Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF TTNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 0005 Educational Sci , 2016, Vol 61, No 1 pp 39 49 This paper is available online at hap //sldb hnue edu vn UNG DUNG L U p c DO TU DUY NHAM NANG[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF TTNUE Educational Sci., 2016, Vol 61, No pp 39-49 This paper is available online at hap://sldb.hnue.edu.vn DOI 10 18173/2354-1075 2016-0005 UNG DUNG L U p c DO TU DUY NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA CUA CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUC TRONG DAY HOC HOA HOC TRUdNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG Nguyen Thj Than', Pham Hdng Bac^ ^Tnrdng Trung hoc phd thong Chuyen Hd Giang Hd Giang ^Nhd xual bdn Dgi hgc Supham, Tnfdng Dgt hoc Suphgm Hd Not Tom tat Ltfdc ttf (con ggi lii sd dd tif ban dd ttf duy, LDTD) ta mot kl ihuai day hoc da dtfde sff dung rpng rai d cac nudc tien tiln tren the gidi, dac biet dtfde ap dung nhieu d cac phtfdng phap day hoc (PPDH) tfch etfc phai huy kha nang lich etfc, chu ddng, sang Iao cua hoc sinh (HS) Bai bao niiy gidi ihieu mot soffngdung Itfdc dd ttf vao mol sd phtfdng phap day hoc tich etfc nha phUdng phap day hoc theo hdp ddng, day hqc theo goc day hpc theo dtf an giang day hoa hoc t^ tmtlng Trung hoc phd thong nham nang cao chat ltfdng day hgc mon Hoa hoc cf trtfdng Trung hoc phd thong (THPT) giai doan mdi Tirkhoa: Ltfdc ttf day hoc hoii hoc, trung hpc phd thong, day htic tich etfc Mol dau Trong muc lieu eua giao due phd Ihdng giai doan mdi theo nghi quyet hgi nghi Trung tfdng khoa XI, ddi mdi PPDH dffoc coi la mot nhflng gial phap then chdt ve ddi mdi can ban toan dien giao due Viet Nam Qua Ihtfe te ap dung trtmg giang day cac PPDH tieh cUe dang trien khai hien nay, chung toi nhan thay tac PPDH theo htlp ddng, day hgc theo gdc, day hgc theo dtf an la cac phtfdng phap day htic phai huy kha nang ttf htic, Itf sang tao, phiii trien ki nang mem choHS thtfc hien dung muc tieu ddi mdi giao due [I], [2], Cac phtfdng phap diu cd dac diem chung la chuyen ngi dung bai hgc thanb cac nhiem vu hgc lap, ma thtfc hien xong cac nhiem vu nay, HS se ITnh hoi dtfde noi dung bai hgc Tuy nhien cat nhiem vu thtfdng dtfde Ihtfc hien mgt cae rieng le chtfa ed stf gdn ket vdi Khi sff dung kT thuat LDTD [3] bang each he thdng hoa eac ngi dung bai hgc Ihanh LDTD se giflp HS hieu kiln thffc mtit each sau sac mdi quan he qua lai vdi nhau, iff dd gdp phan nang cao hieu qua eua ciic PPDH niiy Trong bai bao niiy, ehung tdi gidi thieu ve cac PPDH theo hdp ddng, day hgc theo gdc day htic iheo dtf an va gdi y ve ciich sff dung LDTD trting cdc phtfdng phap day htic trtmg giang day hoa hoc d tmdng THT*T Ngay nhiin bai: 15/7/2015 Ngiiy nhan dang 10/2/2016 Lien he: Pham Hfing Bac e-mail, bacph@hnue.edu.vn Nguyen Thi Than, Pham Hdng Bac Noi dung nghien cihi 2,1 Mpt so phtfdng phap day hoc tieh circ 2.1.L Day hoc theo htfp dong fijaniu a Khdi niem Hgc theo hdp ddng ta mgt hoat ddng hgc tap dd mdi HS dtftlc mgt hdp ddng Iron gdi bao gdm ciic nhiem vu/bai tap bat buoc khac irong mdt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh HS