NANG CAD NANG LUC SU DONG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOG TfCH CUE • • 9 • • • 1 Trong nhdng nam qua, truang CDSP Dien Bien da tfch cue van dyng ddi mdi phuang phap dgy hoc (PPDH) trong qua trinh dao tqo va ren l[.]
NANG CAD NANG LUC SU DONG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOG TfCH CUE • • • • • O Trong nhdng nam qua, truang CDSP Dien Bien da tfch cue van dyng ddi mdi phuang phap dgy hoc (PPDH) qua trinh dao tqo va ren luyen kT ndng su phgm cho sinh vien (SV) Viec ddi mdi PPDH dd dgt duqc nhung ket qua nhdt dinh thdng qua su nhqn thuc cua dqi ngu gidng vien (GV) vd su chi dgo cua nhd trudng viec bdi dudng cho GV ndm vung vd su dyng cdc PPDH hien dgi cho phu hqp dieu kien dgy hoc (DH) cua nhd trudng Ddi ngu GV trudng CDSP Dien Bien thudng xuyen dugc tiep can, boi dudng ndng cao trinh dd chuyen mdn, nghiep vy, tham gia day du cdc khoa tap hudn dieu chinh chuong trinh, sach gido khoa, ddi mdi ddnh gid chdt luqng hoc tap, theo cdc chuong trinh Du dn cua Bd GD-DT (Du dn Viet - Bi; Du dn ddo tqo gido vien trung hoc ca sd (THCS); Du dn Gido dye THCS vung khd khan nhdt) Tren ca sd ndm vung li ludn vd van dyng tdt cdc PPDH tich cue (PPDHTC) thyc tiin DH d trudng CDSP, GV se truyen Iqi cho SV Trong phgm vi bdi viet chung tdi de cap den vdn de «Ndng cao ndng luc su dyng PPDHTC cho SV ngdnh Sinh - Hda trudng CDSP Dien Bien" Van dyng mdt sd bien phap ndng cao ndng lyc su dyng PPDHTC cho SV / ) Cho SV dugc lam quen voi cac PPDHTC tu nam hoc dau tien Trong cdc mdn hoc ve kien thuc ca sd cua ngdnh hoc, kien thuc chuyen ngdnh, GV cdn su dyng thudng xuyen cdc PPDHTC (Idm viec cd nhdn, thdo ludn nhdm, trinh bay neu van de, DH theo dy an ), ket hqp su dyng hgp li cdc phuang tien DH hien dgi cd su trq giup cua cdng nghe thdng tin Trong cdc hoc phdn mdn hoc, GV cdn thudng xuyen td chuc cho SV duqc Idm viec theo nhdm, trao ddi, tranh ludn, neu van de hoc tap, each gidi quyet nhung van de dd thuc tiin dgt GV si) dyng cdc phuang tien DH, gido dn dien tu, tu lieu DH dien tu giup SV duqc tiep xuc vdi cdc phuang tien DH NGUYEN TH| PHUONG THUY* hien dgi vd biet each su dyng, khai thdc cdc thdng tin qua trinh hoc tap 2) Giup SV nam vung khai niem, net dqc thu va each su dyng mot sd PPDHTC De SV cd the su dyng duqc mdt sd PPDHTC nhu DH theo du dn, DH hqp tdc theo nhdm nhd, DH theo gdc, chung tdi tien hdnh: dua ndi dung kien thuc ve PPDHTC vdo chuyen de cua mdn hoc PPDH bd mdn; bd sung cdc ndi dung kien thuc ve PPDHTC vdo chuang trinh hoc vd td chuc gidng day cho SV thdng qua cdc hoqt ddng nghien cuu li thuyet, thdo ludn thuc hdnh de ndm vung bdn chdt, ndi dung dgc diem cua cdc PPDHTC, gdn vdi cdc phuang tien hien dgi, ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng DH 3) Td chuc cac bai tap thyc hanh tren lap va a nha, yeu cdu SV van dyng cac PPDHTC viec bien soqn mot ngi dung bai hoc cy the theo chuang trinh THCS Chung tdi td chuc cho SV tu nghien cuu, cdc nhdm SV van dyng cdc PPDHTC, bien sogn gido dn DH cho mdt ndi dung, mdt bdi hoc cy the chuang trinh hod hoc, sinh hoc THCS vd trinh bay trudc nhdm Thdng qua cdc hoqt ddng dd yeu cdu SV chi duqc cdc ddu hieu dgc trung cua PPDHTC dd dugc the hien bdi dgy (dgy vd hoc thdng qua td chuc hoqt ddng cua hoc sinh (HS) vd chu ren phuang phap tu hoc; tang cudng hoqt ddng hoc tap ciia mdi cd nhdn, phdi hqp vdi hoc hqp tdc; dqc biet chu y den su quan tdm vd thu cua HS, nhu cdu vd Iqi ich ciia xd hdi; day vd hoc coi hudng dan tim tdi; ket hqp ddnh gid cua thdy vdi tu ddnh gid cua trd) vd su hqp li viec td chuc cdc hoqt ddng hoc tap cua HS gid hoc 4) To chuc cho SV ndm vung va van dyng dugc mot sd kT thuat DH nhu kT thuat dgt cau hoi, kT thuat khan trdi bdn, manh ghep, so * Truong Cao dang sir pham Dien Bien Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki i 6/201n hrduy, kTthudtlSng nghe vd phdn hoi Chung chung tdi yeu cdu nhung SV dqt diem thdp tiep toi tien hdnh td' chuc cho SV thdo ludn ve cdc kT tyc ren kT ndng van dyng PPDHTC phdn ren thudt DH vd thyc hdnh gua viec su dyng cdc kT luyen NVSP thudng xuyen gid chinh khoa vd thudt DH cdc vi dy, ndi dung DH cy the ve ngogi khoa, giup cdc em ndng cao kT ndng van Hod hoc hodc Sinh hgc d trudng THCS Tu cdc vi dyng PPDHTC DH duoc tdt hon 2) Ket qua TTSP cua SV K10, KI Tren ca dy dugc xdy dyng tren ca sd ndi dung mdn hgc, yeu cdu SV van dyng vdo thiet ke cdc hogt ddng sd hudng dan cua GV d trudng CDSP vd sy giup hoc tap tren Idp, dgy thu nhdm, cdc nhdm da cua gido vien d trudng THCS, qua trinh SV ty trao dd'i, nhdn xet ddnh gid lan vd TTSP SV can biet van dyng cdc PPDHTC nhdn sy ddnh gid cua GV GV dua nhung yeu bdi dgy cua minh, ket qua duqc ddnh gid, xep cdu cy the cho SV tim hieu vd van dyng cdc kT loqi qua cdc phieu dy gid, cy the Id (xem bdng) thudt DH cdc bdi dgy di thyc Xep loai TTSP lan tap su phgm (TTSP) Khoa hoc Nganh hoc S6 Xuat sac Gidi Kha S V 5) Tim hieu ve nhqn thuc cua SL TL% SL TL% SL TL% SV sau di TTSP ldn vd nhung K10 Sinh - Hoa 41 19,51 31 75,61 4,88 khd khan cdn khac phyc trudc (2007 - 2010) K11 di TTSP ldn GV cdn biet dugc muc Sinh - Hoa 45 11 24,44 34 75,56 (2008-2011) dd nhdn thuc, ndm vung cdc ndi dung Xep loai TTSP \hn kien thuc ve cdc PPDHTC, nhung khd K10 Sinh - Hoa 41 10 24,39 27 68,85 9,76 khan ve van dyng PPDH dd, su dyng (2007-2010) phuang tien DH cua SV de cd ke So sdnh ket qua TTSP ldn cho thdy, loqi gidi hogch giup dd SV trudc vd dgt TTSP ldn vd xudt sdc cua SV KI cao han KI 0, li vi SV Mot sd ket qua van dyng 1) Ket qua thu duqc qua bdi kiem tra hoc KI duqc nhieu thdi gian nghien cuu ve cdc phdn bd mdn Chung tdi tien hdnh kiem tra ddnh PPDHTC vd thyc hdnh han KI 0; each tiep can ve gid sy nhdn thuc cua SV ve ndi dung li thuyet cdc PPDHTC cua SV KI nhanh hon GV cdng PPDHTC thdng qua bdi kiem tra hoc phdn cd nhieu kinh nghiem truyen tdi PPDHTC PPDH bd mdn, ket qua thu duac nhu sau: td'ng sd cho SV Sau ket thuc TTSP ldn (nam thu 2), SV cdc khod (K10, KI 1) Id 86; so SV dat diem SV K10 duqc tiep tyc hoc vd nghien cuu thyc 8,0 trd len chiem 43,1%; SV dat diem 5-7 chiem hdnh ve PPDHTC d nam thu 3, vd di TTSP ldn 2, 56,9%; Sd SV dgt diem 3-4 chiem %; khong cd ket gud cho thdy so luqng SV dqt loqi xudt sdc SV dqt diem -2 Nhu vdy, ve mat li thuyet cho cao han so vdi TTSP ldn thdy da sd SV dd ndm duqc ndi dung ca bdn, 3) Ket qua dieu tra ddnh gid nhdn thuc nhung net ddc thu cua cdc PPDHTC Ve y thuc vd cua SV ve PPDHTC trudc TTSPlan D i chudn thdi dd, SV dd thdy duqc sy cdn thiet phdi ddi b| cho dqt TTSP ldn cua