D A Y M A N H L I E N K E T G I U A N H A T R U O N G V A D O A N H N G H I E P H J 0 N G T ( 3 l D A M B A O C H A T L J O N G D A O T A O N G U O N N H A N L J C D U L I C H • • O ThS NGO TRUNG HA*[.]
D A Y M A N H LIEN KET G I U A N H A T R U O N G V A D O A N H N G H I E P H J N G T(3l D A M B A O C H A T N G U O N N H A N L J C • L J O N G D U O D A O T A O L I C H • ThS NGO TRUNG HA* T lien quan den CL; 3) Moi bd phdn trudng deu phdi cd trdch nhiem viec DBCL Nhu vdy, de cd the ndng cao hieu qua ciia Du Ijch, mgc du mot phan lan sd hoc sinh, DBCL DTNNL, khdng nhung chi cdn su no luc tu sinh vien (HS, SV) cac ca sd dao tgo ndi bd moi NT md cdn rdt cdn den cdc bien phap (DT) du Ijch (DL) cung cap cho thj trudng lao dong phdi hqp chat che giua NT vdi cdc ca sd DN (LD) hang nam da co viec lam sau tdt nghiep, nhung tren thuc te, doanh nghiep (DN) nhung ngudi se true tiep su dyng ddi ngu nhdn rdt vdt va viec tuyen dung LD thi nhieu sinh luc sau qua trinh DT ciia trudng Thuc trgng phdi hgp giua NT vd DNDL vien du Ijch (SVDL) van khdng tim dugc viec Idm; mdt sd khdc, dugc tuyen dyng nhung khdng DTNNL dap ung tdt cdng viec nen can phdi dugc DT lgi Sau gdn nam thuc hien Thoa thuan hgp tac Nhu vdy, giua DT vd su dyng nguon nhdn luc lien ket DT giua «3 nhd": nhd nude - NT - nhd si) (NNL) DL van cd nhung khodng each, mdt cdn dyng (*), viec lien ket DTDL d nude dd khdc ddi cung - cdu DT cd ve quy md, ca cdu vd phyc ddn tinh tu phdt vd mdt sd han che, bdt dqc biet Id chdt luqng (CL) De thu hep khodng cap Nhieu CSDTDL dd lien ket vdi cdc DN de troHg nay, viec gdn ket chat che giua cdc ca sd xdy dung vd ddnh gid chuang trinh DT theo tung DT vd doanh nghiep du Ijch (DNDL) Id rdt cdn thiet nhdm ddm bdo chdt luang (DBCL) nguon ddc diem ngdnh nghe, vung mien; khao sat DN de ddnh gid CLDT vd hoan thien, ddi mdi ndi nhan luc du Ijch (NNLDL) dung DT cho phu hqp thuc tien Viec DT, boi Theo quan niem ciia Ca quan CL dqi hoc Australia (AUQA), DBCL Id su quan tdm cd he dudng ngudi LD, cap chung chi cac trinh dd, thdng vd lien tyc ve CL nhdm tri vd cdi thien ngdnh nghe theo dan dqt hdng cua cdc DN dd CL Qua trinh cd hai myc dich: - DBCL ben phd bien han Sd luqng CBQL cao cap vd chuyen nhdm tqo niem tin cho td chuc; - DBCL ben gia gidi cua DN tham gia gidng day hodc ndi ngodi nhdm tqo niem tin cho cdc ben lien quan chuyen chuyen de cho HS, SV tai cdc trudng DBCL Id mdt qua trinh vdi ndi dung dqc trung Id tang len; dd cd tren 20.500 HS, SV duqc tiep dn djnh ve CL thdng qua ca che chju trdch nhiem nhdn thuc tap, 4.500 HS, SV duqc kien tap, tham vdi ngudi tdi tra, ngudi su dyng djch vy vd ngudi quan tai cdc DN; tren 1.000 ngudi duqc nhdn su