ehfl dgng va ddc lap quylt dinh ve thdi gian eho mdi nhiem vu/bai tap va thff iff thffc hien cac bai tap/nhiem vu dd theo kba nang cua minh Hgc theo hdp ddng la mgt blnh thfle td chffc day hgc cho phep giao vien (GV) quan If, kiem soat va danh gia dfldc nang ltfc hgc tap eua tflng HS nghia la tao cd hoi hoe tap cho tat ea HS Idp theo trinh do, nhip dd va Iheo nang liJc [1, 2] b Quy trinh id chdc dgy hoc ihco hgp dong [I, 2]: GIAI DOAN I: CHUAN Bl Budc 1: Chgn ngi dung va ihdi gian phit hdp+ Npi dung: GV chgn ndi dung to chflc day hgc; HS ttf quyet dinh thff ttf thtfc hien cac nhiem vu dtfde giao + Thdi gian: Tiiy theo ndi dung hgc tap Nhffng HS cd nhip cham thi hoan thimh nhiem vu bat budc tren ldp gid hoc; nhiem vu ttf chon cd the thtfc hien ngoai gid hge hoac d nha Iheo hdp ddng Budc 2: Thiit ke bdn hop dong idp hoc tdp Can cff vao ngi dung, thdi gian va dieu kien cu the, GV td the Itfa chtm va thili kl ban hdp ddng phu hdp Ban hdp ddng phai dfl ehi tiet de HS cd the tim hieu de dang, ki hgp ddng va thtfc hien nhiem vu mdt each dot lap va hdp lac, bao gdm cac nhiem vu bat bugc (dtfde xiiy dtfng dtfa tren chuan kien thffc - kT nang cua mon hgc) va nhiem vu ttf chgn (mang tfnh eung eo, md rong, nang cao hoac lien he thtfc tl) GIAI DOAN II: TO CHLfC D/\Y HOC Budc I: Gidi ihieu bai hgc/ndi dung hge tap vii hdp ddng hgc tap, thdi gian tdi da de thtfc hien eac nhiem vu Budc 2: Td chflc cho HS nghien eflu va kf hdp ddng GV kf xae nhan va ban hdp dong To chffc va hd trd HS eho cd hieu qua Budc 3: GV td chffc, htfdng dan HS thtfc hien hdp ddng Sau hoan nhiem vu, HS cd the Iff sffa Idi, Iff danh gia qua viec ddi chilu kit qua vdi dap an cfla GV, hoac eham cheo bai hoac sffa loi eho nhdm Budc Td chflc nghiem thu, If hdp ddng - Nlu giao nhiem vu HS hoan d nha, GV nghiem thu hdp ddng tai Idp hoc - GV nghiem thu hdp ddng dffa Iren cd sd ttf danh gia (he thdng sfla ldi hoac dap an) va danh gia ddng ddng (danh gia gifla cac HS vdi nhau) 2.1.2 Day hoc theo goc a Khdi niem: Day hge theo gde la mgt PPDH theo dd HS thtfc hien cdc nhiem vu khac tai cae vi tri eu the khdng gian ldp hgc nhtfng eflng hffdng tdi ehilm ITnh mgt ndi dung hge tap theo cac phong each hge khac [I] b Quy trinh thuc hien hgc theo gdc I lfng dung luge tuduy nhdm ndng cuo hieu qud ciia cdc phUiing phdp day hgc * Giai doan I: Chuan bi Btfdc I: Xem xei cac ylu td can thiet de hgc theo gdc dat hieu qua ve ngi dung bai hgc, dia diem, ddi ttfdng HS (kha nang ttf dinh htfdng, mffc liim viec chu dgng, tfch cffc) Btfdc 2: Thiet kl kl hoach bai hgc dffa vao mue tieu bai hoc, cac PPDH can phdi hdp vdi PPDH theo gde; chuan bi cu the vl thiet bj, phtfdng tien, dd dung day hoe, nhiem vu cu the va ket qua can dat dtfde d mdi gdc * Giai doan Td chffc day hoe theo gdc Bfftic I: Bd trf khdng gian Idp hoc/gdc phfl htlp vdi nhiem vu hoat ddng hoc tap (dam bao du tai lieu phfftlng tien, dd dflng hoe tap cin thili d mdi gdc) Btfdc 2: Gidi thieu bai hoe/ndi dung hge tap va cac gde hoe tap Bffdc 3: To ehflc eho HS hge tap tai cac gtie theo cap, ta nhan hay nhdm nhd tai mdi gdc (Iheo yeu cau cua hoat dgng) Btfdc 4: To chffc cho HS trao ddi va diinh gia ket qua htic tap 