KI 1, chung tdi dd thyc mdi PPDH, phdi su dyng PPDHTC DH cdc hien dieu tra ddnh gid sa luqc nhdn thuc cua SV mdn hoc d trudng THCS Ve thyc hdnh, chung tdi ve PPDHTC vd sy ndm vung phuong phap su dyng tien hdnh to chuc kiem tra cho SV soqn gido dn cdc PPDH td chuc hoqt ddng ciia SV Viec bdi day cd su dyng cdc PPDHTC, trinh bay d dieu tra duqc thyc hien qua cdc cdu hdi cd lien nhdm, gdp y vd tien hdnh dgy thu trudc nhdm quan den nhung khd khan gap phdi TTSP ldn hodc tren Idp GV dy vd ddnh gid (moi SV day 1, vd nhung yeu cdu chudn bj ciia SV cho ki TTSP gid giai doan chudn bi di TTSP) Ket qua ldn Ddi tugng dieu tra Id SV KI ngdnh Sinh ddnh gid ve gid dgy thyc hdnh cua SV K10, KI Hda vdi td'ng sd 45SV, ndi dung vd ket qua dieu nhu sau: sd SV dgt khd 32,5%; dgt trung binh tra thu duqc nhu sau: 60,5%; chua dqt yeu cdu 7% Cdu hdi 1: Kho khan ban gap phdi tham Ket qua kiem tra ve li thuyet vd thyc hdnh cho gia TTSP lan ve PPDH, each td chuc cdc hoqt thdy, SV dd biet van dyng kien thuc vdo bdi thyc dong tren Idp, van de khdc co lien quan)? SV hdnh gidng day, nhien, ket qua ve thyc xdc djnh nhung khd khan chu yeu Id: - Chua sii hdnh cdn thdp so vdi phdn kiem tra li thuyet Vi dyng thdnh thgo tung PPDH vd su dyng phdi hqp vdy, cdn cu vdo ket qua kiem tra bdi thyc hdnh cdc PPDH cdn lung tung (88,9%); - Chua thdnh Tap chi Giao due so (ki - 6/2011) thqo ve cong nghe thong tin dan den viec thiet ke bai giang dien tu mat nhieu thai gian (84,5%); - Gap kho khan thuyet trinh phan tich cac phim thi nghiem hoac dgt cau hoi (66,7%); - KT nang noi va dien dgt ngi dung nham lan, tu dung chua chudn xac (40%) - Td chuc cac hogt dgng hgc tap nhom thieu hieu gud (57,8%); - Phan bd thdi gian tren Idp chua hgp li (60%); - Ngoai ra, mot sd SV khdng djnh chua hieu dugc het tdm li cua HS ddn den gid hgc de HS cdn mdt trat tu, bao qudt Idp hgc chua tdt Nhu vdy, qua dieu tra SV chung tdi dd ddnh gid tuang ddi chinh xdc ve nhung mat cdn yeu ve kT ndng, ndng luc su dyng PPDH Ket gud giup chung tdi cd ke hogch de giup SV duqc tap luyen nhieu han cdc giai dogn sau Cdu hdi 2: Ban da hieu nhu the nao ve day va hgc tich cue? Cdc cdu trd ldi duqc chung tdi phdn chia thdnh cdc nhdm y kien sau: - Nhdm y kien thu nhdt cho rdng: dgy vd hoc tich cue Id gido vien phdi biet su dyng linh hogt vd sdng tgo, hieu gud cdc PPDH vd phuong tien DH hien dgi Gido vien cd vai trd Id ngudi hudng dan dieu khien HS gid hoc, giup cho HS phdt huy tinh ty lyc,sdng tgo, chu ddng hnh hdi kien thuc GV tqo duqc nhieu dieu kien, ca hdi cho HS duac trao ddi, hoc tap ldn nhau, khdm phd kie'n thuc duqc nhieu hon (42%); - Nhdm y kien thu hai cho rdng: dgy vd hoc tich cue Id ngudi day Id ngudi chi dgo hudng dan ngudi hoc, td chuc cho HS tu hoc, ty tim hieu kien thuc, HS Id trung tdm (27%); - Nhdm y kien thu ba cho rdng: dgy vd hoc tich cue Id sy phdi hqp nhip nhdng giua gido vien vd HS, thdng qua sy hudng dan cua gido vien, HS dugc hnh hdi kien thuc, gido vien Id ngudi cd vdn dan dudng cho HS khdm phd tri thuc, phdt huy duqc tinh tich cue, sdng tgo cua HS mdt each tdi da (31 %) Nhu vdy, du trd ldi theo nhdm ndo thi ve nhqn thuc SV cung dd ndm duac nhung net ddc thu ca bdn v i PPDHTC Cau hoi 3: Theo ban n PPDHTC nao phu hqp vai mon Hoa hgc a trudng