Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C NHUNG RM HOC GIRO DUC DOC DRO • • • TRONG TRRNH DRN GIRN VICT NRAA PH\N IIONCISON TrudnsDHSPIIaNoi Cd nha nghien cQu da nhan xet Trong vay sau nhung gid hpc tren ldp neu ket hpp ne[.]
TIM HIEU KIEN THL/C NHUNG RM HOC GIRO DUC DOC DRO • • • TRONG TRRNH DRN GIRN VICT NRAA PH\N IIONCISON TrudnsDHSPIIaNoi Cd nha nghien cQu da nhan xet: Trong vay sau nhung gid hpc tren ldp neu ket hpp nen van hda dan toe tranh dan gian duge coi cho hoc sinh di thuc te d cac lang nghe se nhu vien nggc quy sang ngdi chuoi nggc giup cho hpe sinh cam nhan dupe phan nao nghe thuat tao hinh Vien ngoc ay duoe tao tinh tdng the sang tao van hda dan gian nen bdi ban tay thd rap nhung day tai nang Nen ed d!nh hudng eu the tQ nhung hoat dpng eiia nguoi ndng dan lang xa ndng thdn tren, bdi ngoai yeu to ngdn ngir tao hinh thuin Viet Nam xua Tranh dan gian dupe tao bdi Tuy, tranh dan gian cdn mang lai cho hpe sinh tap the, su ddng thuan each nghT va nhung th thUc dan gian dugc the hien each lam ciia cdng ddng, vi vay hieu qua tha'm tranh thdng qua he thdng cae bieu tugng van my ciia nd that de cam nhan, that gin gui vdi hda, eae md tip tao hinh Khi xem tranh ta thay moi thdi dai, eae bieu tupng van hda dupe the hien dan da, Tranh dan gian da dupe lua ehpn va mpc mac DP la Ipn, ga, hoa la Vi du dua vao chuong trinh my thuat d cac trudng bue Dai Cat ga tuong trung cho nam due phd thdng da lau, nhien nhung gpi y tQ tri tinh quy la: Van, Vd Dung, Nhan, Tin Van: Bd thue van hda tranh van ehua dupc quan Idng dep, mao ga gidng nhu mu canh chuPn tam dung muc, Giao due tha'm mT khong don eiia quan van Vo: Cua ga Dung: Dam chien thuan la cam thu ve dep ngdn ngu nghe thuat, dau mpt each quan tir, mat ddi mat neu biet each khai thac nhung gia tri van hoa tupng Ca chep tuong trung cho giau co, tri an tang tung tae pham thi hieu qua giao Idn, gap hpi se vuot vu mdn hPa rPng Riia due se duoe nang cao hon Can luu y la gia tri tupng trung cho sdng lau, tham tram sau sac tha'm my eiia cac tae pha'm chi dupc the hien Mai - Lan - Ciic - Tnic dupc coi la quan tQ, djnh mdt each trpn ven dat nd d mpt khung hudng cho ngudi tu tu than Ngoai ra, canh, mdt khdng gian va mdt mdi trudng ciJ the nhung dd vat tranh cung cd tinh bieu My thuat dan gian van dang edn duoe tuong: Thap biit cd y nghTa tri thQc, sQ phong sang tao rat smh ddng tai eae lang nghe, Vi Hinh luu di vdi hinh tuang biu afpu va tui thd chudng TIM HIEU KIEN THlJC khanh cd nghTa la dao lam ngudi Nhu vay, Dam euai Chudt, canh tupng ldn xpn cac bieu tupng van hda dan gian da dupe cu den tQc cudi Thay Cdc, chat tru tinh the hda bang cac md tip tao hmh dan gian lae quan HUng dira Trong tranh HUng Tranh dan gian cung cap th thirc ve dira cd ddi cau tho di dom: Khen kheo mdi trudng tu nhien va mdi trudng song eua dung nen di/a I Day treo day hUng cho vira ngudi: Giao vien eung hpe sinh cd the tim tdng nhau, dung la tho hpa song ddi Tri thuc hieu cac loai eay cd, ddng vat hoac cac kien ve giao tiep ung xu duoc xem la mue tieu ldn true ndng thdn than thupc nhu dinh, ehiia, nha cae ddng tranh dan gian Nhung su viec d, lang tam., cac trang phijc eiia quan dan, didn hang co the da quen mat nhung xiem y ciia cac than nQ cung nhQ cac trd chai dudi each bieu hien cd sue truyen cam bang