KY N A N G CONG TAC XA HOI NHOM CUA SINH VIEN NGANH CONG TAC XA HOI Ha Thj Thfi Trudng dqi hgc Lao ddng Xd hdi, Ca sd 11 Thdnh phdHS Chi Minh 1 Ddt vdn dd Cdng tic xa hdi la mdt nghd nhlm hd trp, gifi[.]
KY N A N G CONG TAC XA HOI NHOM CUA SINH VIEN N G A N H CONG TAC XA HOI Ha Thj Thfi Trudng dqi hgc Lao ddng - Xd hdi, Ca sd 11 Thdnh phdHS Chi Minh Ddt vdn dd Cdng tic xa hdi la mdt nghd nhlm hd trp, gifip dd nhimg d nhan, nhdm xa hdi yd'u thd Cdng tac xa hdi chia mdt sd ITnh vuc co ban: Cdng tac xa hdi d nhln, cdng tac xa hdi nhdm va cdng tie xa hdi cdng ddng Cdng tac xa hdi nhdm la hinh thfic gifip cua nhflmg nhln vidn cdng tie xa hdi dd'i vdi d c nhdm xa hdi yd'u thd (nhdm cua nhumg ngudi d n dupc gifip dd) Bai vie't ban vd ky nang cdng tac xa hdi nhdm cua sinh vien nganh cdng tac xa bdi Hay ndi d c h khac, la ky nang cua sinh vidn nganh cdng tie xa hdi giup dd d c nhdm xa hdi yd'u thd Khai niem nhdm d dly la di chi nhdm nhflmg ngudi ydu the, cln dupc gifip Trong nghien cfiu nay, ky nang cdng tac xa bdi nhdm cua sinh vien nganh cdng tac xa bdi dupc tim hidu d hai gdc dd: Nhln thfic vd d c bidu hien d n cd cfia ky ning va tfi danh gil vd kha ning thfic hidn chung Cac ky nang dupc xac djnh d dly gdm ba nhdm chinh: nhdm ky nang td chfic giao tidp, nhdm ky nang thfic dly tid'n trinh nhdm va nhdm ky ning didu phdi nhdm Mdi nhdm bao gdm mdt sd ky nang phln va d c bidu hidn cua chfing Phln phln tich dudi dly se tap trung nhidu dd'n tu danh gia cua sinh vien vd kha ning thuc hien d c hlnh ddng, la nhihig bidu bidn cua ky nang Phuong phap va khach the nghien curu Phucmg phdp nghien cdcu Phuong phap chinh dupc thfic hidn nghidn cfim la khao sat bang bang hdi, phdng vln slu va quan sit N6i dung cua bang hdi dd elp dd'n 88 TAPCHfTAMLtHOC,Sdl2(153), 12 2011 d c bidu hidn cua timg ky nang Sinh vien se chi mfic dd cln thiet cua tfing bidu hien troiig mdi ky nang (gdm bdn mfic dd: Cln lam tit d mpi trudmg hop, can lam tuong dd'i nhidu trudng hop, cln lam chi mdt sd it trudng hop va hoan toan khdng cln lam) Cac bidu hidn cua he thd'ng ky nang cdng tie xa hdi nhdm dupc ndu d day ddu la nhflng bidu hien cln thidt phai thuc hien mpi trudmg hop Sinh vien cflng tu danh gia nang thuc hien cua minh d mfic dd: Thtrc hidn td't, thuc hidn d mfic kha, thuc hien d mfic trung binh va khd thuc hien Didm danh gia d d hai trudng hpp (nhan thfic va kha nang thuc hien) thlp nhit la va cao nhll la 4, vdi y nghTa diem d n g cao thi d n g cd hidu biet tdt vd d c bidu hidn cua ky nang hoac tu danh gia la cd kha nang thuc hien tdt d c hanh ddng dd Trong phdng vln sau, nhflmg suy nghT cung nhu nhflng khd khan thuc hien d c hanh ddng dupc kham pha d mdt sd trudmg hop cu thd dd khai thac sau ban vln dd nghidn cim Cac ky nang va kidn thfic cua sinh vien cung dupc quan sat d c gid hpc tren ldp Khdch thi nghien ciru Khach thd nghien cfiu chinh gdm 410 sinh vien (hien dang hpc nganh cdng tac xa hdi d d c trudmg dai hpc cd dao tao cdng tie xa hdi trdn dja ban phd Ha Ndi va phd Hd Chi Minh) tri ldi phie'u didu tra d nhan Tuy nhien, qua trinh phan tich sd lieu cd 24 phieu bi loai khoi phan tich vi khdng didn dly du thdng tin 386 phid'u hop le dupc sfi dung cho xfi ly ket qua didu tra vd ky nang cdng tac xa hdi nhdm Ket qua nghien cfiu Phln trinh bay ky nang cdng tie xa hdi nhdm cua sinh vidn d hai