Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 86 34 ndm 201 GIAO DUC NANG CAO NHAN THlTC VE MOI TRUdNG CHO HQC SINH 6 MOT S 6 TRUING TifeU HQC THUQC QUAN BINH THANH VA HUYf N CU CHI, THANH P H 6 HO CHI MINH QUACH VAN T[.]
86 34 ndm 201: Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM GIAO DUC NANG CAO NHAN THlTC VE MOI TRUdNG CHO HQC SINH MOT S TRUING TifeU HQC THUQC QUAN BINH THANH VA HUYf N CU CHI, THANH P H HO CHI MINH Q U A C H VAN TOAN EM', NGUYEN THANH THAO' T6M TAT Gido due y thirc bdo VQ moi Incdng cho hqc sinh liiu hqc la mqt gidi phdp tiip cat mdi di gidi quyit vdn di vi mdi trudng bin vieng Bdi bdo diiu tra thicc trgng nhdn thicc vi mdi trudng ciia hqc sinh tiiu hqc d mqt sd Irudng thuqc qudn Binh Thgnh vd huy^n Cii Ch Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Nqi dung gido due vi mdi trudng vd bdo v^ mdi trudng dd ndn^ cao nhdn thicc cho hqc sinh vi mdi trudng, giup hqc sinh cd thdi dq vd hdnh vi dimg dm bdo ve mdi trudng Tir khda: bao vf mdi trudng, gido dye mdi tmdng, gido dye tidu hgc ABSTRACT Promoting environmental awareness for pupils at some primary schools in Binh Thanh and Cu Chi Districts, Ho Chi Minh City Educating environmental awareness for primary school pupils is a new way oj approaching to solving the problem on sustainable environment The article is about investigating environmental awareness of pupils at some primary schools in Binh Thanh and Cu Chi Districts, HCMC Providing the contents of environmental education and environmental protection, helps pupils form the appropriate attitudes and behaviors towards the environment protection Keywords: environmental protection, environmental education, primary education Mddau Hifn nay, d Vift Nam cimg vdi sy gia tdng dan so, qua trinh cdng nghifp hda, hifn dgi hda, eon ngudi da tac dgng mgnh me vao ty nhidn din din suy giam eae ngudn tai nguydn va phai ddi mdt vdi nhumg vin dl d nhidm nghidm trgng nhu d nhidm khdng khi, d nhidm nude, tilng dn lam anh hudng xau ddn cugc sdng va siirc khde ngudi dan; lam giam nhanh chdng nhiing loai dgng vat quy hilm; * ThS, Tm-dng Dgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM ** GV, Tru'dng THPT Trung Phu, Cu Chi, TPHCM 56 y thidn tai, djeh bfnh xuat hifn nhidu Mgt nhiing giai phap dd ngdn ngira cac van dk vd mdi tmdng (MT) la phai trye tidp lam thay ddi nhgn thiire eua cfng ddng, cua moi ngudi vl mdi tmdng sdng xung quanh Chinh vi vay, cdng tac giao dye mdi trudng cho toan dan, nhit la the hf hgc sinh nhgn thiic va hanh ddng diing vl bao vf mdi tmdng (BVMT) la nhiem vy quan hang diu Dgc bift, giao dye y thiic bao vf mdi trudng cho hoc sinh tidu hgc la mdt giai phap tilp can mdi dl giai quyit vin dl vl mdi irub^ bin viing cho hdm va mai sau Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Qudeh Vdn Todn Em vd tgk Quan Binh Thanh la quan ndi lhanh vdi nen kinh te cdng nghiep lieu thu cdng nghiep, thuang nghiep - djch vu du Ijch la chu yeu Qua trinh dd lhi hda nhanh chdng, lam thay ddi dien mgo kinh le van hda xa hdi ciia qugn Sy thay ddi ciing gdp phan lam Binh Thgnh phai ddi dien vdi nhieu van dd \e mdi trudng Ben cgnh dd Cii Chi ciing Id huyen dang cd ldc dd thj hda, cdng nghifp hda rat mgnh Vi the ma van de ve MT d huydn ciing la van de dang lo nggi Vifc lien hanh nghidn eiiu "Gido dgc nang cao nhgn thire vi mdi tru&ng cho hpc sinh & mpt so tru&ng tiiu hpc thupe qugn Binh Thgnh vd huyin