dan gian Cae sinh hoat thuong nhat eung dupe ngdn ngu my thuat lam cho ngudi xem bat len the hien rat sinh ddng, dd la Chan trau tha tieng eudi sang khoai, sau la suy ngam ve dieu va Chan trau thoi (Ddng HP), moi quan eae mpi quan he giua eon ngudi vdi he cdng sinh Ndng nhan (Odng Hd) ve Day chinh la nhung bai hoe giao due rat co y dep tmh te To nff (Hang Trdng), Thg cay nghTa, vai bd va Thg eay vdi trau (Hang Thdng qua tranh dan gian ngudi ta Trdng) Giao vien ed the khai thae theo edn biet den eae th thUc ve phuang thUe san nhieu hudng, su da dang tri thue mdi xuat va luu truyen: Tranh dan gian edn eung trudng sdng dupe the hien sinh dpng cap cho hpe sinh nhung thdng tin dpc dao ve tranh Qua dd hpc sinh thay dupe quan niem chat lieu va each chd bien tu nhien de tao tha'm my eiia ngudi xua khdng bi bo hep bdi nguyen lieu cho viee sang tao Phuong thue cac dmh kien khae eua xa hpi phong kien san xuat cpng dPng, tinh doan ket tap the Ngoai ra, tranh dan gian edn giao due cae th thUc ve giao tiep u'ng xir Tinh tha'm my sang tae eung la mpt bieu hien eua tranh dan gian cdn the hien rd d each giao due cpng ddng - Vdi each tidp can neu tren, giao vien giao due bang tae pham nghe thuat Cach thuc se giup hoc sinh xay di/ng dupe tu tieh tao hinh co ban la gay cudi de tao su Idi cudn cue chu dpng nhin nhan thifc te sinh ddng cho ngudi xem (dien hinh la phong each tranh bang tdng the cae moi quan he, Khi hpe sinh Ddng Hd) Vi du nhu nghjch canh tranh duoc dmh hudng giao tiep vdi cae tac pham Danh ghen, su hdi hpp lo au eua ehu re Chupt nhu vay thi bai hpc giao diic se phat huy tac dpi lap vdi dang ngPi chdm che ciia dng Meo dung eao hpn GIAI DAP THAC MAC Cau hoi: De nghi thay (cd) cung cap cho trudng (phdng hpc, san trudng, khu chung em nhifng hieu biet ve phifdng phap ve sinh, vudn trudng ) de phat hien nhung dieu tra day hpc mdn Dao du'c d tieu ndi saeh dep, nhung npi ehua saeh dep, nguyen hgc nhan, tu dd, de xuat bien phap khac phuc PGS TS NguySn Hud Help Trifdng DHSP Ha Npi, tra ldi: Chung tdi da nhan dupc mpt sd cau hdi lien quan den phuang phap dieu tra nhu: Y nghTa, ndi dung, phuong tien, thtifi gian, phuong phap phdi hpp, su chuan bi ciia giao vien, each giao nhiem vu eau hdi cho hpc sinh, hinh thQc td chQc, each danh gia ket qua dieu tra, nhung sai lam can tranh dd'i vdi giao vien van dung phuong phap Sau day la nhung hieu biet co ban ve cae van de tren: Y nghla ciia phifdng phap dieu nhung npi ehua saeh dep Oieu tra la eau ndi quan trpng giup hpc sinh van dung kien thue dao dQc vao eupe sd'ng, md rpng hieu biet ve thue tidn cude song xung quanh, hda nhap cdng ddng xa hpi, gan viec hpc tap d nha trudng vdi thuc te xa hpi phong phu Qua dd, cae em hinh dupc thai trach nhiem doi vdi nhung van de ma xa hpi dang quan tam giai quyet, djnh hudng eho viee thuc hien hanh vi dao dQc ciia minh mpt each thich hop, mang tinh tu giac cao Ngoai ra, dieu tra cdn giup hpc sinh hinh mdt sd ky nang sdng nhu: ky nang tra Td chQe dieu tra la phuong phap td chuc cho hpc sinh tim hieu thuc trang mpt sd van de thuc tidn eupe sd'ng cua cac em lien quan den bai dao dQc lap ke hoach, lam viee theo nhdm, phat hien va giai quyet van de, tu danh gia edng viec ciia minh Noi dung dieu tra cua hoc sinh Chung ta biet, giao due dao dQc cho Chung ta biet, mpt