HUOlNG DAN OUAN I?^ Sl>DUN# II ^ v >? DO DUNG DO CHOI, THIET Bj DAY HOC TRONG CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC MAM NON MOI ThS Phan Dong Phuang Viin Khoa hgc Gido due Viit Nam Ddi vdi giio dye mam eie thdng tin[.]
HUOlNG DAN OUAN I?^ Sl>DUN# ^ _ -v II >? DO DUNG DO CHOI, THIET Bj DAY HOC TRONG CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC MAM NON MOI ThS Phan Dong Phuang Viin Khoa hgc Gido due Viit Nam Ddi vdi giio dye mam non, thiet bi dgy hpe, dung dp ehdi (DD DC) ludn rat can thiet eho sfl phit trien cua tre Vdi die thu cua nginh hpc mam non, tre "choi mi hpc, hpc bang ehdi" tflng tinh hudng cu the, nhieu ehdi cdn dflde sfl dyng nhfl mpt logi dd dung dgy hpc vi ngflde lgi Vi d lfla tudi niy tre linh hpi eie kien thfle chu yeu thdng qua vui ehdi, qua giao tiep sinh hogt hing ngiy, die bift qua tiep xue vdi vit vi eie ddi tfldng xung quanh Ngoii ra, cic hinh thfle hpc tip cua tre mam non lgi rat Unh hogt vi da dgng nhfl hpe theo nhdm nhd, hogt ddng ci nhin hoac theo tip the ldp, hogt ddng cic gdc, hogt ddng ngoii trdi, Trong trfldng mam non, cac DD DC, thiet bi dinh cho hogt dpng cua tre chinh li ddi sdng cua chflng DD DC vi thiet bi dinh cho tre can cd mat hogt ddng thfldng xuyen cua tre, phu hdp vdi cic hinh thfle hogt dpng giio dye tre dip flng nhu cau efla chfldng trinh ddi mdi giao due mam non Dd dung chdi va vai trd cua DD, DC vdi tre Mam non Thdng qua nhflng quan nifm cd ban tren cd the hieu dung dgy hpe chfla dflng eie thdng tin hpe tgp vi thuc day qui trinh nhgn thfle, Unh hpi vi phit trien cua hpc sinh ndi chung vi cua tr^ mam non ndi rieng Thiet bi, dflng dgy hpe, die bift li ehdi ddi vdi tre em ehinh li ddi sdng cua ehung, li sich giio khoa eua tre mam non DD DC li nhflng phfldng tifn vit dung vi thiet bi het sfle can thiet ddi vdi vifc td chflc ddi sdng sinh hogt eho tre cic trfldng mam non Ddi vdi tr^ mam non vui ehdi li hogt ddng de chiem linh vi phit trien Trong ehdi tre hogt ddng het minh vi ehu ddng nhfl cude sdng thfle Chdi li dip tdt de tre phit hifn, tham dd the gidi xung quanh, kieh thich tinh td md, dc quan sit, nang phin doin, tri tfldng tfl(?ng Thdng qua hogt dpng trd ehdi cua tre se thfle sfl li eon dfldng giup tre hinh thinh vi phit trien nhin cich dim bao yeu eau: Cd sfl tieh cflc hogt dpng eua tre vi ed DD DC kich thich tre hogt dpng Nhfl viy, DD DC gifl mpt vai trd rat quan trpng, nd khdng nhflng dem lgi ngudn vui hing ngiy eho tre, mi edn li phflong tifn khdng the thieu eac hogt ddng vui chdi, hpc tip eua tre d trfldng mam non Nghia li, chdi vdn li thfl tre yeu thieh nhat, li nhu cau tfl nhien khdng the thieu ddi vdi cupc sdng hang ngiy cua tr^ Cd the ndi, dd ehdi li "ngfldi bgn than thiet", la "sich giio khoa" cua tr^, khdng cd dd ehdi, tr^ khdng ed phUdng tifn vi mdi trUdng de hogt dpng, de phit trien Dd ehdi khdng chi li niem vui, li kho biu, niem ao fldc, tfl hio eua mpi dfla tre mi ehinh qua trinh ehdi vdi dd ehdi tre em ed the trii nghifm nhflng kinh nghifm