TAP Cii PIAT T K R KiaCIII, TAP W,S0K2 2018 ac dong cua tiF hpc den k§t qua hpc tap cua sinh vien nganh Song ngu'''' Nga Anh, Tru''''cyng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TP H 6 Chf Min[.]
TAP Cii PIAT T K R KiaCIII, TAP W,S0K2-2018 ac dong cua tiF hpc den k§t qua hpc tap cua sinh vien nganh Song ngu' Nga - Anh, Tru'cyng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TP H Chf Minh • Bill Ngoc Quang Tnrorng Bai hpc Khoa hcjc )(a hOi va Nhan van, BHQG-HCM T M TAT: Bii viit di trinh bdy vin di tir hQC, (2) phin cia nhin thirc, thdi di, din kit qui hoe tip cua (1) cdc quan diim vi tieh dinh gii tic dang phirong phip tir hoc sinh viin ngdnh Song ngir Nga-Anh, Tnrdng DH KHXH&NV, DHQGHCM vi qua dd, (3) S xuat mpt so gai md nhim gdp phin ning cao ning lire tir hgc cCia sinh viin Tir khda: tdc ddng, tir hoc, kit qui hoc tip I Cic quan diem ve v i n de t y hpc Nhflng quan didm v i vin de ty hgc cua sinh vien (SV) d i dugc nhieu hgc gia, nhi khoa hgc, nhi giio dye Uen thi gidi thio lufn, nghien ciru i^ til da nghien cim v i lya chgn xiy dyng khung ly Uiuyit nghidn cim dya uen ba trucmg phii/quan diem ciia ba nhi nghien cuu chinh sau diy: (I) Philip Benson hifn l i Phd giio su eua Vifn Giio dye Hong Kdng l i tic gii cua cudn "Giing dpy v i nghien cim van de ty hgc Uong vifc hgc nggpi ngfl"' (2001) v i l i tic gia va ddng tic g i i cua nhieu cudn sich v i t>ii bio lien quan tdi vin de ty hgc; (2) Rebecca L Oxford l i giao su, tiin si nginh Tim ly hgc giig dye trucmg Dpi hgc North Carolina (My), cic nghidn ciru v i chiin luge hgc tip cua b i da lim "thay ddi cich dpy ngdn ngii uen thi gidi" v i (3) Lev S Vygotsky l i nhi tim ly hpc ngudi Nga, ngucri sing Ifp Ly ihuyel vdn hda xd hgi Theo Benson (2001)" v i f c t y hpc hay nang lyc t y hpc, t u chit u o n g hpc tpp ciia ngucri hpc chi sinh v i cd k i t q u i hpc t i p tdt k h i ngudi hpc u y c t i f p tham gia v i o hopt dgng hpc t i p , mdi Uudng hgc tpp T i c gia cho r i n g , n i u mgt hopt dgng hgc tpp dugc thiet kd tdt Uii b i t ky SV n i o k h i Uiam gia v i o hopt dgng hpc tpp dd cflng se tpo dugc n i n g lyc t y hpc tdt Nghla l i , neu Idp hpc dugc c h u i n bj day du phucmg t i f n hcpc tpp nhu sach v d , t i i l i f u , b i n g dia phfl hgp vdi sd Uiich v i u i n h dp thi SV se hgc tpp mgt dch tu dgng (autgngmously) N h u vpy, de n i n g cao n i n g lyc t y hgc cho ngudi hgc, giang vien ( G V ) va n h i u u d n g c i n td chirc n h i i u hopt dgng n g o i i Idp va hudng dan SV t g hgc Tuy nhien, de hopt dgng t y hgc ciia SV dpt dugc nhihig h i f u qua nhu mong m u i n , ddi hdi mdi Uuimg v i hopt dgng hgc tpp m i ngudi hgc tham gia phai cd nhflng i n h hudng tdt ddi vdi n i n g lyc t y hpc cua SV (Sociocultural Theory) ' od tfn u ^ Anh l i Teaching and researching aulonom> in languaiBC learning ' Benson P Teaching andresearchingautonomy m language