chuan mirc hanh hpe sinh tieu hpe gdp phan td chuc eupe sdng vi dao dQc thudng ed hai phan la hanh ciia tre, dd, phai gan bai hpc dao dQc vdi ddng hay thai va doi tugng Vi du: Chuan thuc tidn xung quanh eae em Phuong phap muc hanh vi Giu gin trudng lap sach dep cP dieu tra bao dam duoc ddi hdi dd Khi tham phan thu nhat la giir gin, phin gia viee dieu tra, hpc sinh phai tham nhap va thQ hai la trudng ldp Khi dieu tra, hpc sinh tim nghien cuu thuc te, quan sat hien trang de cd hieu doi tugng ma khdng phai hanh dpng, tue dupc nhung thdng tin, sd lieu can thiet va xac la npi dung dieu tra lien quan ehii ydu den djnh nguyen nhan, va tQ dd, de nhQng bien nhung su vat theo bai dao dQc NhQ vay, phap giai quyet Vi du, day bai dao dQc didu tra theo bai Giir gin trudng ldp sach dep, GiU gin trudng lap sach dep, giao vien cd the hpc sinh tim hieu xem, trudng ldp eiia minh co yeu eau hpe sinh dieu tra mdt sd khu vuc khae sach dep khdng, nhQ'ng noi nao sach dep, ^6 GIAI DAP THAC MAC nhung nai ehua saeh dep chQ khdng phai - Bien phap khae phuc nham lam cho dieu tra xem ItJp minh, nhung ban nao nhung noi d nhiem trd nen saeh dep Vi dij: biet giu gin trudng ldp sach dep, nhQng ban Odi vdi khu ve sinh, nha trudng can cap nudc nao edn gay mat ve smh trudng ldp day du, gan bie'n nhac nhd mpi ngudi di ve Thdng thudng, dieu tra, hpe sinh sinh xong thi dpi nude NhiJtig loal phUdng tien co the can lam rd npi dung cu the: Thuc trang cua su vat dupe dieu tra - Nguyen nhan cua thuc trang dP sir dung van dung phUdng phap dieu tra - Bien phap khac phuc neu su vat dd ehua td't Phudng tien dupe sQ dung cho dieu tra cu the la: Phieu dieu tra: Can ed phieu dieu Vi du: Khi hpc bai GiU gin trudng ldp tra dupe thiet ke thich hpp dd giup hpc sinh sach dep, hpc sinh can tim hieu: NhQng khu vuc trudng minh ghi lai ket qua cho de dang va thuan Ipi sach dep, nhQng noi bi d nhidm Vi du: Cae Phieu dieu tra la mpt bao dam quan trpng cho ldp hpe sach se, vudn trudng dep de, cdn khu cdng ciia viee van dung phudng phap ve sinh thi hdi ham Phidu dieu tra cd the dupc hpe sinh npp - Nguyen nhan ciia tinh trang d nhiem d nhQng noi dd Vi du: Ldp hpc saeh se nhd lai eho giao vien hoac lam co sd dd viet bao cao trinh bay trudc ldp dupe hpe sinh cac ldp lam ve sinh, vudn trudng Vi du, ddi vdi bai Biet an thuang binh, dep de nhd dupe thudng xuyen cham sPe, liet sl, phieu dieu tra cd the dupc thiet kd nhu cdn khu ve sinh hdi ham mpt sd ban hpc sau: sinh di ve sinh khdng dpi nudc Ldp: Nhdm: PHI^U DlSU TRA Bai: Biet an thuang binh liet sl Cac em hay dieu tra, tim hieu ve nhung gia dinh thuang binh, liet sTtai dd, ghi rd ket qua vao phieu Stt Hp gia dinh thifdng binh, liet si Hg ten thu'cfng binh, liet si Nhan xet cua thay (ed giao) Hoan canh gia dinh rdi sau Nhifng cdng viec can giup dd Chu ky cua cae nha dieu tra GIAI DAP THAC MAC - May anh, may tmh may chieu: Ndu dupc tidn hanh vao thdi gian ngoai gid len ldp dieu kien cho pnep hpe smh co the su dung giua cac tiet dao ddc Cu the la, sau hpc may anh de chup lai nhumg su vat, hien tupng xong tiet 1, cac em duoc giao vien giao nhiem ma cac em quan sat duoc Vi du: Khi tim hieu vij dieu tra Vao thdi gian ngoai gid len ldp hoan eanh cua mot sd gia dinh thuong binh, thich hpp, hpc smh tht/c hien nhiem vu dieu liet sy, hoe sinh cd the chup