binh didn la nhan thfic va su tu danh gia cua hp Nhan thfic la chi mfic dd hidu biet vd nhflmg bidu hien d n cd cua ky nang, cdn tu danh gia la danh gia cua hp vd kha nang tbuc hien d c hanh ddng cua minh trdn co sd nhflng gi dupc dao tao tren ldp ma hp tidp thu dupe va thuc td thuc hanh cua hp tren ldp cfing nhu d thuc dia 3.1 Ky ndng td chitc giao tie'p vdi nhdm xd hgi ye'u the Ky nang td chfic giao tiep vdi nhdm xa hdi ydu the (cum tfi nhdm xa hdi yeu the bai dupc gpi tit la nhdm) dupc the hien qua hai ky nang phln la ky nang thu hut/ldi cud'n vidn va ky nang tao lap md'i quan hd vdi d c vien nhdm Mdi ky nang phln bao gdm dd mdt sd ky nang cu the va nhimg ky nang se cd nhfing bidu bidn nhit dinh qua d c hanh ddng cua ngudi a Ky ndng thu hut/ldi cudn thdnh viin cua nhdm TAPCHfTAM LtHOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 89 Bdng 1: Ky ndng cua sinh viin thu hut ldi cudn thdnh viin nhdm (Diim trung binh) STT C^c k5^ nang eu thd Nhan thfic ve d c hlnh ddng cln c6 Tu danh gil vd kha nang thuc hien Thuye't truih, thuydt phuc 3,26 2,73 Tridn khai boat ddng nhdm 3,10 2,60 Nhay cam vdi nhu clu ciia cac vien nhdm 2,78 2.79 Khich le vl thie't lap mdi tmdng tdn trpng nhdm 3,63 3.09 Nhan thfic cua sinh vidn vd ky nang thu bfit/ldi cudn vidn nhdm va tu danh gil vd ning cd thd dat dupc cua minh dupc hidn thi d bang Kdt qua cho th^y, nhan thfic cua sinh vidn vd d c ky nang cu thd cua ky nang thu bfit/ldi cud'n thinh vidn nhdm dao ddng tfi 2,78 ddn 3,63, cd nghTa la hp nhan th^y, nhin chung, nhflmg ky nang cln dupc thuc hidn tuong ddi nhidu trudng hpp Trong dd, ky nang "Khich li vd thiei lap mdi trudng tdn trgng nhdm" dupe sinh vidn nhan thfic tdt ban d vdi DTB la 3,63 (gin mfic didm cao nhit la tfic la d n lam mpi trudng hpp) Cd thd th^y d c bidu hien cua ky nang nhu: Sd dung ldi ndi khuyen khich, khen nggi kip thdi; Tdn trgng y kiin cda thdnh viin viic xdy dung ndi quy, quy dinh sinh hoqt nhdm; Tap trung vd tdn trgng y kii'n ddng gdp cua cdc thdnh viin hay Cho cdc thdnh viin chia se vi trdi nghiem cua bdn thdn da dupc sinh vidn nhln thfic dly du Bdn canh dd, d c bidu bidn cua ky ning thuydt trinh, thuydt phuc nhu: Cd khd ndng ndi mqch Iqc ve ndi dung sinh hoqt; Ddng ngdn td di hiiu, gdn gui vd phu hgp vdi nhdm; Chu y ghi nhd vd sd dung dugc mdt sd tieng Idng/td dia phuang; Chudn bi bdi trinh bdy chu ddo hay Giong ndi to, dm dp, truyin cdm cung dupc sinh vidn nhln thfic dly du Tuy nhidn, ky ning "Nhay cdm vdi nhu cdu cua cdc thdnh viin nhdm" duac sinh vien nhan thfic th^p nhflit vdi DTB 112,78 (tfic la d n lam tuong ddi nhidu trudng hpp) Nhflng bidu bidn cua ky nang nly nhu: Chu y din nhOng thdnh viin it tham gia bdn thdn hg c6 nhieu hqn chi (tdm ly rut re, hqn chi vi nhin, hqn chive nghe); Cho thdnh viin tu lua chgn chu de ldm viec mac du la nhflmg hanh ddng thuc su d n thidt mpi cudc lam vide nhdm nhung sinh 90 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 vien vln chua nhan thfic dupc dly du vln dd, dac biet vide dd d c vien tu chia se da chua dupe luu tam Nhu vay cd thd thiy, nhln thfic cua sinh vien chua ddng ddu d d e mat khac Dieu cd thd anh hudng ddn kha nang van dung va thuc hien cua sinh vien thuc td cdng vide Tu danh gia vd kha nang thuc hien cua sinh vien thd hien qua bang cho thay, sinh vien tu danh gia kha nang thuc hien ky nang