learning- Longmaa t.ondon (20011 Traai105 SCIEKE t TECIMIKT KVEliniEIT, Vil IS, h.XZ-ail Theo Oxford (2003r\ viec tu hoc ty chu uong hpc tap cua ngudi hpc chi sinh v i phit Uien yiu td tim ly ciia chinh ban Uian ngudi hpc, chir khdng phii yiu td mdi trudng tic ddng nhu quan diim da d i cpp d udn cua Benson (2001) Ly luan cua quan diim niy bit diu tir ban chat hieu ky trdi sinh cua ngudi Tir mdi dugc sinh ra, ngucri ludn cd nhu ciu tim hieu ve Uie gidi xung quanh Tuy nhien phuong each tim hieu cd the khdng giong nhau, nhung ngudi thich may md, ty hpc tu nhieu ngudn khic de nang cao kien thirc, cin cd ning lyc ty hc?c cao hon Vygotsky (1986)* da dua khia cpnh xa hpi cua vifc hgc vio Hgc thuyel kien tgo (ConsUuctivism Theory) Ve co bin day l i mpt hpc thuydt dya trfn sy quan sit v i nghien cim khoa hpc nhim Ua ldi cho cau hdi: "Con ngudi hgc nhu Uie nio?" Hpc thuyit niy cho ring, ngudi kien tpo nhung sy hieu biet v i tri Uiirc v i the gidi thdng qua Uai nghifm v i phan inh Khi ddi mit vdi mpt difu mdi me, chung ta phai diiu img nd vdl nhunj y tucing v i kinh nghifm cd tu trudc Cung cd the nd se thay ddi nhflng diiu ma ta ^ tin tuiimg hoJc lopi bd chflng vl khdng cdn thich ding nita Trong bat cir Uudng hgp nio, chung ta that sy l i nhflng nhi kidn tpo ui thuc cho chinh ban thin De lim dugc dieu niy thi can dua nhimg nghi vin, khim phi va danh gia cai m i chiing ta d i biet Hpc thuyet dugc coi l i ly thuyit cua nhpn thirc hon la ly thuyit cua ui thirc vi nd phai dugc xiy dyng mgt cich tich cyc bdi chinh moi ngudi hpc chu 'kiin thirc khdng the thim nhpp vao ngucri hgc thu dpng" (Glasersfeld, 1989: 162)' Ben cpnh viee dua khia ' Oxrord R L "Toward a more sy^lemalic model of L2 learner aulonomy" In D Palfreyman & R Smith (lids.) Learner amonomy across culhirrs language education perspecinv.'i Jlp 75-91 Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan (20O3) ' Vygotsky L S Thought and language (A Kozulin Trans ed ) M I T Press Cambriclge (19861 * Glasersfeld E V "Conslniclivism in Hducalion'' In T Huscn & N Postlcthwaite (Eds) The International Encyclopaedia of lUlucaiion Su|ipement Vol.1, pp 162-163 Oxford Pergamon Press (1989) Traai IDE cpnh \a hgi ciia vifc hgc vio Hgc thuyel kien Igo, Vygotsky cdn sing tpo 1> thuyet v i Vimg phat triin gdn (Uie Zone of Proximal Development ZPD) Trong ly Uiuyet niy dng chia ning hgc hdi cua ue em thinh ba vflng: ( I ) nhflng vifc/kiin Uiirc tre cd the ty lim/hgc dugc bing ning ciia mlnh, (2) nhflmg vieckien thirc Ue cd t h i lim/hgc dugc vdi sy giup dd ciia ngudi Icm v i (3) nhDmg viec/kien thirc ue hoan toan chua tiif ty lim/hpc dugc Day la mot ly thuyet quan Ugng v i bien uong nganh khoa hgc x i hpi Chinh vi the quan diem phit trien mpnh me va dugc su dyng rpng rai Uong nhieu tinh hudng nghien cuu khic Do tap Uung vio moi tuong tic giu:a c i nhin va mdi trudng, nhirng nghien ciru ve nJng lyc ty