mpt so hue anh tra eua minh ve ngdi nha, nhung vat dung nha, tam -I Neu ddi tuong dieu tra d bang To quoe ghi edng dd'i vdi liet sy eanh trudng (vi du bai Giu gin trudng ldp sach vudn tuoc cua gia dmh Sau nay, cac em dep ) hay gin trudng (vi diJ, bai GiU trat tu ve cd the chieu nhung buc anh tren ldp eho sinh nai edng cdng ), hpe sinh ed the thuc eae ban cung xem hien viee dieu tra vao gid choi, sau gid hpc - Phieu bao cao: Ngoai ra, cd the can t- Neu ddi tuong dieu tra xa trudng, cip cho cac em ca Phieu bao cao de eae em gan dia ban dan eu noi cae em d (vi du, bai viet bao eao ket qua dieu tra va se trinh bay Biet an thuang binh liet si ), thi cac em tien trude ldp hanh dieu tra vao thdi gian ranh rdi nao dd, Ve thdi gian, phUdng phap td chii'c dieu tra nhu thu bay, ehu nhat, Cac hinh thut td chdckhl van dung Ve thdi gian, eP phuang an thirc hien viee dieu tra Trudc hoe bai dao due, Hpe smh phUdng phap dieu tra Ve hinh thuc td chuc, ed phuong an: Theo td, theo nhdm va ca nhan tien hanh dieu tra ehua hoe bai dao due, Noi chung, dieu tra la edng viec nen Vi du, tuin sau mdi hpc bai GiUgin trudng lap cd sir phdi hop eiia hpc sinh vdi nhau, cho sach dep nhung tuan giao vien da td nen, nen td chQc cac em theo nhdm, theo to ehue cho cae em dieu tra tinh hinh ve sinh Vi du, dieu tra ve cac gia dinh thuong binh, mpt so khu vuc khac trudng, liet sT, nen td chQc theo nhdm gdm nhung hpc Trong hoc tiet hay tiet bai dao due, Phuang an dupc van dung doi vdi smh cung dia ban dan eu, Viec td chQc theo nhom, td edn co tac dung giao due to Idn nhung bai dao due lien quan den nhung dd'i hinh d cac em nhung net tinh each tich tuong trudng gan trudng, Vi du, viee dieu cue nhu biet phan edng nhiem vu cho nhau, tra theo bai Giu gin trudng ldp sach dep cung biet phoi hop, hop tac vdi nhau, biet giup dd cd the duoc tien hanh hoc tiet hoan cdng viee chung - Sau hpc tiet hay tiet 2: Thdng Odi vdi bai dao due lien quan den quan thuong, viee dieu tra eiia hoc sinh thudng he gia dinh, giao vien cd the td chuc theo hmh ^S GIAI DAP THAC MAC - Xac oinh muc dich eiia viec dieu tra: thuc ca nhan Vi du, day bai Cham lam viec nha, giao vien yeu eau hpc sinh tim hieu Vi du, day bai Biet an thuang binh liet sJ nhung edng viee nha ma mdi vien (ldp 3), giao vien cd the td chQc eho eae em gia dinh minh thudng lam tim hieu nhung gia dinh thuong binh, liet si Sir phdi ket hdp lan giu'a cac phi/Png phap dieu tra Phuang phap dieu tra cd the dupc van dung phdi hpp vdi mpt so phuang phap gan noi minh d nham mue dieh tim hieu hoan canh cua hp va tu dd, dinh hudng, xay dung ke hoach giiip dd nhung gia dinh gap khd khan theo kha nang eua cac em, khac Cu the la, trudc giao nhiem vu Xac djnh npi dung dieu tra: Giao dieu tra sau tiet 1, giao vien nen van dung vien can can cQ vao tinh chat ciia bai dao due, nhung phuong phap day hpe thieh hpp (nhu kha nang va kinh nghiem eua hpc sinh, dieu phuong phap thao luan nhdm ) de cac em ed kien thuc td xung quanh de xae djnh edng duoe nhung tri thQc can thiet ve ehuan mue viec dieu tra eho phu hpp Vi du: Viec dieu tra hanh vi cho viec dieu tra nhu su can thiet, eae gia dinh thuang binh, liet sy co the gdm each thuc hien chuan mue hanh vi Neu cac npi dung co ban la hoan eanh gia dinh, nhung em ehua hpe bai dao due thi giao vien neu rd