2,1.3 Day hoc theo du an a Khdi niem: Day hge theo dtf an la mdt hinh thfle day hgc, dd ngtfdi htic thtfc hien mdt nhiem vu hgc tap phffc bdp, ed stf ket hdp gifla li thuyet va thtfc hiinh, lao cae san pham ed the gidi Ihieu Nhiem vu cd the dUdc ngtfdi hgt thtfc hien vdi tinh ltf ltfc cao irong loan bg qua trinh hgc tap, tfl viec xac dinh muc dfch, lap ke hoach, den viec ihiJc hien dU an, kiem tra, dieu chinh, danh gla qua trinh va ket qua thtfc hien [ 1, 2, 4] b Quy trinh td chifc day hoc iheo du dn fl 4} Budc HS quyet dinh ehfl de va xac dmh muc lieu dtf an Budc HS xay dffng ke hoaeh thtfc hien bao gdm nhffng cdng viee can lam, thdi gian dtf kien, vat lieu, kinh phi, phtfdng pbap tiln hiinh va phan tdng cdng viec irong nhdm Budc 3: Thffc hien dU an hgc tap Iheo ke hoach da de cho nhdm va ca nhan Bifdc 4: Thu thap kel qua va cong bd san pham Kit qua ihtfc hien dtf an hoc tap cd the dtfdt tdng bd dtfdi dang biii thu hoach, bao cao bang van ban, bai trinh dien PowerPoint, poster, mo hinh, lap trang web tati md hinh hay vai that, Hoac nhflng hanh dong phi vat that, nhtf bieu dien mdt vd kieh, viec id chffc mot budi tuyen truyin nhdm tao cac tac ddng xa hgi, phdng trien lam trtfng bay tianh anh, quay video clip,,,, Budc 5: Danh gla dff an hgc tap, GV vii HS danh gia ea qua trinh thtfc hien va kel qua dat dtfde Viec danh gia ed the tiln hanh tmdc va sau kit thuc dff an, bang ea eac phtfdng pliap quan sat, van dap va viel Hoat dong xem xet lai dtf an de rut nhffng kinh nghiem cho viec phat trien dtf an hoac thtfc hien cac dtf an tiep iheo, 2.2 Svt d u n g ItfOc tiT t r o n g day hoc hoa hoc suf d u n g cae phiTdng p h a p day h o c tich etfc 2.2.1 Sur dung luoc tu day hoc theo hop ddng Trong day hgc Iheo hdp ddng, HS ttf ilm hieu, kham pha ndi dung kiln thffc bai hgc thdng qua viec thffc hien eae nhiem vu hdp ddng GV ed the sff dung LDTD day hgc theo hdp ddng bdng each them nhiem vu hoan ndi dung kien thfle toiin bai hay mdi phan eila biii hge thdng qua LDTD, cac nhiem vu khac HS van tiln hanh blnh thffdng Khi bao cao kit qua thffc hien nhi£m vu, HS bao eao san pha'm la cac ndi dung phieu hgc lap GV giao vii LDTD cfla minh Nhtf vay ben canb viec ITnh hdi dtfde kien thffc bai hgc, HS ed the he ihdng lai ngi dung biii hgc thdng qua LDTD Dieu se giup HS lien he dtfde cat nhiem vu htit tap tua minh vdi ngi Nguyen Thi Than Pham Hdng B^c « dung bai hge, ddng thdi giup cac em hie'u rd hdn nhiem vu cua minh cung nhtf ndi dung bai hoc Viec ap dung P P D H theo htlp ddng dat hieu qua tdt nhat thtft hien eac ndi dung dn tip, luyen tap [5, 6, 7] Vf du bai: Luyen tap Hidrticacbon khdng no (Hoa hoc k'Jp 11) Diic diem eua bai luyen tap cd p h i n Phdn kien Ihdc cdn nhd: Tdng hop nhflng ngi dung, kien thflc trgng lam L D T D hieu qua de HS khai quat va lien ket cilc kien thfle Nhiem vu lap L D T D niiy nen la nhiem vu bdt buoc, giao cho HS thtfc hien d nha va lam viec theo td de H S cd thdi gian iff dn tap, trao ddi va trinh bay san pha'm cua nhdm Viec giao nhiem vu cd the chia thiinh cac mffc: + Mffc I: L D T D cd can hdi GV xac dinh eae kiln ihffe tam, vii dffa LDTD dtfdi dang he thdng cac cau hdi cu the, rd rang HS