eua minh, biy td suy nghi vi tinh eim cua minh vdi xung quanh Lue niy ehdi ddi vdi tre nhfl li bgn, nhfl li ddi tfldng giup tre lim quen vdi the gidi, hpc cich flng xfl, ddn nhin vi xfl ly thdng tin Nhieu nghien cflu da chflng minh rang tat ei mpi sfl phit trien deu dflgfc tang cfldng thdng qua hinh vi chdi dua eua tre, tfl nhflng thing dau ddi eho tdi tre da di hpc Vi dd, mdi mdn dd chdi, mdi trd chdi lgi ed nhflng tic dpng khic Sau mdi lan tiep xue vdi dd ehdi vi trd ehdi, sfl dyng cic DD DC, tre se trd nen khep leo hdn, xuat hifn nhflng hinh ddng ehdi mdi me hdn, nhflng nhu cau Uen ket tap hdp ban be de tgo nhieu tinh hudng chdi vi chia se kinh nghifm vdi Nhdn bdi ngdy 1/2/2012 TAP CHi imtr BI GIAO DUC sfi 78 - 2/2012 • 19 II HI/ONG DAN QUAN it SI) DUNG a Giup tre phdt trien ndng lUc nhdn thiic Khi tiep xue vdi DD DC tre linh hpi nhflng hieu biet ve the gidi xung quanh qua lim quen vdi cac dge diem be ngoai eua vit (cau tao, hinh dang, kich thflde, miu sac ), dan dan tr^ tiep xue vdi nhflng chi tiet nhfl be mgt nhan hay rip/xu xi; chat lifu cflng hay mem, cdng dyng, ieh lpi eua ehung; tre ed the phat hifn nhflng dac diem ben ciia vgt (cic bp phan, chat Ufu ) Tfl nhflng hieu biet ban dau ve sfl vgt, hifn tfldng tr^ cd the ly giai dfldc nhieu dieu khic nhau, tr^ ed the rut nhflng kinh nghifm rieng cho minh Chang hgn, chdi vdi mpt bp khdi hinh, tre se tfl rflt cho minh nhflng nhin xet quan trpng nhfl: khdi trdn lan dfldc cdn khdi vudng thi khdng Khi chdi vdi eie DD DC tre hinh thinh mpt so ki nang: lfla chpn cic ehi tiet, hinh dpng be, cam nim, gap xep, trinh biy Chinh thdng qua DD DC tre phit trien cic giac quan, biet sfl dyng cic giic quan qui trinh tim hieu sfl vgt, hifn tfldng Qui trinh tiep xflc vdi DD DC tre cd nhieu cd hpi sfl dyng thinh thgo cic ki nang thao tic vdi dd vgt, chai, hpc eich sang tgo ehung Hoat dpng vdi DD DC cic thao tic tfl nhfl quan sat, so sanh, phan nhdm, phin tich, tdng hg'p, khii quit hda d mdi dfla tre ciing dan dflgfc hinh thinh Nhfliig thao tic niy phit trien theo hfldng Unh hoat qui trinh Ire tiep xflc vdi eac DD DC khic nhau, se tgo cho tr^ thdi quen tim tdi sing tgo, vgn dyng hpe tgp say niy Nhfl vgy, DD DC ddng vai trd rat quan trpng vifc phat trien nang lfle tri tuf eua tre, ehuan bj cho eudc sdng sau niy b Khdi gdi khd ndng sdng tgo Ben cgnh vifc phit trien ky nang nhgn thfle cho tri, DD DC cdn tgo nen nhflng thfl thach tri tuf Khi tham gia vio cac tinh hudng chdi ddi hdi tre phii lam quen vdi nhflng suy nghi da dgng, de xuat nhflng ciu hdi vi tri ldi phu hdp vdi tinh hudng vi ddi tflgfng, trd can cd nhflng hogt dpng sing tgo vi phong phu hdn Vi dy tay tre ed mpt khdi gd ddn giin cung ed the dem lgi eho tre mpt hogt dpng hap dan giup trd phit trien tfl duy, nang phdi hgfp tay-mat, nang sing tgo cung nhieu dieu khic nfla c Tgo cd hgi kich thich phdt trien ngdn ngd d tri Mdi sfl vgt hifn tfldng, DD DC thfldng gin vdi mpt tfl, cym tfl nhat djnh nhim bieu dgt mpt y nghla nio dd Vifc tiep xue