dyng LD Ngudi sdn xudt, ngudi dieu hanh, vdo Idm viec tai DN ddi tdc; DN ddi tdc dd tdi ca sd sdn xudt vd ca quan ben ngoai phdi hqp tra 450 trieu ddng vd 30.000 USD cho mdt sd hdi hda de tang trdch nhiem ngudi true tiep sdn ca sd DTDL, tqo dieu kien cho gidng vien, gido xudt (Sallis E., 1993; Pham Thdnh Nghj, 2000; vien kien tap tai DN, xet cap hoc bdng cho mot Nguyin Due Chinh, 2003; Nguyin Ldc, 2009) sd SV dqt ket qua cao hoc tap, Quan he DBCL duqc thuc hien dua tren nguyen tac phdi hqp giua ca sd DT vd cdc ddi tdc duqc ca ban: 1) Tiep can tu ddu vd thudng xuyen vdi tang cudng tham djnh de tdi, du dn mang «khdch hdng", ngudi su dyng sdn phdm, djch vy tinh chuyen mdn vd khd ndng ung dyng vd ndm rd cdc yeu cdu ciia hq; 2) Moi thdnh vien ngdnh DL; td chuc hdi thdo khoa hoc, gidi thieu nhd trudng (NT) cung tham gia dp dyng viec Idm; ho tra ca sd DT luyen «kT ndng mem" triet li ngudi hoc Id tren het vd moi ngudi dan vj deu quan tdm tdi CL vd deu cd trdch nhiem * Tnfdng Cao ding du ljch Ha Ndi heo danh gia ciia Bp Van hoa, The thao va Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki i 6/201 u cho HS, SV gdn DT trudng vdi hogt dong thuc tiin cua DN Tuy nhien, viec hgp tac giua cac ca sd DT va si) dyng nhdn lyc DL hien van «cdn rdi rqc, chua bdi bdn", the hien d mdt sd khia canh: - Chua cd chinh sach cy the, hieu qua vd ben vung de gdn ket ca sd DT vdi ca sd su dyng nhdn lyc vd nhung chinh sach uu tien manh de khuyen khich DN DL tham gia DT tai cdc ca sd DT; - Cdc thdng tin ve djnh hudng phdt trien NNLDL (nhdt Id thdng tin dy bdo cy the ve nhu cdu LD, cdc chudn ngdnh, nghe) chua thyc sy duqc «chuyen giao" thdng sudt giua cdc ben lien quan khien cho nhu cdu DT vd nhu cdu LD chua duqc nhdn biet mdt each chinh xdc; «danh myc ngdnh nghe lac hdu, cdn qua it so vdi yeu cdu su dyng, chua tinh het yeu cdu cua thj trudng nen khdng dap ung thyc tiin ; - Cdc DN ngdnh DL van dang thieu ddi ngu LD cd trinh vd cdn gap nhieu khd khan khau tuyen dyng, su dyng vd «giu chan" LD chdt luqng cao Han nua, nhieu DN cdn LD lanh nghe nhung sau tuyen dyng LD vua tdt nghiep Iqi phdi ddu tu them thdi gian, kinh phi de DT Iqi ddi ngu cho phu hqp vdi yeu cdu chuyen mdn cua minh; - Cdc CSDTDL chua quan tdm nhieu hodc chua tim duqc phuang thuc huu hieu vd ca sd du lieu chinh xdc de ddnh gid thyc trang viec Idm cua SV sau tdt nghiep Ngugc Iqi, nhieu DN chua thyc sy ho tra manh me cho nhd trudng tiep nhdn HS, SV tham quan, thyc tap, cung nhu sdp xep cho hq cdng viec phu hqp ngdnh nghe DT thdi gian thyc tap Viec bd tri thyc tap trdi chuyen ngdnh DTcdn nhieu, dnh hudng nhieu den nhdn thuc thdi dd nghe nghiep cua HS Theo dy bdo cua Vien Nghien cuu phat