edng viee can dupc giup dd y dd, muc dieh eiia viee dieu tra phuc vu eho viec hpc tap bai dao due cu the Sau dieu tra xong, hpc sinh cd the bao cao ket qua trude ldp (khi dd, can van - Du kidn ket qua dieu tra cua hpe sinh, nhu nhung thdng tin cu the, cac loai phieu can hoan (nhu Phieu dieu tra, Phieu bao cao) dung phuang phap bao eao) Nhin ehung, - Chuan bj Phieu dieu tra: Phieu dieu phuong phap dieu tra va bao cao nen di vdi tra can dupc thiet ke thich hpp de giup hpe - sau dieu tra thi cd bao eao Vi du: sau sinh ghi lai ket qua cho thuan lai va sau dieu tra ve mpt so gia dinh thuong binh, npp lai eho giao vien hay trinh bay trude ldp liet sy sau hpe tiet 1, hpe sinh bao cao ket - Ngoai ra, giao vien edn phai du kien qua dieu tra vao tiet nham xay dung kd thdi gian, each tien hanh dieu tra ciia hpc hoach giup dd nhung gia dinh gap khd khan sinh, dja diem, phPi hpp cae luc luong giao theo kha nang eua minh due de hd trp hpe sinh thifc hien viec dieu tra NhuYig npi dung giao vien can va danh gia kdt qua Vi du: Khi td chQe eho chuan bi qua trinh van dung phUdng hpe sinh dieu'tra theo bai Biet an thuang binh phap dieu tra liet sJ, giao vien nen tinh den su phoi hop vdi Trong qua trinh ehuin bj, giao vien can: gia dinh de gia dinh giup hpc sinh edng viec 39 GIAI DAP THAC MAC cho thuan Ipi Cac budc tien hanh dieu tra cho hoc sinh 10 Kiem tra va danh gia ket qua dieu tra cua hoc sinh van dung phUdng phap dieu tra Bude thudng tidn hanh trudc Giao vien cd the true tiep quan sat hpc sinh thifc hien nhiem vu dieu tra, vi du viec lam eua hpe sinh hay phoi hpp vdi gia vao eudi tidt bai dao due, Khi do, giao vien dinh, dpi ngu tu quan cua eae em de kiem giup hoe sinh nam vung: tra viee dieu tra, Viec danh gia ket qua dieu - Ndi dung dieu tra, tra ciia hpc sinh ed the dupc tien hanh theo - Cach tien hanh, each ghi chep, mpt sd each nhu: - Dja diem dieu tra, - Yeu cau ve ket qua, san pha'm Thdi gian va thdi han hoan thanh, Sau dd, giao vien phat phieu dieu tra eho cae em, Hoe sinh sQ dung kdt qua dieu tra de lien he trudc ldp Vi du: Sau dieu tra theo bai Giu gin trudng lap sach dep, hpc sinh lien he, trudng minh nhung noi saeh dep, nhung noi ehua saeh dep Viec hoc sinh can lam van dung phUdng phap dieu tra Theo nhiem vu dieu tra dupe giao, - Hpe sinh npp ket qua dieu tra (Phieu dieu tra), giao vien ghi nhan xet vao phieu rdi tra lai eho hoc sinh hoe sinh can tim hieu nhung thdng tin cin thiet qua ngudi Idn, tiep can hien trudng de Hpc sinh ndp phieu dieu tra, giao vien nhan xet cdng khai trude ldp CO duoc ket qua trung thuc, chinh xac theo - Hpe sinh bao cao trude ldp, ldp thao yeu ciu Vi du, dieu tra ve eae gia dinh luan va rut ket luan Vi du: Sau dieu tra thuong binh, liet sT gin noi d eiia minh (bai eae gia dinh thuong binh liet sy, hpc sinh bao Biet an thuang binh liet si), cac em can hdi cao va ldp thao luan de du kien ke hoach giup trude eha me - thdn xdm minh, cd dd mpt sd gia dinh gap khd khan nhung gia dinh thuong bmh, liet sT nao Sau 11 Nhufng sal lam ma giao vien dd, hpc sinh den cac gia dinh dP de tim hieu can tranh sir dung phi/dng phap dieu nhung thdng tin can thidt theo nhiem vu nhu tra hoan eanh gia dinh hp, nhung kho khan hp gap phai cupc song Khi sQ dung phuong phap nay, nhung sai lam ma giao vien can tranh la: - Sau dieu