vdi cic DD DC giflp tre linh hpi mpt sd tfl vflng ed Uen quan, ten gpi cua chung, md rpng nhgn thfle vi nhflng hieu biet ve ngdn ngfl bieu dgt sfl vgt hifn tflgfng xung quanh Trong chdi, tre khdng chi sfl dyng DD DC de tfl ndi vdi dd chdi cua minh nhfl mpt bgn chdi, mi tre cdn trd chuyfn, trao ddi vdi bgn cflng 20 • TAP CHi THI^BIGlAO Dgc-sd 78-2/2012 chdi, bgn ben cgnh, giao tiep bing"ldi Tre khdng chi gpi ten dd vgt, hinh dpng vdi vgt mi edn tfl trii nghifm nhflng eim xue, tinh cim eua minh d Giup tre phdt trien van dgng Ddi vdi cic logi DD DC ddi hdi trd vgn dpng, leo treo vi chgy nhiy ngoii trdi nhU eau trfldt, du quay, bdng, vdng, ggy, dd ehdi xiy dflng, lap ghep , qui trinh chdi niy tre dfldc van dyng cd bap vi cic hogt dpng kheo leo cua minh, tre cd nhieu cd hpi tfl trii nghifm nhflng xue eim, nhu cau hogt dpng cua ci nhin, cic DD DC ngoii trdi giflp trd phat trien cac cO ldn, dieu hda nhip tim vi cic td chat van dpng nhfl: nhanh, mgnh, kheo leo, giiip cho tre khde mgnh, cd the thich nghi vdi cic dieu kifn sdng Chdi vdi cac dd chdi lap ghep, chdi gia dinh, dat nan, keo giflp trd ein bing sfl phat trien nhgn thfle \a vgn dpng Trong tiep xue vdi DD DC ay, trd trd nen ham thich vi kien tri, nang vgn dpng tinh cung cic cd nhd cua ddi tay, sfl tinh mit cung dflgJc ren luyfn hdn Hogt dpng vdi cic dd chdi cic gdc chdi trd dan hfldng tdi vfla tii tgo nhflng kinh nghifm mi trd di thay eudc sdng ximg quanh, vfla tgo nen nhflng cich chdi mdi sfl dung DD DC Vifc sang tgo nen nhflng md hinh, kieu ding khac thdng qua dung chdi cd tay, trd thfle chat li da dfldc lim quen dan vdi each chdi cd sing kien rieng tfl HUONG DAN OUAN dd hmh thinh nhflng thdi quen sing tgo cic trd chdi, hflng thfl khdng ngflng vui ehdi Dieu niy chinh li sfl ldn len eua trd, li hifu qui cua DD DC ddi vdi sfl phit trien eua trd cic trfldng mam non e Giup tre phdt trien tinh cdm dgo dUc, ky ndng giao tie'p xd hgi DD DC ed y nghia quan trpng dpi vdi tflng lfla tudi eua trd nhim phit huy tinh hifu qui eao qui trinh trd ehdi de phit trien Vifc cung cap dflng logi DD DC eho trd tlieo lfla tudi se giflp eho trd phit trien ei nhflng ky nang cflng lan mem, nhflng hgt gidng dau tien quan trpng nhat ddi vdi sfl phit trien tinh than cua trd Dd li nhflng ky nang dien dgt bang ngdn ngfl, biy td cim xflc, ky nang hpgt ddng nhdm, chia se trich nhifm, chia sd y tfldng vdi mpi ngfldi, sfl thfldng Ifldng vi cdng tic Khi hogt ddng vdi ehdi, trd se dfldc giao tiep vdi cic bgn choi ben cgnh, eie bgn ciang nhdm, cung ldp Trong hogt ddng nay, trd khdng chi don thuan chdi vdi dd ehdi de the hifn vi phin inh nhflng an tfldng, nhflng bieu tfldng, nhflng kinh nghifm cua chung tfl the gidi xung quanh, m i trd cdn bieu Id rat rd thii dp, tinh cam cua chflng ddi vdi cic DD DC m i trd dflgfc sfl dung Vi du: ddi vdi chdi li hup be tre be im, hdn hit, ning niu, eho an, tim rfla cung nhfl the hifn cic hinh vi flng xfl vdi eie ban cung chdi nhfl nhfldng nhjn bgn, khdng tranh giinh choi, Hogt