddp * BQ Giao due - Bao tao ** t/i|n Khoa hQc giao due Viet Nam # ung yeu edu ddi mdi PPDH (thi§'u cdc PMCC cd ngdn ngu' tieng Viet ddnh rieng cho cdc bd mdn nhu Todn, Vdt If, Sinh hqc, Dja If, ) VI vdy, cdc nhd qudn If, cdc nhd ldp trinh, chuyfin gia tin hoc, cdn ed djnh hudng vl^t hodc tuyln chon nhO'ng PMCC ddnh rieng cho GV thilt k l BGDT Id mdt ddi hdi hit sue edn thilt N l u cd nhOng PMCC hd trg GV thilt k l BGDT se giup GV d l ddng thilt k l dugc bdi gidng ddp ung dugc y§u cdu ddi mdi PPDH giai doqn hien 2) Xay dpng thu vidn tu li$u gl6a dpc Cdn xdy dung mdt «thu vl§n" \u lieu: tranh, dnh, doan phim video,.'., phu hgp vdi chuong trinh S G K d l GV ed t h i si> dyng cdc \u li§u ndy thilt k l bdi gidng, soan gido dn didn ti> (vf dy trang web: ebook.edu.vn; violet.vn,' ) 3) Hu6ng dSn GV thiit ki BGDT ti> cdc PMCC cd sSn Trude cd y tudng thilt k l mot BGDT cdn chu y mdt so dilm auan trqng sou: lya chqn chu de DH thfeh hgp (Id nhung chu d l cd the dung BGDT d l ho trg DH vd tqo hi§u qud DH tot hon su dyng cdc thilt bj DH truyin thdng); h-dnh chqn nhijng chu de, nhung Hit hqc md viec thilt k l mat nhieu thdi gian nhung viec su dyng nd DH thi hieu qud Iqi khdng ddng k l Nen thilt k l BGDT di ho trq DH DH cde khdi niem, hien tv/gng khoa hoc truu hjgng md HS khd hlnh dung Chdng hqn, ed the md phdng, minh hqa nhieu qud trinh, hien tugng xd hqi vd d ngiral khdng t h i quan sdt trye tiep dugc dieu kien nhd trudng, khdng the hodc khd cd the thye hien nhd cdc phuong Hen khdc PMDH cd t h i giup HS ty Hm tri thuc mdi, ty dn tdp, hi luyen tdp theo ndi dung hjy chqn, theo cdc muc hjy theo ndng lye cua h>ng HS 4) Khai thdc su dpng cd hieu qud tien ich Internet cUo nguoi su dyng Hien nhieu hvdng hqc, nhilu GV van ehu trqng khoi thdc internet cho cd hieu qud VI vdy, edn djnh hudng cho ngudi su dyng khai thdc cho cd hieu qud internet phye vy cdng tdc gidng dqv vd hqc tdp 5) Dua tieu chi ddrm gid tiet day cd ung c/i/ng C N T T d i G V e d djnh hudng thiet kevd si> dyng, giup cdn bd qudn li gido dye ddnh gid xep loqi tilt dqy cd ung dyng CNTT chinh xdc hon; trdnh viec thilt ke bdi gidng mang Hnh trinh dien, kem hieu qud Mot so' bien phdp t/ng dyng CNTT do'l mdi PPDH 1) Boi duong ndng cao nhgn thuc vi CNTT Tuyen truyen, pbd bien, gido dye phdp ludt v l CNTT; ddo tqo, tdp hud'n chuy§n mdn, qudn li v l CNTT; am hieu cdc quy djnh ve dqo due, ludt phdp, qud trinh ung dyng CNTT (Luptsdnuu tritue, Lupt bdn auyen, ) Tdehuc phd bi^n vd qudn tri§t thye niSn cdc vdn bdn phdp quy cua Nhd nudc v l CNTT dd'i vdi GDDT Cdc co sd gido dye, cdc co quan qudn If gido dye cd the tra ci/u ede vdn bdn quy phqm phdp ludt vd vdn bdn dieu hdnh ve CNTT Td chuc qudn triet vd ndng cao nhdn thuc, trdch nhiem d i n cdn bd vd GV todn ngdnh d d\a phuong, trude hit cho Idnh dqo cdc don vj, cdc co sd GD-DT Triln khai thye hien Nghi dinh sd' / 0 / N D - C P ngdy / / 0 cua Chfnh phu v l ung dyng CNTT hoqt ddng cua co ciuan nhd nudc 2) Bdi duong kiin thuc, KN CNTT cha GV Vol trd cua GV viec ung dyng CNTT h-ong DH d trudng phd thdng cd y nahTa hit