tra xong, cae em hoan - Npi dung dieu tra khdng phu hpp vdi cac phieu theo yeu eau nhu phieu dieu bai dao dQc, 'ha nang, kinh nghiem cua hoc tra, phieu bao eao (ndu can, de npp lai eho sinh tieu hpc, dieu kien thifc te xung quanh, giao vien hoac bao cao, trinh bay trudc ldp) thieu tinh hien thuc Vi du, khdng nen yeu 40 l i l A I D A P T H A C MAC cau cac em dieu tra nhung su vat, hien tupng nhung viec ghi ket qua dieu tra ma edn qua xa noi hpe smh sdng, hpe tap thieu can eu de bao eao trudc ldp (cae em ed - Cdng viee dieu tra phai khdng cd tac dung giao due thiet thuc Vi du, neu yeu cau the khdng nhd hdt nhung gi ma minh da tim hieu duoc) hpc sinh dieu tra ve viec tung ban cd Thieu bien phap kiem tra viee thue nhung hanh vi gi lien quan viec giu gin trudng hien cua hpe smh va khdng danh gia kdt qua, ldp sach dep (bai GiU gin trudng ldp sach hay danh gia khdng kjp thdi, thie'u khach quan dep) thi cd the gay mat doan kdt ldp dd lam sinh mpt sd hien tupng tieu cue - Khdng cd Phieu dieu tra cho cae em nhu su gia tao, benh hinh thUe, su chan nan d lam cho hpe sinh khd khan, lung tQng khdng cac em Cau hoi: De nghi thay (cdjphan tich vai trd xa hpi nhtimg ngudi hpc gidi, dd dat eao, nhifng cda chd viet va viet chu'trong ddi sdng van ngudi thay, ngudi bidt chu dupc tdn vinh, coi hda hien va van de sif dung i/y viet trpng Nhung ngudi dd dat cao dupc bd nhiem GVC Oao Phu Quyen • TrUdng DHSP Ha giu cae ehue vu quan trpng giup eho xa hoi dn Npi tra ldi: dinh, phat trien Vj tri ngudi thay duoc tdn Ve van de eae ban hdi, ehung tdi xm vinh, nhung ngudi thiy cd nhieu cdng dQc tra Idi nhu sau: dupe nha nude va nhan dan lap den thd (nhu I Chur viet va viet chiir ddi sdng van Khdng TQ, Chu Van An) Mpt ngudi tdt, mpt hoa Viet Nam cpng dPng td't, mdt xa hpi tdt la mdt nguoi, Viec tim ehu viet lam cho van mpt cpng ddng, mpt xa hdi tdn ngudi hda, van mmh cua loai ngudi phat tnen vuot thay - ngudi mang lai eho ea nhan va cpng bac Khi ehua ed ehu viet, viec truyen thu tri dong, xa hpi chu viet va tri thUe dd vuon len thUe, day nghe, kinh nghiem sdng eua ngudi Cae cu xua rat ton ehu viet biet cho ngudi chua hieu biet bj nhieu han ehe Ngudi ta xin ehu cac cu Nghe de ve khac chu Khi cd ehu viet hieu suit eiia cae viee truyen thd tu hoac treo nha, Saeh quy duac giu thu tren dupe nang cao gap nhieu lan, Trong can than de truyen eho con, chau, Nhung tc 41 GIAI D A P T H A C M A C giay cd chif viet dupe coi trpng, khdng bj dung cac ang van tho hay, de cao dupc tinh vao nhung viec lam lang ma tdi chQ vidt (nhu ehan, thien, my, mang lai \a ich cho cdng ddng dung gdi qua sang, dung cdng viec ve sinh) Ope cac sang tae xua ta khdng he thay ngudi ed tri thue dung chQ de viet cac NhQng ngudi thay xua rat chQ y chuyen thd tue, thieu van hda Ngay nay, tren luyen chQ Ai cung viet dep va ehuan Hpc trd mang Internet ta thay rat nhieu eau thd tuc, nhQng dau tdi trudng dupe hpe chQ va kem van hda Oi dpc phd phudng ngudi ta luyen viet chu Chu phai viet dep va ehuan gap rat nhieu bien hieu vidt sai chinh ta, nhieu Nhung hpe trd viet au, ehu xau, giQ vd khdng ngudi coi la ehuyen binh thudng, chang saeh dep thudng bj thay phat nghiem khac mudn gdp y Mdi lan bj phat phai dat tay len mat ban, de Ope sach bao nudc ngoai ta khdng thiy vut cho miy thudc ke rat dau de nhd ma he