dpng vdi DD DC giup trd tiep xue vdi cic dieu kifn vi cic chuan mfle tham my dgo dflc xi hpi, dvic^c trii nghifm cac xflc cim, tinh eim trpng giao tiep, hpc hdi, hieu biet, ren luyfn ve cic ky nang giao tiep vi danh gii cic hinh vi van hoa xa hpi thdng qua hogt dpng niy Djnh hfldng nghifn cflu, trang bi dd dung d6 chdi phu hg'p vdi chfldng trinh Giio dye mam non Vdi vai trd cua DD DC ddi vdi trd mam non d i neu tren, vifc nghien cflu vi trang bi DD DC eho trd can dflde quan tim nham dip flng vdi Chfldng trinh giio due mam non Dd li: - Dd ehdi vi hoe Ueu phai dim bio tang cfldng thfle hinh, trii nghifm, kieh thich tinh tieh cflc, ehu ddng vi sing tgo cua trd hogt dpng Do ehdi v i hpe lifu phye vu cho cic linh vflc giio due chfldng trinh, dim bio sfl phit trien toin difn cua trd: the chat, nhin thfle, ngdn ngfl, tinh eim, ki nang xa hdi va tham mi - Dd choi vi hpc Ufu phye vu chp vifc td chflc thfle hifn cic npi dung, cic ehu de giio due chfldng trinh Dd ehdi vi hpe lifu phii da dgng ve chflng logi, cd the sfl dyng cic trd ehdi v i cic hogt ddng khic nhau, vfla thda man nhu eau hogt ddng e i nhin, vfla ldi cudn trd tham gia vio cic trd chdi vi hoat ddng theo nhdm LlsCr DUNG II Dd ehdi vi hpc Ufu vfla phu hdp vdi truyen thdng van hpi din tpc, vfla tiep cgn vdi thinh tflu khoa hpc ki thuat hifn dgi Dd chdi sfl dyng nhi vi dd chdi ngoai trdi Tang cfldng dd chdi vi hpc lifu tfl lim bang nguyen vat Ufu san cd, de tim d dia phfldng Tdm lgi, ddi vdi trd mam non, DD DC, hpe Ufu vfla li ngudn tri thfle, vfla li phfldng tifn chuyen tii thdng tin Vi viy, cung vdi viee ddi mdi npi dung, phfldng phip chim sde giao dye trd thi vifc dip flng mpt eich ddng bd thiet bi, DD DC dfldc coi la mdt nhflng yeu td quyet dinh sfl thinh cdng eua chfldng trinh vi chat Ifldng cham sde giao due trd Ddi mdi phfldng phip cham sde giio dye trd can ket hop ddng thdi vdi vifc tang cfldng vi ning eao chat Ifldng DD DC, thiet bi dgy hpc de phit huy tinh nang ddng, sing tgo, linh hogt eua trd vi efla giio vien Tii lifu tham khio Bp Giao dye vi Dao tao, Chfldng trinh Giio dye mam non, NXB Giio due, 2010; Vifn Khoa hpc Giio due Vift Nam, PhUdng tifn day hpc mdt sd van de ly luin vi thfle tien, NXB Giao due 2011 Trung tim giio due mam non, Suy nghi ve thiet bi, ehdi ddi mdi npi dung, phUdng phap giio dye mam non, Ki yeu Hpi tim ly giio due nam non, 12/2003; TAP CHi THIFF BI GIAO DUC - SO 78 - 2/2012 • 11 ... Giio dye mam non Vdi vai trd cua DD DC ddi vdi trd mam non d i neu tren, vifc nghien cflu vi trang bi DD DC eho trd can dflde quan tim nham dip flng vdi Chfldng trinh giio due mam non Dd li: -... trinh Giio dye mam non, NXB Giio due, 2010; Vifn Khoa hpc Giio due Vift Nam, PhUdng tifn day hpc mdt sd van de ly luin vi thfle tien, NXB Giao due 2011 Trung tim giio due mam non, Suy nghi ve thiet... mam non, Suy nghi ve thiet bi, ehdi ddi mdi npi dung, phUdng phap giio dye mam non, Ki yeu Hpi tim ly giio due nam non, 12/2003; TAP CHi THIFF BI GIAO DUC - SO 78 - 2/2012 • 11