Cu Chi, Thdnh Ho Chi Minh' la mdl ydu eau can thidt nham danh gia thyc \ \ y r trgng giao dye mdi trudng d mdl sd trudng tidu hgc qugn Binh Thgnh va huydn Cii Chi Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM); tir dd, gdp phin nang eao nhgn thiic, thai va hanh vi ddi vdi vifc bao vf mdi trudng (BVMT) cho hgc sinh (HS) d mdt so tmdng tidu hgc qugn Binh Thgnh va huyfn Cii Chi ndi ridng va hgc sinh bae tiiu hgc (TH) d dja ban TPHCM ndi ehung Doi tugng, thdi gian, ngi dung va phuomg phdp nghien ciru 2.1 Doi tuang nghiin ciru y Giao dye nang cao nhgn thiie ve mdi tmdng cho hgc sinh d tmdng tieu hgc d quan Binh Thgnh, TPHCM (Thanh Da: 74 HS, Thgnh My Tay: 86 HS, Trin Quang Vinh: 72 HS, Binh Lgi Tmng: 77 HS) va tmdng tiiu hgc d huyfn Cu Chi, 'TPHCM (Tmng An: 70 HS, Hda Phii: 70 HS), 2.2 Th&i gian nghiin cuu: Thang 10/2010-thang 4/2011, 2.3 Npi dung nghien ciru Tim hieu thuc trgng ve nhgn thire, r thai dg ddi vdi mdi Irudng ciia HS khdi tai cac Irudng TH da chgn trudc va sau lap huin (j)hg Ige /), danh gia hieu qua lap huan 2.4 Phuang phdp nghiin cuu 2.4.1 Phuang phdp nghien ciru tdi lieu Nghidn ciiu cac lai lieu vd mdi Irudng, thu thap va vill lai lieu lap huan sal vdi trinh ciia hgc sinh TH (khoi 4) 2.4.2 Phuang phdp tap hudn Tap huan trye tiep cac ndi dung vd mdi trudng cho khoang 480 hgc sinh khdi (liy ldp, 60-90 em/lrudng), thudc irudng TH d qugn Binh Thgnh va tmdng tidu hgc d huyfn Cii Chi 2.4.3 Ndi dung tap hudn 9 y ' Tap huan cho HS vd vai trd dat, nudc, khdng ciing nhu nguydn nhan, tac hai va bifn phap khdc phyc d nhidm dit, nudc, khdng khi, rac thai va tim hiiu vl vai trd eiia rimg eimg nguydn nhan, hau qua va bidn phap khie phyc sy suy giam tai nguydn rimg, 2.4.4 Phuang phdp xie li sd lieu Diing loan thdng kd iing dung sinh hgc nhu sir dyng phan mem Excel 2007 va Stagraphic Sgplus 3,0 dl xir li eae sd lifu, Ket qua vd ban luan 3.1 Vi phia hpc sinh tru&c tap hudn y 3.1.1 Nhdn thuc eua hqc sinh ve mdi truang vd bdo ve mdi trudng (Phg Ige 2) 57 86 34 ndm 2011 Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Nhdm cdu hdi thiir cd ti If HS tri Idi dung khd cao (cau 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10) Sd dT nhu vdy Id cde kiln thiire vl cdch phdng bfnh lay qua dudng tidu hda, khai nifm trao dli chit, hau qud cua vifc chdi phd rimg bira bai, khdi nifm nudc o nhidm, cdch xu li rdc thai dd gay d nhiem nhit, nguydn nhan gay d nhidm nudc thugc vl kiln thiic cdc em da dugc hgc Bk HS cd thdi dg vd hdnh vi dung myc gdp phin bao vf MT sing thdm tuoi d?p, eae em phai ed mft nhgn thiic dung vl hifn trgng MT vd nhiing ldc hgi eua no Nhgn thirc cua HS vl MT vd BVMT trudc tgp huin cd sy khde bift giura cdc trudng va gitS-a cdc eau (bdng 3.1, bang 3.2), Kit qua bdng phan tieh 3,1 vd phy lyc cho thiy: Bdng 3.1 Su khde bi?t ve nhgn thiee eua hqc sinh ve MT vd BVMT trudc tap hudn theo edu Mui t i p l e Method: ::AU e e IO Kan g e O Tes t s for p e r c e n t LSD Count 6 6 6 6 6 TRUOC liS Mean Bomogeneous 54 74 74 76 79 81 82 84 84 90 6467 1533 ^, Groups ,-x\ 1X) 29 >X / 2883 3883 65 94 / XX \ ' XX 1 XX \ \ XX j ^ X/ 0533 8333 355 Nhdm cau hdi thiir cd ti If HS tra ldi diing d mirc kha (cau 2, 4, 7) Day ciing la nhumg kiln thiic cac em da dugc hgc d cdc Idp dudi nhu khai nifm phan logi rac thai, nguydn nhan gay d nhidm dit, tac hgi eua d nhiem khdng Ben cgnh do, cac kiln thiic ciing mang tinh lidn hf ndn cd thi mgt so