hpe Uieo quan diem ludn nhin nhpn van de rat linh hoat Nhimg phuong phap dung de ning cao/bdi dirdng nang lyc ty hgc Uong cic nghifn cim lopi rat chii upng den cic vin df ve dieu kifn sdng, phong tuc tap quan, thdi quen, ldi suy nghT ciia nguoi hpc d tung tinh huong cy thf Sau nghien cim ba quan diem uen vf van dc ty hpc chung tdi thiy ring, quan diem cua Benson nhin mpnh tim quan Upng cua mdi Uudng hgc tap, quan diem cua Oxford de cao cac dJc diem tSm V/ cua ngudi hgc, quan diem cua Vygotsky lpi coi Upng sy tuong tac giii-a mdi trucmg hpc tfp va cac dpc diem tam ly cua mgt c i nhan Ucng qui uinh phit Uien ning lyc ty hc;>c ciia ngudi Do dc t i i chi gidi hpn nghien ciru ba yeu to ctia van de ty hgc lien quan chinh tdi ban than moi ngudi hpc chung toi da xay dyng md hinh nghien ciru sau dya tren ba quan diem uen de tim hieu tic ding ciia cic yeu td nhu nhpn thirc, Uiai dp v i phuong phip ty hpe ddi vdl ket qua hpc tap ciia SV: TAP Cii PHAT T I E I KH&CH, TAP 19, SO XZ-Z01E Scr I Md hlnh nghidn cim cua de t i i Co sd xiy dyng md hinh nghien cim uen dya nginh Song ngfl Nga - Anh gdm 22 cau hdi dugc Uen quan diem v i ty hpc cua Benson, Oxford chia lam de myc chinh, gdm: (I) phan hdi ve nhpn Vygotsky v i md hinh tic dpng co djnh FE (Fixed Uiirc ty hpc, (2) phan hdi ve thai dp ty hpc v i (3) Effect) bdi nhan td duge xic djnh uong nghien phan hdi ve phuong phip ty hpc Ngoai ra, cdn cd cuu niy la nhpn thirc, thai dg va phucmg phap ty ciu hdi khic lien quan den thdng tin chung ve hpc den ket qua hgc tap cua SV, day la mdt dpng ngudi Ua Idi nhim thu thpp them thdng tin cho md rpng cua md hlnh hdi quy tuyen tinh cd dien v i nhung ciu hdi md Thdng tin thu ve dugc tdng hpp, nghien cim niy tic gia da sir dung cy the md phin lopi de lam uich din nhim lim sing rd them hinh phin tich nhan t i khim pha EFA' d i phan tich, vin de nghien ciru nghien eim tic dgng cua nhin td uen, dugc xic Trong hgc ky II nim hgc 2012-2013 tic gia da djnh bdi cdng thirc: F, = WnX, + W.^X, + W,,X, + khao sat 100% SV dang Uieo hgc nginh Song ngit • + W i X i (Irong dd F, la ude lupmg cua nhin to Nga - Anh tai Trudng DH KHXH&NV, DHQGthu i W, l i quyfn sd hay trgng so nhin td tire he sd HCM Qua dgt khio sat, sd phiiu Uiu ve l i 269 uen tai nhan, X la bien sd va k l i sd biin) Tuy nhien tdng sd 294 phiiu phit ra, chiim 91.5% Trong ting can ndi Uiem ring, ket qui hpc tpp cua SV la kit sd 269 phieu thu ve chira Uidng tin phan hii ciia SV qua cua rat nhieu \eu to tic dpng, nhu theo quan cd 265 phiiu hgp If chiim 98.5% v i phiiu khdng diem ciia Vygotsky la gia dinh, thiy cd, ban be, nha hgp If chiim 1,5% Phin phan tich thong ke dudi trudng x i hgi v i die bift la chinh nang lyc v i sy diy dugc quy ddi theo ty If 265 = 100% no lyc ciia bin Uiin ngucri hpc m i chung tdi mudn Ty If SV tra Icri phifu khio sit theo hpc cac nim ndi den thdng qua kit qua nghien cim la khic sd