then DL, den nam 2015 ngdnh DL cdn tdi 620.000 LD tryc tiep, d tdt cd cdc hnh vyc, ngdnh nghe vd LD trinh dd cao (dqi hoc, tren dqi hoc, quan li) Viec DT bd sung nhdn lyc DL khdng chi du ve sd luqng md phdi dap ung yeu cdu ve CL (trinh dd kien thuc, kT ndng chuyen mdn vd quan li dieu hanh, ngoai ngu, phdm chdt, thdi dd nghe nghiep) Do dd, viec tiep tyc tang cudng phdi hqp chat che giua NT vd DN DT NNLDL de DBCL Id rdt cdn thiet, Id nhu cdu khach quan, tdt yeu xudt phdt tu Iqi ich moi ben vd mang Iqi nhieu Iqi ich «win-win" (cung thdng) cho cua cd DN vd NT, ddng thdi Id nhdn td quan tqo dieu kien thyc hien nguyen tdc cua DBCL DT NT se ndm bdt duqc chinh xdc nhu cdu nhdn lyc de xdy dyng Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki i - 6/2011) ke hoqch, ndi dung vd phuang phap DT phu hqp, cap nhdt sat thyc te Vdi DN, viec lien ket vdi NT se giup hq cd duqc NNL CL cao, phu hqp yeu cdu chuyen mdn vd phdt trien ve lau ddi van tiet kiem duqc thdi gian vd chi phi, nhdt Id chi phi DT Iqi Viec thyc hien cdc gidi phap ddi vdi cd hai phia se Id ca sd de tang cudng hieu qua mdi lien ket vd gidi quyet mdu thudn hien ve CL NNL De xud't gidi phap tang cudng mdi lien ket NT-DN nhdm DBCL NNLDL 3.1 Ddi vai cac ca sa DT a) Cac co so DTDL can chu dong, thuang xuyen han nua viec tiep can va ma rong mdi quan he vdi cdc DN co ngdnh nghe phu hgp de kip thai ndm bdt nhu cdu, tieu chudn md DN dang dqt cho ngudi LD, khao sat nhu cdu ddi mdi cdng nghe tai nai Idm viec; tang cudng gap mat DN ddi tdc, Idng nghe y kien cua hq ve cdc chuang trinh DT cdn xdy dyng hodc dieu chinh; bd sung, thay ddi ket cdu cdc hoc phdn, bd sung cdc kT ndng, ddi mdi phuang phap day hoc; chu ddng phdi hqp vdi DN djnh ki ddnh gid CLDT cua NT de cd nhung dieu chinh hqp li nhdm tqo nhung sdn phdm DT tuang thich vdi yeu cdu cua DN b) Xdy dung cdc ca che thich hgp nhu ca che tim kiem thdng tin phdn hoi ve sy phdt trien oghie nghiep cua HS, SV dd tdt nghiep (cd tdc ddng gido dye, djnh hudng nghe nghiep rdt rd ret dd'i vdi SV; giup cdc ca sd DT hieu rd nhung kien thuc, kT ndng nghiep vy DL - khach san, ngoai ngu, vi tinh; nhung phdm chdt vd kT ndng mem thiet yeu can duqc DT, ren luyen cho SV); ca che ve kinh phi vd cdc thu tyc hanh chinh nhdm khuyen khich cdn bd cd kinh nghiem cua DN nhiet tinh tham gia gidng day, hudng dan HS, SV, tham gia cdc hdi thdo khoa hoc vd ddng gdp y kien vdo qua trinh bien soqn chuang trinh DT, chudn kT ndng nghe, c) Thu hut DN tham gia vdo mdi quan he lien ket NT cdn lien tyc no lyc khdng djnh vd ndng cao uy tin ve CLDT cua minh thdng qua viec quan triet chu truang ndng cao CL den moi bd phdn, cdn bd, GV; thudng xuyen ndng cao trinh dd