thu hut/ldi cud'n vidri nhdm cua minh, nhin chung, d mfic kha Trong dd, ky nang "Khich li vd thiit lap mdi trudng tdn trgng nhdm" dugc sinh vien cho ring, minh thuc hien td't ban d (vdi DTB la 3.09) Ky nang thd hien viec tridn khai hoat ddng nhdm (vdi DTB la 2.60) luy cung dat mfic kha nhung vdi sd didm thlp nhll so vdi d c ky nang cu thd khac Cac bidu hien cu thd cua ky nang tridn khai boat ddng nhdm nhu: Sd dung nhiiu phuang phdp ldm viic budi ldm viic; Long ghep ndi dimg vdo cdc hoqt ddng vui nhdn (trd chai, ki chuyin, diin kich ); Kit hgp bdi tap thi due thu gidn ni'u thdi gian ldm viic keo tidi; Quan sdt vd trd ldi kip thdi cdu hdi cua cdc thdnh viin; Khdng di thdi gian chii (thdi gian trdi di md khdng cd muc dich rdrdng) dupe sinh vien cho ring, thuc hien khd hom d c hanh ddng khac, dac biet viec ldng ghep ndi dung khie'n hp thiy khd khan hon d Bi lam dupe didu ddi hoi sinh vidn phai cd dp linh boat va dd thuc cao ban nfia, nhfing didu chi cd hp dupe trai nghidm nhihig hoat ddng thuc te nhidu hom ^ Dd'i chidu nhan thfic va kha nang thuc hien cua sinh vien cd thd nhan thay d blu bet d c ky nang, nhan thfic cua hp ddu cao hom kha nang thuc hien Sd lieu cflng cho tha'y, sinh vien cd su nhan thfic cao nha't va cho la minh thuc hien tdt nha't d ky nang "Khich li vd thiii lap mdi trudng tdn trgng nhdm" Qua quan sat vide sinh vien giai d c bai tap tinh hudng trdn ldp chung tdi cflng nhan thiy, sinh vidn da thuc hien dupc ky nang cu thd qua bieu hien nhu: biet tdn trpng y kien vien nhdm viec xay dung ndi quy, quy djnh sinh boat nhdm hay tao didu kidn cho vien nhdm chia se nhiimg trai nghiem cua ban than Tuy nhien, vdi ky nang "Triin khai hoqt ddng nhdm" thi gifla nhan thfic (DTB: 3,10) va kha nang thuc hien (DTB: 2,60) cd su chenh lech dang kd Nhu vay, mac du sinh vien cd nhan thfic cao nhung cd thd nang thuc hien chua cao Didu cho thiy, viec hpc ly thuydt thdi chua the du cho su hinh va phat tridn ky nang thu hut/ldi cudn vidn nhdm cua sinh vien Tfi phan tich sd lieu, kd't hpp vdi ket qua cua d c phuang phap nghien cfiu khac cho phep nhan dinh: - Nhan thfic va kha nang thfic hien ky nang thu bfit/ldi cudn vidn nhdm d mfic kha, la mfic nhln thfic tuong dd'i dly du d c bidu hidn ky ning va TAPCHfTAM LtHOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 91 cflng tu tin nhan thiy minh cd nang thfic hidn tuong ddi td't - Cd su chdnh lech vd nhan thfic vl kha nang thuc hien ky nang, cu thd, d ky nang thinh phln "Triin khai hoqt ddng nhdm" thi gifla nhln thfic va kha nang thuc hien cd su chenh lech ding kd Didu dd cho thiy, kha ning thuc hien khdng chi pliu thudc vIo nhin thfic ml cdn cd thd phu thudc vao nhflng ydu td khac nhu kinli nghidm sdng, kinh nghiem nghd nghiep, sfi tu rdn luyen cua sinh vien b Ky ndng cua sinh viin viic tqo Itip mdi quan hi vdi cdc thdnh vien cua nhdm Ky nang bao gdm dd ba ky nang cu thd ll: Tdn trpng d c vien, ling nghe va bidt phan hdi thdng tin, thfia nhan sfi khac bidt gifia d c vien nhdm Bdng 2: Ky ndng tqo lap md'i quan hi vdi cdc thdnh viin cua nhdm (Diim trung binh) STT Cic ky nang cu thd Nhln thfic vd cac hanh dpng d n co Tu danh gia ve kha nang thuc hien Tdn trpng d c vidn 3,34 2.81 Ling nghe va bidt phan hdi thdng lin 3,30 2,93 Thfia nhan su khac biet gifia d c vien nhdm 2,70 2,76 Nhan thfic va tu danh gia cua sinh vien