THCS? Ket qua thu nhdn duqc tu y kien cua SV duqc xep theo thu tu lya chon ti le phdn tram giam ddn nhu sau: PPDH Dy dn 100%, hoc theo gdc 100%, DH vi md 95,6%, theo hqp ddng 68,9% Cdu hdi 4: Nhung kT thudt DH ndo bgn quan tdm vd hieu rd nhdt a ban? Ket qua thu nhdn duqc tu y kien cua cdc SV duqc xep theo thu ty lya chon ti le phdn tram giam ddn nhu sau: kT thudt khan trdi bdn 100%; kT thudt manh ghep 73,3%; kT thudt hoc tap hqp tdc 64,4%; kT thudt ddt cdu hdi 48,8%; sa dd tu 55,6%; kT thudt Idng nghe vd phdn hdi 51,1% Cdu hdi 5: Dy kien cua ban ve viec chudn bi va van dyng cdc PPDHTC cho thdi gian TTSP lan sap tdi? Y kien trd ldi: - Chudn bj that tdt viec ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin DH chiem 26,6%; - Phdi hqp cdc PPDH khdc nhau, kT thudt DH, kT ndng thiet ke bdi gidng, thiet bj dgy hoc cd ung dyng cdng nghe thdng tin DH: 44,4%; - Ren kTndng trinh bay bdng, td chuc cdc hogt ddng tren Idp, kT ndng thi nghiem, su dyng phim thi nghiem, internet, PP dung ldi: 15,6%; - Ren kT ndng dqt cdu hdi, thiet ke sa tu duy, kT thudt DH, each phdi hqp hqp li cdc phuang phap mdt gid len Idp: 13,3% Ket qua dieu tra cho thdy: SV dd nhqn thuc duqc duqc khd rd net ve PPDHTC vd cd dinh hudng nhdt djnh cho viec ren luyen nghiep vy vd chu trgng den ndng lyc su dyng cdc PPDHTC hogt ddng DH cua minh Vdi nhung djnh hudng nhdn thuc, ket hqp vdi cdc bien phap ren luyen cy the cua cdc GV qua cdc gid hoc, gid thyc hdnh se giup SV ndng cao duqc ndng lyc si) dyng cdc PPDH gid dgy dap ung yeu cdu ddi mdi PPDH d trudng THCS hien *** Ddi mdi PPDH nhdm tang cudng tinh chu ddng, sdng tgo, tich cue cua HS Id mdt yeu cdu buc thiet hien nay, theo nqi dung, ddi tugng, quy mo Idp hoc, dieu kien, phuang tien DH md gido vien lya chgn PPDH cho hieu qua nhdt Mdt sd bien phap chung dd su dyng qua trinh DH chuyen ngdnh Sinh - Hod, nhdm ndng cao ndng lyc si) dyng cdc PPDHTC cho SV tgi trudng CDSP Dien Bien dd cho kit qua tdt Trong thdi gian tdi, chung tdi tiep tyc nghien cuu vd van dyng cdc kinh nghiem DH cho SV triet de hon nua nhdm tqo tien de tdt nhdt cho SV cd nen tang kien thuc vd kT ndng su dyng PPDH sau tdt nghiep trudng, gdp phdn tich cue vdo qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH d cdc trudng THCS tinh Dien Bien.Q Tai lieu tham khao Nguyen Lang Binh (chu bien) - D6 Huong Tra NguySn Phuong H6ng - Cao Thi Thang M6t so' phuong phap va ki thuat day hoc tich cue B0 GDDT - Dir an Viet - Bi NXB Dgi hoc suphgm, H.2010 Nguyen Cuong (chu bien) - NguySn Manh Dung Phuong phap Hoa hoc (tap 1) (Giao trinh CDSP) B6 GD-DT - Dir an dao tao GV THCS NXB Dgi hgc su phgm, H 2005 Tap c h i Giao due so (ki i - « / o m ... lya chgn PPDH cho hieu qua nhdt Mdt sd bien phap chung dd su dyng qua trinh DH chuyen ngdnh Sinh - Hod, nhdm ndng cao ndng lyc si) dyng cdc PPDHTC cho SV tgi trudng CDSP Dien Bien dd cho kit qua... kien thu hai cho rdng: dgy vd hoc tich cue Id ngudi day Id ngudi chi dgo hudng dan ngudi hoc, td chuc cho HS tu hoc, ty tim hieu kien thuc, HS Id trung tdm (27%); - Nhdm y kien thu ba cho rdng:... 2, 56,9%; Sd SV dgt diem 3-4 chiem %; khong cd ket gud cho thdy so luqng SV dqt loqi xudt sdc SV dqt diem -2 Nhu vdy, ve mat li thuyet cho cao han so vdi TTSP ldn thdy da sd SV dd ndm duqc ndi