lugng SV moi Idp l i khic Ket qua nghien cihi Cu Uie, SV theo hgc nam diu nhit l i 75 SV (chiim Z.I Thdng tin chung ve kel qua nghien cuu 28,3%), nim Uiu hai l i 51 SV (chiem 19.2%), nim Npi dung bang hdi khio sit v i tac dpng cua thir ba la 49 SV (chiim 18,5%), nim thir tu la 38 nhpn thiic thii dp v i phuong phip ty hpc cua S\' SV (chiem 14,3%) v i nim thir nam la 52 SV tham gia Ua Idi khao sit (chiem 19,6%) Vi d}c thu tuyen " LFA viel lit cualu U^V \nh '^xploralor\-Factor Anatvu.^ Trani107 KEKE t TECIMIKT KfaKMBT Vil 11, HUZ-ZIW sinh nginh Song ngir Nga - Anh li khdi D, ndn so lugng SV nfl chiim da sd (chiim 86%) li mgt diiu de ly giii Trong ting sd 243/265 SV Ui Idi vi sd gid ty hgc Uung binh mdt ngiy Uong man (xem Bieu 1), so gid ty hgc Uong ngiy tfl- den gid la nhieu nhit (vdi 87 SV tta Idi, chiim 35,9%); ke den li tir din dudi gid (vdi 59 SV Ui Idi, chiim 24,2%); sau la tir gid din dudi gid (vdi 46 SV Ui Icri, chiim 19%); sd SV dinh Uicri gian Uung binh ty hpc Ufn gid mgt ngiy/tuin chiem IZ3% vdi 30 SV Ui Icri; cudi cflng li tu hgc dudi gid chifm ty If thip nhit (8,6%) TylfKSVtrikri 35.9K 120 Tir gid din Tir gtd d ^ di/di2gid ducri giir Tir gidr din Tir gid dinTir gUr Uir lfn dudi giir dirdiSgid Biiu d i s i gid tu hgc tnmg binh mdt ngiy eda sirUi vien Qua si) Hfu thing ke thu dugc, kit qua vi thdi Kft qua hgc tap cua SV dugc tinh Uung binh gian ty hgc Uung binh li khoing gid/ngij, nghla chung diem hgt ky gan thdi diem dugc li mgt hiin, SV nginh Song ngfl Nga - Anh dinh khau sat, phan inh phin nao qui Uinh ty hpc cua Uidi gian ty hgc khoang 21 gid/min Trong SV Uieo kit qui nghien cim cua Td Minh Thanh (2011: S3)', "so gid ty hgc Uung binh cua SV (toin trudng) dinh cho 41 mdn hgc dugc khio sit li 5,8 gid/min" Nhu vpy, cd thi ly giii ring, khoi lugng kien thirc mdn hge ciia nginh song ngii nhiiu vi ning, ddi hdi SV phii ty hgc rit cao ndn sd gid ty hgc cua SV nginh Song ngu Nga - Anh li rit ldn, Idn hon nhiiu so vdi SV cic nginh khic Ugng trudng Tft Mmh Thanh Hoai dpng lv hpc oja sinh vien Truimg t)»i hpc Khoa hpc XI h^i vi Nhan vin Irong dio l«o Iheo hpc chi Un dii: lli«n trang vi giii pliip De lii nghidn cuu khoa hpc dp m Iliu6ng.l)201l-I8bm2 Traai «8 Biiu d i x i p lopi hgc Ivc Uung binh chung giila hgc ky TAP cai PHAT THEN KMCM, TAP 19, SO XZ-Z01S dugc tu sich vd bpn be, thiy cd thinh tii sin Ui Qua so lifu thing ke Uong Biiu dd 2, ta Uiiy thirc rieng ciia chinh minh hpc lyc Uung b'mh cua SV dao dgng nhieu d mirc Tic dgng cua tu hgc cd anh hudng Icm den ket irung binh khd (43,8%) vi iWra (33,2%) Sy hai long qui hgc tip cua ngucri hgc NghTa li niu biit cich cua SV so vcJi kit qui hgc tap mong dgi la rat thip, ty hgc (cd nhan thirc ve tu hgc tdt, thii ty hgc chi cd khoang 10,9% SV Uiam gia ua Icri la d mirc dung din va phuong phip tu hgc hieu qui) thi ket hai long va hoan loan hii Idng, Uong cd tdi qui hgc tap cua SV se