vd bidu bidn ky nang tao lap md'i quan hd vdi d c vien nhdm dupc trinh bay d bang Kd't qua chi ring, nhan thfic cua sinh vidn vd d c ky nang cu thd cua ky nang tao lip mdi quan he vdi d c vidn nhdm ddu d mfic tuong ddi dly dfi, cd nghTa la sinh vien nhan thfic dupc ring, d c hlnh ddng cua ky ning d n dupc thuc hidn d tuong ddi nhidu trudng hpp chfi khdng phai tit d d c trudng hpp Trong dd, ky nang "Tdn trgng cdc thdnh viin" dupc sinh vien nhln thfic tdt hon d (vdi DTB la 3,34) Nhflng bidu hien nhu: tri anh mit, nu cudi vui ve, net mat cdi md than thien, trang phuc phfi hpp sinh boat nhdm, tdn trpng su im lang mdt vidn hoac nhd ten vl gpi dupc tdn cua d c vidn nhdm da dupc sinh vidn nhan thfic tuong dd'i dly du Tuy nhidn, ky nang "Thda nhdn sU khdc biit gida cdc thdnh vien nhdm" dupc sinh vidn nhln thfic thl^p nhit (vdi DTB la 2,70) Cac em chua nhln thiy nhflng hanh ddng thfia nhln su khac biet 92 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 nhu khdng phd phan, khdng chi trich thdi quen xlu, thfia nhan d c h giai quyd't cua d c vien dfi chua holn hao la hanh ddng d n phii Ilm lam vide vdi nhdm Tu danh gia vd kha nang thfic hien cua sinh vien thd hien qua bang cho tha'y, sinh vidn ttr danh gia kha nang thuc hien cua minh d ky nang tao lap mdi quan bd vdi d c vidn nhdm d mfic kha Trong dd, ky nang ling nghe va bie't phan hdi dupe sinh vien danh gia cao hon d Qua quan sat true tidp chung tdi nhan thay, sinh vidn bidu hien ky nang td't va ddng ddu, d c em da nhd ten va gpi dupe ten cua vien nhdm sau Iln gidi thieu diu lien, d c em da chfi y hdi vd d m xfic cua vien tham gia sinh hoat nhdm Nhu vay, cd thd tha'y ky nang bidu bien su ling nghe va bidt phan hoi thdng tin cua sinh vidn bidu hien kha linh boat, thuc va dly dii Ky nang tdn trpng dupe thd hien qua d c hanh ddng nhu: tri anh mat, nu cudi vui ve, net mat cdi md, than thien, tdn trpng sir im lang mdt vidn da dupc sinh vien thirc hien tuong dd'i td't va didu cflng dupc khang dinh qua quan sat sinh vien thuc hanh trdn ldp hpc Ky nang thd hien viec bidt thfia nhan su khac biet gifla d c vien nhdm (vdi DTB = 2,76) la ky nang dupc danh gia d mfic thlp nhll ky nang tao lap mdi quan he Nhumg bidu hien bie't thfia nhan su khac biet gifia d c vien nhdm nhu: khdng phan ddi manh me quan didm cdn chua dfing din cua d c vidn nhdm, thfia nhan su tu khang dinh minh cua d c vien, tdn trpng su lua chpn cfia d c vidn vd d c h thfic giai quyet vln dd cua hp hoac bd qua thdi quen xlu cua hp (ndi trd'ng, phat am tfi vdm hpng, tu nhidn cudi ldm ) chua dupc sinh vien danh gia la thuc hien tdt Sd lieu cflng cho thiy ring, gifia nhan thfic va tu dinh gia cua sinh vien vd ky nang tao lap mdi quan he nhdm cd su chdnh lech nhit dinh, dd, sinh vien nhan thfic dly du hom nhihig gi hp lam dupe tren thuc te d hai ky nang cu thd la tdn trpng d c vien va bidt ling nghe, phan hdi Ngupc lai, sinh vien tu danh gia minh thfic hien ban nhflmg gi minh bidt d ky nang thfia nhan su khac biet cua d c vien Tuy nhien, sir chenh lech khdng ding kd va khdng cd y nghTa vd mat thd'ng kd Tdng hpp bai ky nang phln cua nhdm ky nang td chfic giao tiep nhdm la ky nang thu bfit/ldi cudn vidn nhdm va ky nang tao lap md'i quan he cho tha'y, nhin chung, sinh vien da nhan thfic dugc d c hanh ddng cln thidt cua nhdm ky nang nay, chua dupe dly du hoan