khting phai itf xac dmh nhffng kiln thffc iam, ma chi can tim cac thting tin tia Itli cac cau hdi cfla GV va dn tap iheo he Ihdng ndi dung dd -HiinlD] j A 'ã'-ããã""ô H , -Nc.,cViM".M; / H anken .iiik.uIion ankjii ^ -, - l „ i , dM mmlt IK,;, Bai 44: Luyen tap hidrocacbon khdng no TKTH 'Lull ^.JL Ckl Mitc 2: L D T D cam (Hinh 2) GV se neu nhifng noi dung chi'nh can on tap dm'li dang cac tif khoa, HS tU long ket cac kien thiJc Clia cac noi dung dd, mttc nay, HS cSn tU v i tim toi nhicu hOn, Mile 3: HS tu xay dilng L D T D O miic dl) nay, GV chi neu len yeu cau lap L D T D tong ket noi dung kien thilc ctia bai, hoac cua chuong HS sc tu xac dinh cac noi dung chinh va cac noi dung tain Day la irnic dtj kho, HS CO CO h()i the hien nhiing sting tao, phong each rieng ciia minh Tuy nhien, cung cti nhOng han che nhat dinh HS khtmg nhan inanh dtloc nhiing niji dung chinh, tiing htip mijt ciich Ian man 'Mir «HM i n Cfttn tlung lutlc M lit (tu\ nbclm nditfi cao luell cjtui tliu tiicphlftlnt; phiiptlay hoi C A U TRIjC TlNH C H A T V A T LI (KUONG HIDROCACBON KH6NG NO "Mb mllli oi£u CHC V A en hoa gkiLozif CO the va benh neu dtfdng Sfl dung tnoi SO ngudn glucozd ttf nhien - Tim kiem ttf lieu ve vai lid vii chffc nang cua glucozd ct' (he (rong ddi sdng San pham vil - Xiiy dtfng bin biio cao PouerPouK - Tim kiem (tf lieu - Bcio Ciio PoweiPoini \ e qua tiinh chuyen hoa glucoztl tiong cti the - Bao cao PowerPoint ve benh tieu dtfimg vil each phimg tiiinh - Tim kiem ttf lieu, di thtfc te dm hieu ve ciic phtfdng phiip che hien stf dung, biio quan nid( sii ihtfc phi'mi chtfa gluct)Zti - Thtfc hanh Iam artfu tff qua diiu vii liim giiim chudi - Biio Clio PtiwerPoint vc quy tiinh liim nftiu diiu, giam chudi - Mau giam va atdu (tf liiiii 2.3 Tien hanh thtrc nghiem str pham va ket qua Chting toi dii lien hanh thirc nghiem sir pham de kiem ngliitim linti hieu qua vit klui ihi ciia viec day hgc hoa hoc sif dung cac PPDH then hdp dong da> hoc Iheo gtie day hoc theo dU an co sii diang LDTD giang day hoa hoc li tiuilng T H P T T N S P dlWc ticn hiinh viio niim hoc 2015 • 2016 tai ldp 10, I I 12 ctia tmilng T H P T lai lmh Hii Gi.iiig la Tuliliig T H P T Chuyen Hit Giang Ha Giang, T H P T ViSl Vinh T H P T Quan Ba vi'li long s6 HS th«c nghiem lit 244 vii doi chliiig la 240 H S , 22 giao vien K a qua ihiTc nghitim diroc Ihli ihiip vii xti li theo phuong phap thong ke toan hoc vc ca cac miit dmh tinh vii dmh Itfong qua cac ket qua biing kiem quan siit, phieu hoi, danh gia san pham vii bin kiem tra 15 phiit cua HS vii cac phieu hiii ciia GV Do khuon kho CO han ctia bai bao niiy nhiing phiin iich vii diinh gui cu the chiing toi se tiinh hay ti bai bao khac de^chi rd tiu diem ciia viec sit dung LDTD nong mfil so PPDH lich cite, gdp ph.an nhiim n.ang cao chat lUdng day hoc mdn Hii.l hoc li Irilinu: T H P T Ung dung luoc lU nhdm ndng cao hieu qud cUa cdc phuong phdp dgy hoc Kitluan Trong day hgc Hoa hgc d IrUdng THPT, GV cd the sfl dung cae PPDH Ifch cflc nhdm nang cao chat ItfOng day hoe Mdi Ioai bai cd each Uen hanh thtft hien thfch hdp, song cd the sfl dung rat lmh boat Nhd tfnh khai quat eao, tinh trtfc quan sinh dong, tfnh he thdng va