t KliN TRAO B 6 | BANTIiffllV^C/ICBIhnillPNiiJyMNliiyG^^^ CAC BN M HQC IRONG (iHinnilG ItiNH la/IO DUC (a^^^ O leCHicONG" 1 Theo chuong klnh gido dye phd thdng (GDPT), phdn hgc ddu tidn cOa mdn hgc Gi[.]
t KliN - TRAO B | BANTIiffllV^C/ICBIhnillPNiiJyMNliiyG^^^ CAC BN M HQC IRONG (iHinnilG ItiNH la/IO DUC (a^^^ O leCHicONG" Theo chuong klnh gido dye phd thdng (GDPT), phdn hgc ddu tidn cOa mdn hgc Gido difc cdng ddn (GDCD) trung hgc phd thdng (THPTl td ede bdi Triithgc DO phdn bo chuong trinh cd nhChig bdt Igl nhdt djnh cho cd thdy vd trd qud hrinh thyc hl|n, song, phdn hgc ndy cd vai h^ hinh thdnh t h i gldl quan vd phuong phdp ludn khoo hgc cho hgc sinh (HS) ndn sy bd trf oS hodn todn cd ca sd khoo hgc Mdt khdc, kiln thuc cOa trilt hgc Id nhOng n$i dung h ^ tugng, cd Hnh tdng hgp, klidi qudt coo , dd ehdt lugng cua qud trinh dgy ngc phy thu$c rdt Idn vdo khd ndng Hip nh$n vd xi> If h-l thOc cua ngudi thdy N l u gido vidn (GV) bilt «mlm hda" kiln thuc, linh hogt dgy hgc, gdn tri thOc vdi thyc tit cu$c sdng HS sS d l ddng bilt, hllu vd vgn dyng hi thuc Ngugc Igi, nlu thdy gido cung nhdc, truyln dqt theo sdch vd, hgn c h l tfnh thyc t l qud h'lnh hgc t$p cOo HS se bj XO cung, khd khdn, thy d$ng, th$m chf Id khdng c6 hi$u qud VI vdy, vi|c bdm chudn kiln thuc vd kr ndng cOng vdl sy v$n dyng llnh hogt, h'nh thyc t l vdo bdl gidng cOa G V ^ vol h-d rdt quon h-gng Bdi vllt tdng kit nhijng Idnh nghl|m thyc Hin eOo tdc gid qud trlnn dgy hgc mdn GDCD JO Khi gidng dgy bdl 1: *Thigidl quan vdt vd phuong phdp ludn bi$n chdng', SGK khdng dtnh: «Thigldi quon Id todn hi ede quan d i l m , nilm Hn djnh hudng hogt d$ng ci3a ngudi h'ong cu$c s^ng N l u t h i gidi quon khoo hgc, tlln hi thi hogt ddng cOa ngudi se sdng sudt, dung ddn Nguge Igl, n l u t h i gidri quan Igc hdu, phdn khoo hgc thi hogt d$ng cOo eon ngudi se mO qudng u md' Oi Idm rd vdn d l ndy chOng to c6 the dua ro Hnh hudng: Tgi soo ngdy i^oy y hgc phdt trlln, cd nhllu cdn bdnh non y cd t h i ci>u chCta dugc, nhung nhilu gla dlnh vfin khdng dua ngudi thdn bj dm dau d i n cdc b|nh vidn d l duge thdy thudc chcto trj md mdl thdy mo cOng tl? Ttieo cdc em, If tgl soo? Thudng thi cdcn chffa hi dd duo Igi kit qud nhu t h i ndo? Gidi quylt dugc cdc vdn d l trdn, HS sS nh$n thuc dugc nguydn nhdn ehung eOa Hnh hudng dd Id t h i gldl quon bj Igc hdu Khi t h i gldl quan Igc h$u, phdn Idioc hgc thi hdnh d$ng ciSo eon ngudi sd thilu sdng sudt, dd, t h i gldl quon ddc bl|t c6 y nghto ddl vdl eudc sdng ngudi Tuong t\f, gidng bdl sd 3: «Sy vdn ding vd phdt Irl^cOa Ihi gldl vdl chdi^,HScJhil phdn bl|t dugc: glOa v$n d$ng vd phdt hiln ld>6c nhu t h i ndo? Tbyc t^, c6 rdt nhilu HS khdng djnh v$n d$ng vd phdt Iriln Id mdt, chua Hm dugc nhOng d i ^ khdc glOa didng Cy thi: nlu vdn d$ng Id qud trinh blln hda ndl chung, cd sy hfin d$n thi phdt h i l n Igi Id qud hrinh vdn d$ng c6 ^ n h hudng, theo chllu hudng Hin bd, dl ldn, c6i mdi ddl thay t h i cdl cO Di HS ndm ro vdn d l ndy chung ta cd t h i d^jit cdc Hnh hudng sou: 1) Hlin tgl, em t h ^ s)>e