cao hon Hg se thu dugc 53,2% SV Ua Idi d mirc khdng hdi Idng vi hodn nhtmg kiin Uiirc, ky ning, Uiii dg nim Uong muc loan khdng hai Idng vi chi cd 35,8% SV tgm hdi tieu cua mdn hgc nhieu hon so vdi nhung SV chua long vdi kit qui hgc tpp mi mlnh dpt dugc cd cich tu hgc hieu qui 2.2 Tic dgng cua nhan thirc, thai dp vi 2.2.1 Nhin thuc ve tu hgc da sinh viin phucmg phip tv hgc den ket qui hgc tap Nhpn thuc vi ty hpc ciia SV chinh li qua Uinh Tic dgng cua tu hpc cd thf coi nhu li kft qui hieu biet, su cim nhan cua SV ddi vdi van de ty cua mpt qui Uuih ty giic tich cyc, gin lien vdi ^ hgc thiic, Uiii dp, dgng co, tinh cam, y chi, cua ngudi hpc nhim biin nhflng kien thirc vi kp ning hgc Bing I Diem Uung hlnh nhpn thuc ve ty hgc cua sinh vien Nh$n thirc vc tif hgc ctia sinh viSn Ty hge li dieu hien nhien vi bit buge doi vdi sinh vien Uong bpc che tin chi Ty hgc giup bin than md rgng kiin thirc Ty hgc giup bpn ren luyfn dugc ky ning hpc tpp sudt ddi vi fihieu ky ning quan Upng khic Ty hgc giiip bpn ren luyfn pham chat dpo dire Ty hgc giup bpn dpt kel qua hgc tap tdt hon Ty hpc giup ban Uiinh cdng Uong sy nghifp tuomg lai Biem trung binh ehung vi nh|in thiic ty hgc Kit qui khio sit qua Bdng I cho thiy, diem Irung binh ciia timg ciu hdi li kha cao va tuong dii ding diu, din den didm trung binh chung ve nhpn thirc ly hgc cila SV li 4,15 (tuong duong mirc Til); Uong diem Uung binh cua "Ty hgc giup ban than md rgng kiin thirc" li cao nhit (vdi diem Uung binh 4,40X ki din l i "Ty hgc li dieu hiin nhien vi bit buic dii vdi SV Uong hgc chi tin chT" (vdi diem Irung binh 4,29) vi thip nhit la diem Uung binh ciia "Ty hgc giup bpn ren luyin phim chat dpo dire" (chi dpt 3,76 diim) Diiu niy chiing td, SV da hiiu vi nhfn thirc duge y nghia, vai Ud vi tam quan SiSV tra Idi Dg Ifch chuan Trung binh 265 265 0.880 4,29 0,787 4,40 265 265 263 264 0,809 4,28 0,905 3,76 0,848 4,13 0,918 4,04 4,15 Ugng cua vifc ty hge, dugc the hifn rd qua so lugt Ui Idi ddngy vi hodn toin ddngy sau: • Ty hgc giup bin Uiin md rpng kiin thirc (244 SV, chiim 92,1%) • Ty hpc la dieu hien nhien vi bit bupc dii vdi SV Ugng hgc chi tin chi (232 SV, chiim 87,5%) • Ty hgc giiip bpn ren luyin dugc ky ning hgc tpp suit ddi vi nhiiu ky ning quan Ugng khic (229 SV chiim 86,4%) • Ty hgc giup bpn dpt kit qui hgc tpp tit hon (217 SV, chiim 82,5%) Traai108 tCOCE TECHUKT lEVaWMEIT, Vil 19, R|.I2{I1I 2.2.2 Thii dg nr hgc da sinh viin Ty hgc giup ban thinh cdng uong sy nghifp Thai dg tv hgc ciia SV chnih li cich nghT, each nrong lai (19'SV chiim 74,6%) nhln vi cich hinh ddng eiia SV vi viec ty hgc Tu hgc giup ban ren luyfn phim chit dag dire (178 SV chiim 67.1%) Bing Diem Uung binh Uiii dg ty hpc ciia sinh vien Dg Ifch Trung SoSV Thai d$ tu hgc eda sinh viSn chuan binh tri Idi 0.758 4,04 Bpn cd khit khao tim tdi, hpc hdi them kifn thirc 265 Bpn ludn suy nghT, trin Ud ve nhihig difu da vi