toan Hp cflng danh gia ring, kha nang thfic hien d c hanh ddng dd cua minh d mfic kha Mat khac, d hiu hdt d c ky nang cu thd cua hai ky nang phln nay, gifia nhln thfic va viec thuc hien cua sinh vien ddu cd dd chdnh nha't djnh, sinh vidn nhan thfic tdt ban nhfing gi hp thuc hidn dupc TAPCHfTAM LtHOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 93 So sinh hai ky nang thinh phln cho thiy, ky ning thu bfit/ldi cudn vidn nhdm dupc sinh vien nhln thfic cflng nhu thd hien tdt hon so vdi ky nang tao lap mdi quan he vdi d c thinh vien nhdm 3.2 Nhdm ky ndng thdc ddy tiin trinh nhdm Nhdm ky nang thfic dly tidn trinh nhdm gdm hai ky nang thinh phln la: tap trung vIo muc dich nhdm vl tap trung vIo giao tidp nhdm a Ky ndng cua sinh viin tdp trung vdo muc dich cua nhdm Ky nang tap trung vIo muc dich nhdm dupe thd bidn qua hai ky nang cu thd ll hudng din thinh vidn nhdm vIo boat ddng dang thuc hien vl thuc hidn, lam mlu trudc nhdm Bdng 3: Ky ndng ttip trung vdo muc dich cua nhdm (Diim trung binh) STT Cic k^ nang cu thd Nhan thfic vd d c hlnh ddng d n co Tu danh gia ve kha nang thuc hien Hudng din thinh vien nhdm vIo boat ddng dang thuc hidn 3,02 2,77 Thuc hien va lam mlu trudc nhdm 2.75 2,73 Kdt qua vd nhan thfic va tfi danh gia cua sinh vidn vd bidu bidn ky nang tap trung vao muc dich nhdm dupc hidn thj d bang cho ihly, sinh vien da nhan thfic dupc vd d c hanh ddng d n cd cua d c ky ndng cu thd Hp nhan ring, dd la nhflmg hlnh ddng d n lam tuong ddi nhidu irudng hpp Trong dd, ky ning "Hudng ddn thdnh viin nhdm vdo hoqt ddng dang dugc thuc hiin" dupc sinh vidn nhln thfic tdt hon d (vdi DTB la 3,02) Didu dupc thd hidn cu thd qua khao sat ll "Nhdc nhd mdt cdch kheo leo, nhe nhdng de thdnh viin nhdm tap trung" (DTB: 3,02) hay "Chu y nhdc lugng thdi gian cdn lai" (DTB: 3,01) Kdt qua cflng cho thiy, sinh vidn vln chua nhln thfic dung mdt sd trudng hpp, vi du, bidu hidn "Cddihg ndi chuyin din ndo hg tu kii thuc" vln dupc hp cho la d n Ilm tuong ddi nhidu trudng hpp (DTB ll 3,12) Tuy nhidn, trdn thuc td, day la didu d n trlnb ddi vdi vide hudng din vidn nhdm vao hoat ddng dang thfic bidn Didu cho thSiy, nhln thfic cua sinh vidn chua ddng ddu va chua dly du Vdi d c bidu bidn cua ky nSng thuc hidn va lam mlu trudc nhdm nhu: dua gpi ^ vdi nhumg vln dd khd, lam mlu, chi din cu thd dd d c vien 94 TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 de thuc hien hom ehua dupc sinh vien nhan thfic dly du Hp cho ring chi d n lam mdt sd it trudmg hpp ml thdi Kha nang thuc hidn qua tu danh gia cua sinh vidn vd ky nang tap trung vao muc dich nhdm cflng ddu d mfic khi, dd ky nang thinh phln "Hudng ddn thdnh viin nhdm vdo hoqt ddng dang dugc thuc hiin" dugc sinh vidn danh gia d mfic cao nhll, nhflmg bidu hien "Mdi thdnh viin chia se kinh nghiim cua bdn thdn" dupc sinh vien thd hien cao hom d (vdi DTB la 3,04) Tuy nhien, sinh vien vln cd nhflng bidu hien chua dfing nhu cfi dd d c vien ndi chuyen ddn hp tu kdt thuc, khdng nhlc dd'n lupng thdi gian cdn lai hoac giao chu dd cho nhdm rdi khdng nhlc nhd gi thdm Day la nhfing bidu hien cua viec ky nang chua dupe thuc hien thuc Didu cflng cho thiy, neu sinh vien khdng chfi y d i thidn lhi vide khdng thuc hidn td't muc tidu nhdm cd thd xay Phdng vln sau cho thiy, sinh vidn d m thiy lung lung phai nhlc nhd ngudi khac, cflng nhu tha'y khd