gap cau viet nao ed de vai chQ Viet cd gang viet ehu eho tdt va giu vd saeh se, vay ma nhieu td bao eiia ta hien nay, ke hpe hanh can than Cach day dd lam eho hpc ea bao dien tir, dai truyen hinh ed xen nhieu trd ludn cd y thQc ren luyen viet chQ dep Ngay tQ Anh, My Mpt ed mat mui de coi quang cao each day dd khdng cdn dupc tri va thuoc Vitamin tren tmyen hinh da dpc Vitamin tinh trang hpc smh viet xau kha phd bien Khdng E Vitamin Chang le am e khdng ed it ngudi tQ chd khdng coi trpng chQ viet din tieng Viet: Khi e chuyen sang dpc den khdng coi trpng npi dung bai viet, kien thQc a khdng dpc ca tQ vitamin theo tieng Anh! nam lo mp, tim each quay cdp kiem tra, thi Viec lam the hien su tu ti dan tpc, khdng cQ, khong chu y nang trinh dp minh ngang tdn trpng tieng Viet Vay ma chang thay vj tam vdi diem sd va bang cap minh co dupc tdng bien tap bao, cac co quan quan ly bao Day hpe trd viet ehu dep, can than ehi, xuat ban chan chmh la mpt nhung viee day lam ngudi Hpc II Van de sii dung cac chiir i/y irorxg tieng trd tQ chd cd ne nep viet chu can than, ghi Viet chep va trinh bay vd dep tdi chd yeu thich hpc ChQ viet tieng Viet vua la ky hieu ghi hanh, cham chi, tiep thu va didn dat tdt bai am vj, vQa bieu dat y nghTa ciia tQ, vua mang hpe va sau se trd nhung ngudi lam sac thai van hda cua dan tpc viec cham ehi, can min, khdng lam viec qua Trong tieng Viet, cung mpt am l\l nhung loa, dai khai Hp dung chQ viet de trinh bay tot CO hai chQ cai /' va y la bat nguon ttf ngudn edng viec, Nhung ngudi sang tac van thd lam gde lieh sir va van hda eua tieng Viet Viet Nam 42 GIAI OAP THAC MAC nam vung van hda phuang Ddng nen van hda ciia dan tpc rat coi trpng tinh ddi ximg, hai hda Su ddi xQng hai hda ay the hien rat nhieu ITnh vuc Chang han, my thuat cd nhieu bQc tranh dep la d cac buc tranh ay ed su hai hoa ve ngudi va eanh, bd tri cae kien tmc, mau sae Ly do, ly luan, ty thuyet, vat ly, dia ly, tamly, lyljeh Ty le, ty trgng, ty khoi, ty so Cac ehu / va y hay ( va y cac ehu ly, ty tren eo su can ddi am duong hai hda qua true hoanh Trong eae tQ quy, quy (nhu quy dinh Trong kien tmc, xay di/ng ngudi ta ludn quy hoach, quy khach, quy men, yeu quy ) chii y tdi yeu td phong thiiy, am duong hai ngudi ta dung chu y de the hien nghTa dep eua hda Mpt ngdi chua phia sau cd nui, phia tmdc eo sdng hoac hd Ngdi nha xay can ddi theo true bac - nam hoac ddng - tay Nha bo tri cho cac yeu td anh sang, dp am, nhiet dp va su luu thdng khdng hai hda Ngudi song tQ Dung nhu vay giQa ehu q va chu y co su doi xirng vdi qua chQ u {hay qua tmc tung di qua giua ehu u) Trong tin ngudng dan gian, rua la mpt vat linh thieng tu linh: long, ly, quy, c^e ngdi nha dP se khde manh phupng Rua sd'ng lau, nam vQng chai tren Trong cac bai hjch, eao, eau ddi, van mat dat nen rua tupng trung cho su trudng tho xua rat chu y tdi su ddi xQng ciia y va tu tdn, ben vung Trong chu quy (rua) hai chu q So lupc vai net nhu vay de thay ydu va y hai ben ehu u tao hinh dang so luac 11 td hai hda van hda Viet rat quan trpng tua hinh cai ban chieu theo phuang ngang, Nhung ngudi dau tien xay dung bp chQ cai va ehu q joc ngQ Viet la nhung ngudi rat gidi Khi xay dirng ehu qudc ngu hp hieu sau sac van hPa Viet Bdi vay, bp chu cai tieng Viet cung mpt am III lai co hai chQ cai i/y bieu thi Chu cai y dQpc