em da quen ho^c chua nhgn thurc diy du vin dk, do vln tra ldi sai Nhdm cau hdi thiir cd ti If HS tra ldi dung d miirc tmng binh (cau 3), vi vai trd ciia qua trinh quang hgp d thyc vgt 58 b y CAU cde em chua dugc hgc md chi dugc biet ddn vifc cay xzmh de bao vf bau khdng sgch Va vi cdc dap an gin giong nhau, cdc em chua y thiic sau sdc dugc vai trd quan trgng cua cdy xanh nen rit nhiiu HS cho ring lam nhu vgy la dd lam d?p cho tmdng vd dudng phd ma khdng bilt ring ben cgnh vifc lam dep cho tmdng vd dudng pho, cay xanh cd kha nang quang hgp chuyen hda CO2 vd nudc khdng tao chit hChi CO vd O2, gdp phin lam giam nhidm khdng Qudch Vdn Todn Em vd tgk Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Bdng 3.2 Su khde biet vi nhdn thicc ciia hqc sinh ve MTvd BVMT trudc tap hudn theo truang M u l t i p l e Range Method: TRUONG 95.0 T e s t s fOL- TRUOC b y TRUONG p e r c e n t LSD LS Mean Count 10 10 10 10 10 10 70 71 74 30 , 1 83 88 143 Bang phan tich 3,2 va phy lye cho thiy ti If HS tra ldi diing cdn phy thugc vao timg trudng va ed thd chia lam nhdm: Nhdm trudng cd ti If HS trd ldi diing ca 10 cau hdi thudc ITnh vyc nhgn thiic d miic cao: tmdng Hda Phii (88,14%), tmdng - Thgnh My Tay (83,72 %), tmdng Thanh Da (80,81%) Do cac tmdng cd co sd vat chit tdt, BGH nha tmdng quan tam va thudng xuyen kidm tra nhic nhd GV thyc hifn GDMT cho HS ndn cac em cd nhgn thiic kha tdt vl vin dl MT va BVMT, Nhdm trudng cd ti If HS tra Idi diing d miie kha: tmdng Binh Lgi Trung, tmdng - Trin Quang Vinh, tmdng 5: Tmng An Cac trudng cd CO sd vat chit cdn thiiu thdn, BGH cd quan tam nhung chua thyc sy sau sac Tmdng Tmng An la tmdng ngogi dang xay dymg lgi nen phai mugn tmdng Tmng hgc Co sd Tan Tmng cii dd hogt ddng, CO sd vat chit khd khdn, diiu kifn vf sinh khdng'dugc dam bao, 5GH chi Homogeneous Groups / X XX i XXX / XXX • ( XX j X ^ tgo didu kifn cho gido vidn GDMT bang each cir GV di lap huin cd chi thj ciia Phdng Giao dye hoac Bg Giao dye va Dao tgo, cdn ddi vdi HS thi eung cip sach bao cd lidn quan cho cac em; dd, nhan thirc vl MT va BVMT cdn hgn chl Tmdng Trin Quang Vinh va Binh Lgi Tmng la tmdng ndi thanh, co sd vat chit chua diy du, BGH cd phin quan tam va hd trg eho GV hom la tmdng Tmng An nhung eiing ehua thyc sy sau sdc Ti If BGH thudng xuyen dy gid cac tilt dgy ldng ghep GDMT eua GV chi ,chilm ti If trung binh (tmdng Trin Quang Vinh: 50%, tmdng Binh Lgi Trung: 66,67%) Va la trudng ndi thanh_ndn nhgn thiic cua HS cd phin tdt hom HS trudng Trung An, 3.1.2 Thdi eua hqc sinh ddi vdi mdi trudng vd bdo ve mdi truang (phg Igc 2) Sau da cd nhgn thiic diing din, HS cin phai biin nhgn thiire dd thai va hanh vi thi vifc GDMT mdi dgt hifu qua SO 86 34 ndm 2012 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Bdng 3.3 Sir khdc hi?I vi thdi dq ciia HS doi vdi MTvd BVMT tncdc tap hudn theo cdu ^'luliiplr f; i-|i.-„ i: p - 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M/ti:* 92 •J0f;7 ^Y.r.:\/ / XX/.X I 9-j.in7 I F - / Kit qua bang phan lich 3.3 va phy lyc cho Ihay sy khae bift giua eae cau * 1| n- ,.j T J - i r ' \ u p s N XX ] \xxxy ^ ' x N^ ( ^^' \>iy I 3.2 Vi phia hpc sinh sau tap hudn 3.2.1 Nhgn thicc ciia hqc sinh ve mdi trudng vd bdo vf mdi truang (phg Igc 2) Bang 3.5 Bdng phdn tieh sic khdc biet ve nhgn thicc ciia HS trudc vd sau tap hudn M u l t i p l e Rang'? Tests "" Met h o d : p e r -^: r r L S D Count Mean TRUOC SAU 60 c C [•'-.•rii ".5