GV; ddi mdi ndi dung, phuang phap, phuang tien day hoc; tang cudng ddu tu ca sd vdt chdt phyc vy thyc hanh hien dqi theo hudng tiep can thyc tephyc vy khach DLtqi DN Ben canh dd, NT cdn tang cudng quang bd hinh dnh cua minh den DN; cung cap cho DN so luqng HS, SV cdc nghe, cdc cap, he DT cua minh; d) To chuc DT theo dia chi - DT theo don dgt hang cua cac ca sa kinh doanh DL; day mgnh viec ki ket cac thoa thuan ung dyng khoa hoc kT thuat va hgp tac DT, cung ung LD vai cac DN, neu ro quyen hgn vd trdch nhiem cua hai ben viec DT vd su dyng HS, SV Tgo dieu kien, vj trf cho DN quang bd thuang hieu tai NT vd ddng cdc tin tuyen dyng miln phf tgi trudng d) Tang cudng sd luqng va hieu qua cua cac dqi thuc tap, thuc te danh cho HS SV, ddm bdo cdng tdc phdi thyc sy mang Iqi Iqi ich thiet thyc cho DN Muon vdy, ke hoqch thyc tap phdi cy the, phu hqp dieu kien Idm viec cua DN, vdi nhung yeu cdu chuyen mdn, yeu cdu phdi hqp giam sat rd rdng Chi ngudi thyc tap cd the tham gia vdo cdc hoat ddng thyc tien vd cd nhung ddng gdp tich cue vdo ket qua cdng viec cua DN thi cdc ca sd mdi nhiet tinh tiep nhdn thyc tap vd tqo dieu kien phdi hqp 3.2 Ddi vai cac DN a) Can coi DT NNL la su nghiep chung, dd DN cd vai trd cdng quan trong, ddc biet Id viec sat vai cung nhd trudng dn djnh chdt luqng DT, tranh nhung «sdn phdm sai hdng", khdng thich ung vdi thyc tiln kinh doanh tu qua trinh DT b) Can kip thai cung cap cho NT thong tin ve nhv-cau tuyen dyng NNL ngdn han vd ddi han (ve sd luqng) cung nhu cdc yeu cdu ddi vdi NNL (ve CL) vd cac y kien ddnh gid ve CL NNL md ca sd DT da cung cap thdng qua viec DN chu ddng «dqt hdng" DT theo nhu cdu cy the; tich cue tham gia cdc hogt ddng cua trudng nhu xdy dyng chuang trinh, ke hoqch DT, thyc tap ddm bdo tinh hien dqi vd cap nhdt nhung cdng nghe mdi nhdt md DN cd; cu cdn bd tham gia gidng day li thuyet, thyc hanh, hudng ddn thyc tap, nghien cuu khoa hoc vd chia se kinh nghiem thyc tien phyc vy khach DL vdi HS, SV vd GV; tham gia chdm thi, kiem tra trinh dd ngudi hoc ; c) DN tu vdn giup NT lya chon vd mua sdm thiet bj thyc hanh phu hqp hoac chia se dyng cy, trang thiet bj phyc vy DL, phdn mem quan li khach san dd qua su dyng DN tien hanh ndng cap, mua sdm mdi Tdi trq, phdi hqp vdi NT td chuc cdc cudc thi tay nghe (phyc vy ban, che bien mdn dn, le tan gidi, hudng ddn vien tdi ndng, ) nhdm myc dich phdt hien HS, SV khd gidi de trao hoc bdng khuyen khich hoc tap hay ki cam ket tuyen dyng sau hq trudng vdi nhung dieu kien cy the d) Cac co so su dyng nhan luc tqo dieu kien thudn Iqi cho HS, SV vd GV cua trudng tiep can vdi nhung cdng nghe mdi nhdt cua DN thdng qua viec tiep nhdn vd bd tri thyc tap cho hq dung