sue quan trqng GV edn ed nhung kiln thuc vd KN CNTT di cd t h i tfch hgp CNTT vdo qud trinh DH mdt cdch hieu qud: KN su dyng mdy tfnh vd mot sd thilt bj CNTT thdng dyng nhd't; KN Hn hqc co bdn; KN si> dyng Internet, KN fim kiem thdng Hn h-en Internet; KN g i / i vd nhdn thdng tin qua Internet (biet ldp hop thu dien h>, gui vd nhdn email, ), KN trao ddi thdng qua Internet (ve kiln thuc chuyen mdn, kinh nghiem DH ) khdng chi gidi hqn khudn khd td chuyen mdn trudng, md md rdng frong phqm vi \an hon, cho phep GV h> nhieu vung frong cd nuoc cd the tham gia thdo ludn cCing mdt chu de chuyen mdn, KN su dyng cdc PMDH h-ong chuyen mdn, ddc biet Id cdc PMCC tqo mdi trudng hqc tap mdi cho HS, giup HS khdm phd, gidi quyet van de, sdng tqo (ed nhieu PMDH khdc nhau, GV cdn biet lya chqn PM phu hgp vdi ndi dung DH, dd'i tugng HS cung nhu dieu kien co sd hq tdng CNTT) Hien nay, cd nnieu PMCC ddnh rieng cho GV ho trg tqo cdc BGDT cho cd nhdn, nhu: Buzan's iMindmap (ve bdn dd tu duy), Violet, LectureMaker (tqo bdi gidng) Flash (tqo hlnh dnh dqng); Geomete/s Sketchpad, GeoGebra, Cabri (mdn Todn); Crocodile Physics (mdn Vdt li); Crocodile Chemistry (mdn Hda) GV cdn cd KN su dyng mot PMCC ndo dd vd cd khd ndng tao cdc PMDH cd nhdn phye vy viec DH mot so' chuong, bdi thudc bd mdn minh phy h-dch De khai thdc, su dyng internet vdo DH cd hieu qud, lap ki hoach ndm hpc, GV bo mon cdn luu y: Nghien cuu npi dung, chuong trinh, chudn kiin thuc mon hqc md Idp minh dang gidng dqy d l ldp ke hoqch Hm kiem, thu thdp Tap chi Giao due so 6 (ki 7/2011) nhung thdng Hn hd trg mdt sd bdi hqc, mdt sd ehu de tren mdt sd trang web (ngodi cdc sdeh tham khdo thdng thudng khdc); Cung cdp cho HS mpt sd trang web co the tim kiem thong tin ho trg mon hpc vd huong dan HS cdch thuc tra cuu, tim kiim, lua chgn thong tin (nhu: moet.gov.vn; edu.net.vn (trang web cua Bd GD-DT); google.com.vn; vi.wikipedia.org; (bdch khoa todn thu md Heng Viet); (bdch khoa todn thu md Heng Anh), mdt so trang chuyen sdu mdt so mdn hoc: heymath.com; math-test.com/; mathplay.com; (mdn Todn) phet.colorado.edu/en/ simulations/ category/new (todn, li, hda, sinh, khoa hqc trdi ddt) phschool.com/science/ biology_place/biocoach/cardio2/intro.gtlm sinh hqc ; Duo mdt so chu de ngogi khda cho HS lya chqn GV cd the td chuc ede cudc thi nhd h-ong Idp hay khdi Idp nhdm khuyin khfch HS viec khai thdc internet phong trdo, Iqm dyng ede hieu ung PM Idm ngudi hqc bi phdn tdn sy chu y Cdn luu y rdng BGDT, mdy tinh, PMDH, hay bdng, phdn, td't cd deu Id phuong Hen, chi cd tdc dyng h5 trg, khdng gi thay t h i dugc loo dqng, tdi ndng, nghe thudt su phqm euo GV, sy dam me vd tinh thdn hqc tdp tfch eye cua HS Cdc phuong tien hd trq ndy too moi trudng cho HS 3) Tang cudng ndng cao trinh dp, hpc tu hogt dgng, tgo tgo tinh hudng giup phdt hien xa Trong dieu kien xd hqi phdt triln, yeu cdu ve van de Nen cho HS dugc thao tdc true tiep tren kien thuc, toy nghe dd'i vdi GV ngdy cdng tdng mdy tinh (mot cdch tdi da), kit hap vdi viec trao GV cdn tham gia cdc khod hqc ndng coo trinh ddi, thdo lugn