dang hpc df tim each ung dung kien thuc vio thyc te 0,804 265 3,82 Bpn ludn tranh luan vdi bpn be ve cic van de dugc hpc 264 0,856 3,58 Ban ludn dinh thcri gian de suy nghT ky ve nhumg dieu dugc hpc 0.839 265 3,55 Ban thay yeu thich vifc ty hpc; 264 0,959 3,68 Bpn ludn tich cyc va chu dgng Uong ldp 264 0,858 3,23 Diem trung binh chung ve thii dp ty hgc 3,65 Diem Uung binh chung ve Uiii dg tu hgc cua SV cyc vi chu dgng Uong Idp", chimg td thii dg ty hpc li 3,65 (tuong duong muc Khd); day cflng li mgt cua SV vin edn rit thy dgng Kit qui phdng vin diim si cao, Uong dd diem trung binh cua "Bpn cd siu cho thiy, mgt sd GV cflng nhpn xet, dinh gii vi khit khao tim tdi hgc hdi Uiem kiin Uiirc" li cao SV cungtiiiranhfn dieu niy: nhit (vdi diem Uung binh 4,04) vi thip nhat la diim • Thai dp ty hgc cua SV hifn cd tot hem Uung binh cua "Bpn ludn tich cyc vi chu dgng nhung cii Uiifn khdng nhiiu, die biit li dil vdi uong Idp" (chi dpt 3,23 diim) So vdi diim trung SV Khoa NgQ' vin Nga nim Uiir nhit vi nim binh chung ve nhpn Uiirc ty hge, diim vi Uiai dg ty thir hai, dudng nhu kem hon hin so vdi cic hgc ciia SV da giim Kit qui khio sit cho thiy cii khoa khic vi thudng thy dgng Uong hgc tfp nhin ting quan vi cich nghi, cich nhln vi cich (GVnu,ThgcsT) hinh dpng dugc Uie hifn qua thii dg ty hgc ciia SV • SV chua chu ding Ueng vifc hge, Uiudng bit nhu sau: buOc eic em hgc thi cic em mdi hge, y thirc ty • Cd khit khao tim tdi, hgc hdi Uiem kiin Uiirc giic ciia cie em chua cao (GVnO, Tiin sT) (219 SV, chiim 82.7%) • Thii dp limg khimg, hgc doi phd; phuong phip • Ludn suy nghi, trin Ud vi nhflng diiu di vi chua du, du cd dugc chi din, nhung niu SV dang hge de tim cich img dyng kiin thiic vig khdng ty nguyfn thyc hifn cung chi vd ich, mJc Uiyc ti (185 SV, chiim 69.8%) du thiy ed da nhie nhiiu (GVnO, Thgc sT) • Thay yeu thich vifc ty hgc (170 SV, chiim • Theo em, jt thuc vi thai dg cua SV da so li thd 64.4%) o, ty hgc chi de doi phd, Uii diu, khdng vl kiin • Ludn Uanh lupn vdi bpn be vi cic vin di dugc thirc (SVndm thutu, nam) hgc (155 SV, chiim 58,7%) • Da si SV nim nhit, nam hai cd thii di nghifm • Ludn dinh Uidi gian di suy nghi ky vi nhihig tiic vdi vifc ty hpc, cdn nhflng SV khda uen diiu dugc hgc (147 SV, chiim 55,5%) Uiudng ft dinh Uicri gian cho vifc ty hgc vl bfn Tuy nhien, chi ed 97 SV (chiim 36,7%) dingy rfn lim them (SVndm thi ndm, nam) vi hoan loin dingy cho ciu tri Idi "Bpn ludn tich Traatno TAP CHi PHAT TRIEN KHftCH, TAP 10, Sfii X2-2016 Do do, de giiip c:ho SV cd thai do, dgng lyc \i quyet tim Uong vifc tu hcpc, nhi Uucmg can td chirc cic Idp tip huin ky nang hpc tpp cho SV; can cd nhieu chinh sach ve hd trg hgc bdng, khen thudng; lao ddng lyc hgc tap cho SV qua viec djnh hudng nghe nghifp, gidi thifu vifc lim sau trucmg cho SV tdt nghifp 2.2.3 Phuang phdp lu hgc da sinh vien Phuong phip tu hgc cua SV chinh li cich thirc mi SV td chirc