khde cOo bdn thdn em nhu t h i ndo? (tdt hm xdu); 2) C6 ndo em t h ^ Hnh trgng sue khde cua minh c6 gidm sOt khdng? N l u cd phdl tdm gl?; 3) Xet todn cgc thi sik Idide cOa em ludn d hong trgng thdi ndo? Tdng hgp kit qud thdo ludn chung to s§ thdy: Hnh h-gng sue khde cOa mfil ngudi cd luc y l u , l6e khde, n l u cd dm dou thi phdl dilu hi d l khdl phyc Igl Id vf dy cho sy vdn dgng Cdn xdt loan eye bdn thdn tudn Hnh hting khde mgnh ho^c binh thudng dd chfnh Id «sy phdt h-iln" Di cd sue khde td't, cd nhdn phdl khdng ngi>ng r^n luydn Do dd, bllt giu gin d l c6 si}c Idide eOng Id nghTa vy quan trgng cua HS 'TnittnTIIPTNeijiiCWThaife-iiiyMQi^Kfiiii-'nrianiCiM Tap chi filao Hue $6 (la a • 4/afTg) Bdi hgc sd' 5: «Cdc/i thi/c vdn ding vd phdt fr/en ciJa sy vdt vd hlin tugng' Tgl myc Quon h& giihj sy biin dd'i v l lugng vd sif biin Sii vi chit, thudng thi G V hay duo vi dy si> dvng kiln thuc vdt If v l dllu kl|n d l nude tdn Igi d h-gng thdi rdn (dudl 0 0°C d i n ilOOdn c6 co sd vl cdc em quan sdt duge h> thyc l l Do dd, GV ndn chuyin h> cdch ggi nude d trgng thdi ri^n - Idng - hoi song h-gng thdi Ignh - ngu^l sdl Id sdt thye nhd't vl d l ggl Id nude sdl, dO d l trd vd Idm chfn thuc dn thi phdl dugc dun ndng h> l O O C hd' ldn; nlu h-i nhi|t d$ sdi aud Idu nude se boy hoi hodn todn Tuong h^, dl ggi Id nude Ignh thi phdi d mdi trudng dudl 0°C, nlu tri Idu nude sd ehuyin h> hi?ng vthdi Idng quo trgng thdi rdn Cudi cOng d l ggi Id nude ngu^i thi phdl ndm mi>c nhl|t trdn (yc din dudl 100°C Vdi bdi hgc sd 6, mye - «Klf»^/i hudng p/idt fr;lln CiJa su vgt vd hlin tugng" Sy thgt, khdng khd d l HS phdt hl#n dugc ddu Id «cdl eO', ddu Id «edi mdi" cOng vdi md'i quon h | glCro chung Tuy v$y, sy nhdm Ion glua «cdl \g' vdl vdo ede kit qud ndo? Tgi soo luc ndy mdi co kit ludn chfnh thi}c?; - lJ|u l^dc sT cd thi thye hi|n budc md khdng quo budc vd nguge Igi dugc khdng? Tgl soo?; - Tliyc chdt, bude 1, budc Id bllu hl|n gl h-ong qud h-inh nh$n thO'c? Xl} If dugc cdc ydu cdu h^dn, HS sd hieu dugc nhdn thi>c edm tfnh If tfnh Id nhu t h i ndo GiOa ehung cd quon h^ hffu co, bd' sung, khdng tdeh rdl Cdc h-i th(>c h-llt hgc hodn todn khdng xo Ig vdl cudc sdng nhung Igl rdt hi>u tugng, mo hd vdi ngudi hgc Chinh vl v§y, gld hgc cd hi>ng tho, ^ t hidu qud coo, HS cd bilt, hilu vd vdn dyng duge h-l ihOc vdo c u ^ sdng hoy khdng phy thudc rdt km vdo cung cdch llnh hogt, sdng tgo cOa ngudi thdy Sdng tgo khdng ed nghTo Id ldm mdt bdn chit, d$c cOa mdn hgc Sdng tgo nhung cfin phdl ed ehdt Igc, lyo chgn Thyc t l cho t h ^ , cdng ed nhllu vf dy sdt thye, bdl hgc cdng h^d ndn sinh d$ng, glup HS d l nhd, d l hllu, tu dd gdp phdn hlnh thdnh t h i gldl quon, nhdn sinh quon d6ng dfin, Idnh mgnh nhu mye tidu dd (Xem tlip trang 51) chl dodn khoa DL td chOe cdc CLB vdl nhffng chO d l dqt dupe hidu qud coo hon nffa, vd'n d l GDMT d^ khdc nhou cd lldn quan d i n vd'n d l MT Cy t h i b l l n , ddo cho hpe sinh, SV cdn dupe td' chuc Id: - CLB «V1 mpt hdnh Hnh xanh' ( 1 / 0 ) ; - rdng khdp cdc trudng DH, CD vd h§ thdng CLB