khan hudng din ngudi khac tap trung vao muc dich va lam mlu trudc nhdm la hp chua quen vdi vai trd la ngudi didu hanh nhdm nen thuc hanh cdn chua nhuIn nbuydn Mat khac, nhan thfic, hp cdn cho ring dd la nhflmg banh ddng khdng cln thiet phai lam thi hp cflng khd cd thd thfic hien dupe Nhu vay, cd thd thiy nhan thfic va kha nang thuc hien ky nang tap trung vao muc dich nhdm cua sinh vien chua ddng ddu d c bidu va viec thd hien ky nang cfia sinh vien phln nhidu yeu td nhan thfic b Ky ndng cua sinh viin tap trung vdo giao tii'p cua nhdm Ky nang tap trung giao tidp nhdm dupc thd hidn d hai ky nang cu thd la each thfic giao tidp vdi d c vien, kha nang xac dinh md'i quan hd giao tie'p nhdm va thiet lap, tri giao tiep vdi d c vien nhdm Bdng 4: Ky ndng tap trung vdo giao tii'p cua nhdm (Diim trung binh) Nhan thfic ve Tu danh gia ve kha d e thao tac nang thuc hien STT Cac bieu hien Cach thfic giao tiep vdi cac vien 3,27 2.78 Kha nang xac dinh mdi quan he giao tiep nhdm 2,63 2,39 Thidt lap va tri su giao tidp vdi d c vien nhdm 3,17 2,93 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 95 Dfl lieu vd nhan thfic vl tu dinh gil cfia sinh vien vd bidu hien ky nang tap trung vao giao tie'p nhdm hidn thj d bang Kdt qua da chi ring, nhln thfic cua sinh vien vd d c thinh phln cua ky nang tap trung vIo giao tid'p nhdm d mfic tucrng duomg vdi d c ky nang khlc, hp bid't cln pbai cd nbihig banh ddng nio thuc hien cdng viec nhdm di thd bidn ky nang nly Trong dd, ky nang "Cdch thdc giao tii'p vdi cdc thdnh viin nhdm" dugc sinh vien nban thfic td't ban cl (vdi DTB 11 3,27) Qua phdng vln sau sinh vidn T.D.Kh ndi ring: "Khi sinh boat nhdm em thudng chu f tie'n vien il ndi di khich le hp tham gia" hoac bidu hien cu thd qua khao sat la "Nhdc nhd mdt cdch kheo lio, nhe nhdng di thdnh viin nhdm tdp trung" Tuy nhien, bidu bidn "khdng cdn chu y din su giao tii'p cua cdc thdnh viin nhdm vdi nhau" vdn la mdt bidu hien khdng dfing cua ky nang nly lai dupc sinh vien thfic hien nhidu (vdi DTB la 3,31) Didu nly cho thiy, nhln thfic cua sinh vien vln cdn chua dly du va chua hidu ro ^ nghTa cia timg hlnh ddng thfic hidn ky nang Kha nang thuc hien cua sinh vien thd hien d bang cho thl^y, ky nang tap trung vIo giao tie'p nhdm vdi nhflng bidu hien nhu: bidt thd hien dch thfic giao tie'p, bie't xlc djnh md'i quan he trpng giao tidp vl bidt thidt lap va tri Sfi giao tidp vdi d c vien nhdm da dupc sinh vien thfic bidn tuong ddi kha (vdi DTB ll 2,78) Qua quan sll chung tdi nhln thiy, sinh vien da thd hien kha td't bidu bidn cu thd nhu cho d c vien gidi thieu vd Iln gap diu tien, cho d c vidn ngdi theo hinh trdn dd hp cd thd quan sat va giao tidp vdi nhau, thay ddi vi tri ngdi gifla d c vien dd hp cd co hdi thie't lap giao tie'p vdi vien khac Day la nhumg bidu hien td't thfic hien ky nang Ky nang thd bidn kha nang xac dinh mdi quan he giao tiep nhdm (vdi DTB = 2,39) la ky nang dupc sinh vien thd hidn tha'p nha't Qua quan sat va qua phdng v^n chfing tdi nhan thiy, sinh vien chua cd kha nang chi dupc mfic dd mdi quan he gifla d c vien nhdm, dac bidt la chua bidt ghi chep lai hd so tuong tac nhdm Sd lieu cflng chi ring, tuong fing vdi vide thuc hien chua tdt ky nang ll viec nhan thfic d c hanh ddng d n cd cua ky nang cung chua cao Nhu vly, ke't qua cho thiy gifla nhan thfic va kha ning thuc hidn ky