vifc tu hpc eda minh nhu vifc dit muc tieu, len ke hoach, thyc hifn viec ty hpe cua mlnh de nhim hudng tdi dat dugc ket qua cao hgc tap Bang Diem Uung binh phuang phap tu hgc ciia sinh vien SoSV tra Idi Do lech chuan Trung binh Bpn Uiucmg lap muc tieu va ke hoach cho vifc ty hpc ciia mlnh 265 0,771 3,67 Bpn biit cich thyc hifn kf hoach ty hgc mdt each hieu qui 264 0,768 3,15 Ban thudng dn Ipi bii giang cu v i hoin thinh bai tip tnrdc khl ien Idp 265 0,888 3,58 Bpn Uiucmg nghien cim uudc bii giang mdi v i ghi chu nhimg thic mic 265 0,848 3,34 Bpn ty bd sung kien thiic qua sich vd/glio Ulnh/tii lifu Phmrng phip ty hgc cua sinh vien 264 0,757 3,84 Bpn ly tim bifu/md rgng kien thirc qua ngudn t i i lifu md uen mpng intemet 264 0,804 3,94 Bpn thudng lien hf kifn Uiuc cu v i kinh nghiem c i nhan de tim hieu kiin thirc mdi hoic sii dyng nhflmg cdng cy nhu ban dd tu 265 0,849 3,48 Bpn biit ty phin tich, tdng hgp va dinh gii nhflmg dieu da dugc hgc 264 0,831 3,46 Bpn ty hgc vdi nhdm bpn be 264 0,955 3,63 Bpn biit cich vpn dyng v i lien hf Uiyc te nhiimg kien thirc d i hgc 264 0,783 3,44 Diem trung binh ehung ve phinmg phip ty hge Phuong phip ty hgc ciia SV rit da dpng vi phong phu vdi diem Uung binh chung li 3,55 (tuong duong miic Khd) Moi SV cd mgt phuong phip ty hgc rieng nen cac phugng in Ui ldi cua SV vc phuong phip ty hgc cflng khdng ddng nhit Trong dd diem Uung binh cua "Bpn ty Um hieu/md ring kien Uiiic qua nguin tii lifu md uen mpng internet" li Idn nhit (vdi diim trung binh 3,94) vi xip thu hai li "Bpn ty bd sung kiin thirc qua sich vd/giio ulnh/tii Hfu" (vdi diim Uung binh 3,84) Ket qua niy cflng dl ly giii, die Uifl cua nginh Song ngfl Nga - Anh vdi khoi lugng kien Uiirc ldn, ddi hdi SV phii cd ning lyc ty hgc cao, ty miy md hpc hdi vi trau doi Uiem kiin Uiirc qua sich vd, til lifu, giao Uinh Tuy theo hoin cinh, cich Uiiic ty hgc mi SV di myc tiiu, lap vi uiin khai thyc 3,55 hifn ke hopch tu hgc nhim dpt dugc kit qui cao uong hgc tpp: • • • • Ty tim hieu/md rgng kidn thOrc qua nguin tii lifu md Ufn mpng intemet (203 SV, chiim 76,8%) Ty bd sung kien Uiirc qua sach vd/giio Ulnh/tii lifu (200SV, chiim 75.8%) Thudng Ipp myc tieu vi ke hopch cho vifc ty hgc ctia mlnh (170SV, chiim 64,2%) Ty hpc vdi nhdm bpn be (/|S7 SV, chiim 63,2%) • Thucmg dn lai tiii giing cu vi hoin thinh bii tpp Uudc ien Idp (157 SV, chiim 59,3%) Ddi vdi nhimg SV ed phuong in tri Idi li ddng y vi hoan todn ddngy duoi 50% cho nhflmg ciu tri Idi dudi day, qui li ding quan ngpi Dieu dd chimg td ring, mgc nira sd SV cdn Ipi ty nhpn thiy phucmg Traai lit KEKE TEUIftKT K V a M H T , Vil IS, h H - a i l phip ty hgc cua minh khdng dat dugc hifu qui cao nhu mong dgi: • Thudng lifn hf kiin Uiirc cu vi kinh nghifm ci nhan de tim hieu kien thirc mdi hoic sir dyng nhflmg cdng cu nhu bin dd tu (129 SV, chiim 48,6%) dugc phin nio nguyen nhin mi nhieu SV vin chua tim cho