nhdm, ghi chip, ldm bdi'tgp, d l HS cd the hr rut ro kiln thuc, trdnh Hnh trqng thirang xuyen Tuy vdy, dieu kien cdng trinh chilu mdt chieu tdc, GV khdng the tham gia cdc khdo bdi dudng Ddy mqnh viec t/ng dyng CNTT nhd tdp h-ung ddl hqn Hien nay, dd cd nhieu cdng trudng khdng nhi/ng ndng cao chd't lugng DH md ddo tqo nirdc, cd cde khdo hqc dugc dua edn gdp phdn ddo tqo ngudn nhdn lye cao ve len Internet, GV cd the theo hqc ede khda hqc tren hodc ty Hm kiem tdi lieu, ty hqc de ndng cao CNTT cho nude nhd; gdp phdn tht/c hien mdt cdc myc tieu euo Chiin luge phdt then CNTT-TT trinh chuyen mdn vd nghiep vy su phqm Viet Nam giai dogn 2011 -2020: «Den ndm 2020 4) Ndng cap ca sd hg tdng CNTT Tdng CNTT-TT Viet Nam trd thdnh mdt ngdnh quan cudng ddu tu hq tdng thiet bj CNTT phye vy cho h-qng ddng gdp tich eye vdo tdng trudng GDP cdng tdc dqy Hn hqc vd ung dyng CNTT vdo DH vdi ti le ngdy cdng tdng, Ngudn nhdn lye CNTTcdc mdn hqc Khuyin khich ddu tu trang thiet bj TT dqt trinh nhdm cde nudc ddn ddu khu vyc CNTT cho cdc trirang THCS vd tieu hqc de ung ASEAN ve sd lugng, trinh vd chd't lugng ddp dyng CNTT theo hudng tich hgp cdc mdn ung cde yeu edu qudn li, sdn xud't, djch vy vd hgc LTu Hen ddu tu co sd hq tdng tdi thieu nhu ung dyng nudc vd xudt khdu qud'c te Phd mdy tfnh vd thilt bj ngoqi vi cho cdc trudng d cdp, xdo mu Hn hqc, ndng cao trinh do, KN ndng vOng khd khdn de GV ed dieu kien tilp edn vdi ung dyng CNTT-TT cho ngudi ddn, ddc biet CNTT, vdi Internet thilu nien" • 5) Bdi dudng ndng cao nhan thuc ve doi mdi PPDH, theo djnh hudng tich cue hod hoat Tai Ii€u tham khao dgng hgc tap cua HS, nham hinh thdnh cho HS tu BO GD-DT Chi thi 55/2008 CT-BGDDT "Ve tdng tich cue, doc lap, sdng tgo, ndng cao ndng cudng gidng dgy, ddo tgo vd ung dung cdng nghi thong lye phdt hien vd gidi quylt vd'n de Khdng phdi tin ngdnh gido due giai dogn 2008-2012" Het hqc ndo su dyng BGDT cung td't, md edn lya BO But! chinh - Viin thSng Chi thi 07/CT-BBCVT chqn tiet hqc neu su dyng BGDT tren Idp se tdn "Vi Dinh huong Chiin lucre phdt triin cdng nghi thong dyng dugc tdi da uu viet cua mdy tfnh (cung edp tin vd Truyen thdng Viit Nam giai dogn 2011-2020 thdng Hn, tinh hd'p ddn cua cua bdi gidng vd Tran Dinh Chau - Dang Thi Thu Thuy Ung dung hieu qud hon so vdi bdi gidng su dyng ede c6ng nghe thdng tin day hoc m6n Toan & phuong Hen thdng thudng); trdnh viec chqy theo truOTig thSng NXB Gido due Viit Nam, H 2011 Tap chi Giao due so 6 (ki 2.7/2011) ... khdc); Cung cdp cho HS mpt sd trang web co the tim kiem thong tin ho trg mon hpc vd huong dan HS cdch thuc tra cuu, tim kiim, lua chgn thong tin (nhu: moet.gov.vn; edu.net.vn (trang web cua Bd GD-DT);... rdng BGDT, mdy tinh, PMDH, hay bdng, phdn, td''t cd deu Id phuong Hen, chi cd tdc dyng h5 trg, khdng gi thay t h i dugc loo dqng, tdi ndng, nghe thudt su phqm euo GV, sy dam me vd tinh thdn hqc... dgng, tgo tgo tinh hudng giup phdt hien xa Trong dieu kien xd hqi phdt triln, yeu cdu ve van de Nen cho HS dugc thao tdc true tiep tren kien thuc, toy nghe dd''i vdi GV ngdy cdng tdng mdy tinh (mot