nang tap trung vIo giao tidp nhdm cdn chdnh Idch va chua ddng ddu vd d c bidu hien cu thd cua ky ning Mdt sd ky ning cdn chua dupc thfic bidn thuc, cdn mic nhihig l6i cu thd tihig ky ning nha't dinh Kdt qua cflng cho thiy, ky ning tip trung vao giao tid'p nhdm dupc thd hien tdt hon so vdi ky ning tip trung vao muc dich 3.3 Ky ndng cua sinh vien viec dieu phdi nhom 96 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 Ky nang didu phdi nhdm gdm ba ky nang phln la phan cdng nhidm vu cho vidn nhdm, nhan bidt va xfi ly vln dd da dang nhdm va tao blu khdng nhdm Nhan thfic cua sinh vidn vd bidu hien ky nang didu phdi nhdm dupe thd hidn d bang Phan tich kdt qua cho thiy, cd su chenh lech ro ret nhan thfic cua sinh vien vd nhflmg hanh ddng d n cd thuc bidn d c ky nang phln Ndu nhu ky nang phan cdng nhidm vu da dupc nhan thfic tuong dd'i tdt (vdi DTB la 3,12), thi ky nang "Nhdn biii vd xd ly cdc vdn de da dqng nhdm'- lai chua dupc sinh vidn nhan thfic dly du (vdi DTB la 2,48) Nhflng hanh ddng nhu: chu y tao didu kidn cho mpi vien cd co hdi dupc thd hien minh, xfi ly kip thdi nhflmg mlu thuln phat sinh nhdm chu y quan sat d c vien hay sdm nhln bidt d c va cham nhdm da khdng dupc d c em cho ring quan trpng Nhflmg bidu hidn dupc nhan thfic td't la phan cdng cdng vide cu thd cho timg tbanb vien nhdm chfi y dd'n the manh cua tfing ngudi phan cdng cdng vide, ddng vidn, khen ngpi nhflmg d nhan nhiet tinh giup vien khac, ludn ludn chfi y xay dung blu khdng vui ve d tie'n trinh giup da nhdm Bdng 5: Ky ndng diiu phd'i nhdm (Diim trung binh) STT Cac ky nang Nhan thfic ve cac hanh dpng can CO Tu danh gia ve kha nang thuc hien Phan cdng nhiem vu cho vien nhdm 3.12 2.90 Nhan biet va xfi ly vln dd da dang nhdm 2.48 2.50 Tao blu khdng nhdm 2.89 2.85 Kha nang thfic bidn cua sinh vien qua tu danh gia cho thiy, d c em da cd nhflng bidu hien cua ky nang nay, nhll la d viec phan cdng nhiem vu cho vien nhdm va tao blu khdng nhdm Tuy nhien, khdng phai tit d d c hanh dpng ddu dupc d c em thd hidn tdt Nhflmg hanh ddng cua ky ning phln "Nhtin biit vd xd ly cdc vdn di da dqng nhdm" dugc thd hidn thlp nhll (vdi DTB la 2,50) Qua phdng vln sinh vien (B.C.D) cho bid't: "Trong sinh hoqt nhdm khd trdnh dugc va chqm vd xung ddt, em rdi lung tung xd tri viic ndy" Cac em khd nban bidt sdm d c va cham cd thd sinh nhdm, TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 97 chi quan tim dd'n muc tieu boat ddng ml khdng chfi S dd'n d c vln dd nhdm cd thd phat sinh, ddng thdi d c lien kdt nhdm, tuong tic nhdm cung khdng duoc cap nhat kjp thdi Nhu vay, ky nang didu phd'i nhdm cfia sinh vidn dupc thfic bidn chi d mfic tuong ddi d mdt sd mat, cdn mdt sd mat vln cdn ban chd Nhflmg ban chd da chi d tren ll nhumg didm d n chii ^ qui trinh dio tao trdn ldp va rfit kinh nghidm thfic hlnh Kdt ludn Danh gil mdt dch khai quit (dua tren sfi tich hop ba nhdm ky nang dupc nghien cim) vd nhan thfic vl su thfic hien d c ky ning cua sinh vien cho tha'y mdt sd kd't qua sau: Vd nhan thfic, sinh vien da thiy dupc d c bidu hien cua ky ning nhung chua hoan loin dly du Trong nhln thfic cua minh, sinh vien cdn thd hien khdng ddng ddu, chua nhan r5 bin chit cua bidu hien cua d c nhdm ky nang khac Mdt sd ky nang dupc d c em nhan thfic dly du, nhung mdt sd khac thi chua Vd tu danh gia, sinh vidn tfi nhln thiy minh cd nang