khoa hgc, LDTD khien HS hffng thu hdn vdi viec hgc, va qua dd hinh va bdi dtfdng nang Iffc nhan thffc, nang li^c sang tao, nang Itfc ttf hgc, cung nhtf mgt sd ki nang mim khat can thilt cho hoat ddng hgc tap va lao ddng sau cung cgng ddng Ban than viee sfl dung LDTD day hge ndi ehung, day hgc Hoa hge THPT ndi neng da Iii mdt kl thuat day hgc ifch etfc, song nlu bilt phdi hdp sfl dung hgp If LDTD vdi cae PPDH tfeh cUc se dem Iai nhieu hieu qua cao hdn nffa, gdp phan nang eao chat Itfgng day hot hoa hot d trtfdng THPT TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Nguyin Lang Blnh, Dd Htfdng Tra Nguyen Phtfdng Hdng, Cat) Thj Thang, 2010 Dgy vd hgc tich cue mdt sd phuang phdp vd ki ihiidl day hgc Nxb Dai hot Stf pham Ha Ngi Trin Bd Hoanh, Cao Thi Thang Pham Lan Htfdng, 2003 Ap dung dgy hgc lich cue mon Hod hgc Dtf an Viet - B i Tony Buzan, 2008 Bdn dd tuduy Nxb Lao ddng Ha Ndi Pham Hong Bac, 2013 Van dung phuang phdp dgy hgc theo dif dn dgy hoc phdn hod phi kim chucmg irinh hod hgc Trung hoc phd thdng Luan an Tien sT Khoa hgc giao due, Trtfdng Dai hoe Stf pham Ha Ngi Dd Thi Quynh Mai, 2015 Van dung mot so phuong phdp dgy hgc lich circ theo quan die'm dgy hgc phdn hod dgy hoc phdn hod hgc phi kim d truang Trung hgc thong Luan an Tiln sT Khoa hgc giao due, Trtfdng Dai hgc Stf pham Ha Ndi Bd Giao due va Ddo tao 2006 Chuang irinh gido due thong cdp Trung hgc thong mdn Hod hgc Nxb Giao due, Hii Ngi Tran Tbi Thu Hue, 2010 Day hoc theo gdc, iheo du dn, theo hgp dong frong dgy hgc hod hgc d trudng Trung hgc phd ihdng Tap chi Giao due, Sd 243, tr 51 Nguyen Thi Hong Gam, 2012 Phdi then ndng life sdng tao cho sinh vien thong qua day hgc phdn hod vd ca vd li lugn phuong phdp dgy hgc hod hgc tnfdng Cao ddng su phgm Luan an Tien sT Giao due htic, Vien Khtia hgc Giao dut Viet Nam, Ha Ndi Dang Thi Oanh, Nguyen Thi Sflu, 2014 Phuong phdp day hgc mdn Hod hgc trtfdng phd thdng Nxb Dai hgc Stf pham Nguyin Ngoc Duy, 2014 Phdt trieh ndng iuc tu hgc cho hoc sinh thong qua viec sudung sa dd tuduy day hgc phdn hod hgc vd co ldp II Trung hgc phd thong Tap chf Khoahgc, Trtfdng Dai hgc Stf pham Ha Ndi, sd 6/2014, tr 132 - 142 ABSTRACT Using mindmaps when teaching high school chemistry Nowadays, the mindmap is a technique that is used widely in teaching, particularly in project based-learning, contract method and teaching corner, to develtip student activity, creativity and initiative This paper shows a way to effectively apply mindmap when teacbing high school Chemistry Keywords: Mindmap, leaching chemistry, high school, active teaching method ... hoach ^ To chffc bao cdo san pham ciia dtf an * Du dn trung binh a Cdc ndi dung kien thuc dexdy dimg du dn trung binh De tai cac dtf an trung binh thtfdng ve cd ban gidng htfdng de tai cua dtf... cite, gdp ph.an nhiim n.ang cao chat lUdng day hoc mdn Hii.l hoc li Irilinu: T H P T Ung dung luoc lU nhdm ndng cao hieu qud cUa cdc phuong phdp dgy hoc Kitluan Trong day hgc Hoa hgc d IrUdng... thdng Nxb Dai hgc Stf pham Nguyin Ngoc Duy, 2014 Phdt trieh ndng iuc tu hgc cho hoc sinh thong qua viec sudung sa dd tuduy day hgc phdn hod hgc vd co ldp II Trung hgc phd thong Tap chf Khoahgc,