dung de vidt cac tu can chu y tdi su dd'i xung, hai hda de the hien y nghTa td't dep, nghiem tQc cua tQ, Chang the hien the vQng chai Co nhieu ngudi tiiy tien dung ehtf / thay the ehu y Tham ehi dien van khai mac hp da vidt cae eau nhu: Kinh thua qui khach!, Thua qui vi dai bieu!, Cac dng, ba qui men! Hp khdng ehu y la qui khae vdi quy ChQ q di vdi vin ill se dpc la [kuf], edn chQ q han, vdi cac tQ ehi ddng hp Ly, ly tri, ly thuyet, di vdi van iiy se dpc la [kwi^] Viet nhu ho neu ty le ngudi ta deu dung chu y dpc dung theo ky hieu phien am se la: Kinh Vidy Trieu Ly, Ly Qudc Su, Ly Thai To, Ly Thudng Kiet Ly Tu Trgng thua [cui] khach!, Thua [ciii] vi dai bieu!, Cae dng, ba [cui] men! Cau thua giri tU chd tran trpng bien khdng tran trpng GIAI OAP THAC MAC Ngudi viet can chu y nhung ehu cd van tren da ndi ve cac tieng Han - Viet: uy thi khdng dupc thay chQ y chQ; Neu //, (/'viet bing chQy la ly, ty Trong tidng Viet thay thi tu nhung ten ngudi, ten da't dep se edn cd cac tieng //, ti viet bang chQ / Od la ehuyen nhung cai ten khdng cdn dep cac ehQ: t!ml ti ti ti teg be ti, li nhi nua Vi du: An Huy Thuy, Thuy, Thuy, Thuy Cac chif ly ly, ty ben tren ed su hai se An Hui, Thiii, Thiii, Thui, Thui (tQ hda ve am duong, dd'i xung qua true hoanh mien Trung trd vao thui la thoij Cac chu t! m! ti ti, ti teo, be ti, ti nhi d ben Nam 1955 cd mpt ed ngudi Binh Djnh dudi ehl su be nhd, tiin miin nen cae chQ //, //, tap ket Bae dupe dieu ve Trudng DHSP Ha (/, t! khdng cd su doi xQng hai hoa giira chQ / Npi edng tac d nha an tap the Ten eiia cd la vdi /hoac chQ (vdi ehu/ Thui dupe td ehue Tmdng thay ehu / chu Tim hieu tieng Viet va ehu Viet chung y va ly Ijch can bp ten cd trd Thiiy ta thay cP nhieu dieu hay va ly thu Hien Sau 1975 cd dupc dieu ve edng tac d Trudng eP nhieu hpc sinh chQ xau, viet khdng can than DHSP Quy Nhon nen eae trudng cd phong trao Va saeh, ChQ y cdn dupc dung vdi eae trudng hpp tran trpng nhu: Ten quoc gia Vi du: Nude My, Thuy chd dep de nang cao chat lupng dao tao Do la phong trao tdt Cac van ban cua Oang va Nha nude (nhu Van kien Oai hpi Dang toan qudc, cac luat Quoe hpi ban hanh, eae van Sy Ten dia danh Vi du: My Lai, Son ban hanh chinh eiia ehinh quyen ), cac tap chi My, Phu My, Chuang My, My DQc, My Thuy va bao Idn (nhu Tap chi Cpng san, bao Nhan Ten nganh nghe Vi du: Nganh y, y Dan, bao Quan dpi Nhan dan, bao Oai doan td, y sy, dupe sy, ky thuat, ky xao, my thuat, ket ), eae ten dudng, ten phd (nhu Ly Thudng my hpe, my nghe, sy quan, ky su, hpa sy, Kiet, Ly Qud'c Su, Ly Tu Trpng ) vin viet chinh nhacsy, ea sy, hiepsy ta truyen thdng vdi y la each vidt ehuan Tu ehl cai dep VTdu: My le TQ ehl ngudi dep Vi du: My nhan, my nu, ky nQ 44 ... cac bieu tupng van hda dan gian da dupe cu den tQc cudi Thay Cdc, chat tru tinh the hda bang cac md tip tao hmh dan gian lae quan HUng dira Trong tranh HUng Tranh dan gian cung cap th thirc ve... Thdng qua tranh dan gian ngudi ta Trdng) Giao vien ed the khai thae theo edn biet den eae th thUc ve phuang thUe san nhieu hudng, su da dang tri thue mdi xuat va luu truyen: Tranh dan gian edn... dPng, tinh doan ket tap the Ngoai ra, tranh dan gian edn giao due cae th thUc ve giao tiep u''ng xir Tinh tha''m my sang tae eung la mpt bieu hien eua tranh dan gian cdn the hien rd d each giao due