minh mdt phucmg phip ty hgc rieng phi hgp vi hifu qui cao: • Khdng cd dii Uidi gian di ty hgc (57 lugt tri l&i) • • Chua cd J thirc ty giic (45 lugt tri lai) Giio Uinh, tii lifu tham khio thiiu (37 lugt trd Ici) • Biit ty phin Uch, tdng hgp vi dinh gii nhimg difu & dugc hgc (127 SV, chiim 48,1%) • Biit cich vpn dyng vi lidn hf diyc ti nhflng kiin Uiirc da hpc (126 SV, chiim 47.7%) • Chua ed phuomg phip ty hgc tot (34 lugt tra lai) • Thucmg nghien cim trudc bii giing mdi vi ghi chu nhflng Uiic mie (116SV, chiim 43,8%) • Khdng tip Uung, nhieu yeu td bfn ngoii tic dgng (33 lugt trd l&t) Biit cich thyc hifn ki hopch ty hgc mgt cich hifu qui (74 SV, chiim 28,1%) Cic bien bin phdng van siu eho thay, GV vi chfnh SV cflng Uiira nhin phirong phip ty hgc hifn cua SV van chua hifu qui: • Giio Uinh, tii lifu tham khio thiiu (SOtugi trd l&i) • Chua biit phin bd v i quin \y thdi gian hgp ly (20 lugt trd I&i) ^ J • Khdng biet ty giii quyit vin di vi khdng cd mdi trudng ty hgc tdt (19 lugt trd l&i) • • Hifu qua vifc ty hgc cua cic em khdng cao lim so vdi SV eie khoa khic Uong truomg, chi khoing I /3 cie em li cd phuong phap ty hgc tot (GVnO, Tiin sT) • Cic em van chua ty tim dugc chg mlnh mgt phuomg phip ty hgc rifng phu hgp, y Uiirc ty giic Uong hgc tpp cdn chua cao, van cdn thy ding Uong cich hge (GVnO, Thgc si) • Phin ldn SV hifn chi lim bii tfp vi nhi, chuin bj bai din Idp, rit it ngudi tim tdi, dio siu, Um hiiu Uiem vi nhflng dieu mbih da hgc Ufn Uudng (SVndm thu nhdl, nam) • Cd y Uiuc Uong vifc ty hgc, nhi€n van chua cd mgt ki hopch cy Uii, mgt phucmg phip hifu qui cho vifc ty hgc (SV ndm thu hai, nam) • Bdi viSV Vift Nam tir Uidi phd Uidng da duge dpy Uieo phuong phip Uiiy dgc, Ud chep, chi hgc nhflng gl Uiiy cd da cung cip nen ien dpi hgc cung i p dyng phuomg phip nhu vpy, khiin chg SV hifn gjp nhiiu khd khin Uong viic ty hgc (SVndm thu tu, nu) Qua 351 lugt y kiin ciia SV nfu Ifn nhihig khd khin, Ud ngpi Idn nhit Uong vifc ty hgc, di ly glii TraH HZ Do dd, df giup cho mgt so SV cd phuong phip ty hgc tot, GV cin ting cudng ehia sd kinh nghlfm/phuong phip ty hge phfl hgp vdi die Uiii cua nginh song ngit; cin giao them nhiiu di til vi bii tpp cho SV, cd hudng dan cich lim mau vi chi nhflmg loi sai Uong bii tpp/bii kiim Ua khdng chi cho rieng SV dd mi cho c i cic SV khic Uong ldp biit di cflng sira, khie phyc vi rdt kinh nghifm Cd nhu vfy, SV mdi cd dgng lye, quyit tim Uong vifc ty hgc, se khdng nan chi gip vin di khd vi tu dd din din tpg cho SV biit cich ty hgc vi lya chpn cho mlnh mpt phuong phip ty hge rieng, hifu qui 2.2.4 Mdi tuang quan giua nhdn ihuc, thdi ig vd phuang phdp tu hgc den ket qud hgc lip da sinh viin Qua Bing 4, ta Uiiy eic hf s i hii quy rieng phin Bl (Partial regression coefficients) cua ting thi diu cd gii Uj duong (B^fc, ,hi, ,4 „ »« = 0,326, Bphmmg pMp ni hoc ™ 0,434, B,!,,, a( „ 1,1^ = 0,3 53) vi diu cd mirc •