chuyen ngdnh DT, dung bd phdn cdng tdc vd cd che dp ddi ngd xung ddng, phu hqp dieu kien cua DN 3.3 Ddi vdi Bp Van hda, The thao vd Du Ijch a) Nghien cuu vd ban hanh cdc quy djnh chung ve hogt ddng lien ket DBCL NNL giua cdc ca sd DTDL vd DN, dd cd cd quy dinh ve quan If thdng tin HS, SV tdt nghiep cdc trudng DL duqc nhdn vdo Idm viec tai DN Tren ca sd dd, NT vd DN se cy the hod vd tim kiem nhung dudng rieng phu hqp vdi dqc thu nhu cdu phdi hqp; b) Tqo dieu kien thuc day nhanh qua trinh thdnh lap ca sd DT bde dqi hoc chuyen ngdnh ve DL nhdm dap ung nhu cdu dang tang cao cua cdc DN ve NNL vua cd kT ndng nghe gidi vua cd kien thuc, kT ndng quan li chuyen ngdnh nhu dd dy bdo giai dogn 2010-2015 Lien ket DT giua NT vd DNDL Id mdt viec khdng mdi nhung Id mdt xu the tdt yeu, khach quan, cdn duqc day manh thdng qua cdc gidi phap ddng bq nhdm DBCL DTNNL, dap ung Iqi ich cua cdc thdnh phdn tham gia vdo qua trinh Qua sy hqp tdc, cdc DN ngodi viec quang bd duqc hinh dnh cua minh, cdn tham gia vdo qua trinh DT nhu mdt hinh thuc ddu tu vdo nguon LD CL cao, giup hq chu ddng cd duqc ddi ngu nhdn vien ddi ddo, cd trinh dd vd tay nghe theo dung nhu cdu chuyen mdn Cdn ve phia trudng DL, sy hqp tdc mdt mat se gdp phdn dn djnh vd ndng cao CL DT hudng tdi myc tieu ddng gdp cho thj trudng nhung ngudi LD du kien thuc, kT ndng vd thdi dd nghe nghiep dap ung duqc mong ddi cua DN • (*) Duac ki ket tai hoi thao quoc gia lan thir I ve "D tao nhan lire nganh du ljch theo nhu cau xa hoi", td chirc tai TP Ho Chi Minh, 3/2008 Tai lieu tham khao Cac bao cao tai hoi thao quoc gia lan thu II "Dao tao nhan lire du lich theo nhu cau xa hoi", Ha Noi 2010 Nguyen Thi Thanh Phurmg "Quan li chat luang tong the cac trudng cao ding va dai hoc nganh dien" (De cuomg de tai nghien cuu sinh), Ha N6i 2010 Michael J Boella va Steven Goss-Turner, Human Resource Management In The Hospitality Industry: An Introductory Guide NXB ButterworthHeinemann, 2005 Cac website: http://www.vietnamtourism.gov.vn; http://www.idr.org.vn Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki - 6/201 n ... thdng tin dy bdo cy the ve nhu cdu LD, cdc chudn ngdnh, nghe) chua thyc sy duqc «chuyen giao" thdng sudt giua cdc ben lien quan khien cho nhu cdu DT vd nhu cdu LD chua duqc nhdn biet mdt each chinh... Iqi phdi ddu tu them thdi gian, kinh phi de DT Iqi ddi ngu cho phu hqp vdi yeu cdu chuyen mdn cua minh; - Cdc CSDTDL chua quan tdm nhieu hodc chua tim duqc phuang thuc huu hieu vd ca sd du lieu... thyc hien nguyen tdc cua DBCL DT NT se ndm bdt duqc chinh xdc nhu cdu nhdn lyc de xdy dyng Tap chi Giao due so 263 (ki i - 6/2011) ke hoqch, ndi dung vd phuang phap DT phu hqp, cap nhdt sat thyc