thuc hien ky nang cdng tac xa hdi nhdm chu yd'u d mfic kha Hp cho ring, minh thd hien dupe gin du d c hanh ddng cua ky ning, cd thd van dung chfing nhidu tinh hudng, nhung chua cd su linh boat va sang tao nhit djnh thuc bidn cdng tac xa hdi nhdm Sfi ban chd cua ky nang cdng tac xa hdi nhdm din de'n ban che hieu qua boat ddng thfic hanh thfic tap cdng tie xa hdi nhdm Chinh vi vay ma muc tieu nhdm dat dupc se khdng cao So sanh gifia nhan thfic vl vide thuc hien ky nang nhan tha'y, gifla nhan thfic va kha nang thuc hien cd mdi lidn he qua lai rlt ro rang thd hien qua d c didm trung binh so sanh Nhan thfic cfia sinh vien d mfic kha va kha nang thd hien cflng d mfic kha Didm d n chu y d day la ndu chi day ly thuye't, khdng cd sfi hudng din dd cd thd hidu slu ban vln dd, cflng nhu khdng cd ca thuc hanh trdn thuc td thi sinh vidn cd thd danh gia minh cao hom nhflmg gi hp cd thd thfic sfi lam dupc Didu cd thd din ddn su chu quan, khdng d n bd sung kie'n thfic thfic hanh d sinh vien va trudng hp se lfing tfing vdi thfic te lam viec Day chinh la sfi thidu hut chuong trinh dao tao bidn Hon hd't, sinh vien la ngudi quydt dinh trinh dd kidn thfic va ky nang cua hp Vi vdy, dd cd dupc trinh dd ky nang cdng tac xa hdi nhdm tdt, thi ban than sinh vidn phai cd dupc d c phim chit tim ly d n thidt, dap fing dupc ydu d u cua boat ddng Sinh vidn d n dinh hudmg gia tri nghd nghidp mdt each ro rang; d n nhln thfic ro gia tri dao dfic, muc dich va nguyen tic nghd nghidp; cd thai dd dfing din ddi vdi nghd va tfi dd hinh tinh d m tich cue ddi vdi nghd, ydu nghd ma minh dang hpc; cd y thfic mudn mang lai loi icb tdt dep cho 98 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 ngudi, mudn ddng gdp cho xa hdi, cd long yeu thuong ngudi vl mudn hanh ddng ITnh vuc nganh nghd minh dang dupc dio tao; cd kid'n thfic 15^ thuydt ndn tang vimg chac, cd ky thult va phuong phip Ilm viec khoa hpc phfi hpp vdi timg nhdm ddi tupng Bdn canh do, sinh vidn d n chfi ^ trau ddi vl tfi hpc hdi d c kidn thfic vd ddi sd'ng kinh td, xa hdi, vd tim 15^ ngudi, phip luat, chinh sach xa hdi va d c kid'n thfic, ky nang mdm khlc nhu: giao tidp, td chfic boat ddng, trd choi Tai lieu tham khao Trin Thi Minh Dfic Gido trinh tham vd'n tdm ly, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, 2011 Nguydn Thi Thai Lan, Cdng tdc xd hdi nhdm, NXB Lao ddng Xa hdi 2009 Trin Dinh TxxSai, Ly thuyii vd thuc hdnh cdng tdc xd hdi, NXB Dai hoc Qud'c gia, 2011 Anderson J., Social work practice with groups in generic base of social work practice Social work with groups, 1979 htlp://socialwork.vn/categorv/fundalmentals/ctxh-nhom/ http://socialwork.vn/2011/10/07/2748/ TAPCHfTAMLtHOC,Sdl2(153), 12-2011 99 ... hudng ddn kha nang van dung va thuc hien cua sinh vien thuc td cdng vide Tu danh gia vd kha nang thuc hien cua sinh vien thd hien qua bang cho thay, sinh vien tu danh gia kha nang thuc hien ky... chua dupc sinh vien danh gia la thuc hien tdt Sd lieu cflng cho thiy ring, gifia nhan thfic va tu dinh gia cua sinh vien vd ky nang tao lap mdi quan he nhdm cd su chdnh lech nhit dinh, dd, sinh vien... thfic va viec thuc hien cua sinh vien ddu cd dd chdnh nha''t djnh, sinh vidn nhan thfic tdt ban nhfing gi hp thuc hidn dupc TAPCHfTAM LtHOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011 93 So sinh hai ky nang thinh phln