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JOURNAL OF SClDNCi''''; OF HNIJF iMlnciitiouiil Sci 2011, \i)l r,(i, No b pp 131 139 QUAN LY T U H O C CUA GIAO VIEN QUA CONG TAG BOI D U O N G , C H U A N HOA D O I N ( ; U G I A O V I E N P H 6 T H O N[.]
JOURNAL OF SClDNCi'; OF HNIJF iMlnciitiouiil Sci 2011, \i)l r,(i, No b pp 131-139 QUAN LY T U H O C CUA GIAO VIEN QUA CONG TAG BOI D U O N G , C H U A N HOA DOI N(;U GIAO VIEN P H T H O N G d KIEN G I A N G Ninh Thanh Vini Sd Cid.o due va Dao tao Kien Giang Ivniiiil: viennt oki(.iif)^iang.e(lu.vn Tom t i t 'lYoug Ciic chuin iigli(> iighi(;'i) ( liii giao vii'ii i)ho tlioiii; nang lire ti.r hpc ciia giiio vien dupc xem l;i nang lire phat tii(''ii nghf' i\g\\\('\) Day la nang lUc rai ciiu cho nidi giao vi(''ii Qiiii thi.rc t i('n (ong tiic d;(o tiio clnuiu hda dpi ngii giiio vi("'ii plu") tliong theo hinh tluic d;io tiio iii xa \ii cong tac hca du5ng giiio vien theo (hu ky d tinh Kien Giang, t;'ic gia clio lang vi(;'c t u hpc (ua giao vien cd y nghia rat quan trpng doi vdi qua trinh nang cao chat lupng giao due Viec tu hpc ciia giao vien khong chi la iriuh nhiem, nghia vu ma cdn la ddi hdi ciia nghl day hpc Do dd eln phai cd cac bien phap de quan ly, phat huy tinh thin tU hpc ciia giao vien phai bdi dU(3ng kha nang tu hpc ciia giao vien tCr trUdng sU pham Dat van de Tir nam hpc 2007 2008 nganh giao due trii'u khai cuOc van (hing "Mdi thiy giao, cd giao la mdt tam gUPng dcio diic, tu hpc va s;uig tiio" va ban hanh chuan nghl nghiep cua giiio \'ien cac d p hpc Da}- la nhfrng \'eu d u eP biin ve plmm chit, nang liic ciia ngudi giao \'ieii, la iiii.u' lieu de giiio \i(~'ii phan diiu ren luyen nhim gdp p h i n nang cao chat lupng giao diic Chuan nghl nghiep giao vien da xac dinh nhdm nang luc ciiii giao vien la: nang lUe tim hieu ddi tupng va mdi trudng giao due: nang lire diiy hpc; nang lire giao due: nang lUc hoat ddng chinh tri xa hpi; nang luc phiit triln nghl nghii^'i) Trong dd, tu hpc dupc xem la nang lire phat triln nghl ughiej) dd nghi("'ii eiiu xan d l ti.r hoe ciiii giao vien vira cd v nghia ly luan va thiic tien Irong ddi mdi qiuin ly giiio cli.ic 2.1 N o i d u n g n g h i e n cu'u Tu" hoc va vai tro tu" hoc d6i vdi n g h l day hoc Budc vao the ki XXI, hpc tap thirdng xuyen, hpc t a p sudt ddi, xa hpi hpc tap la dac dilm ndi bat nen kinh t l tri thiic Hpc t a p bao gid ciing n h i m thUc hien muc tieu kep, dd la "tao lap mpt cP sd tri thiic, van hda" Aa dao tao chuyen mdn nghl nghiep, vi vay hpc t a p vffa la nhu d u , vffa la qu}'ln Ipi cua ngudi hpc 134 Quan li tu hgc cua gido vien qua cdng tdc boi dudng, chudn hda ddi ngii Xa hpi hpc tap yen d u ngudi hpc phat huy vai t rd chii thi va lay tu hpc la phUPng thiic chu ylu dl hpc tap sudt ddi iiUdc ta, tir nhfrng nam 90 cua thi ki XX, cimg vdi viec diy manh iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin, hinh thiie giao due tff xa (GDTX) tirng budc phat triln d nhilu co sd dao tao d.u hpc Nhieu de tai khoa hpc, bai bao dk cap din vlu dl GDTX va tu hpc Luat Giiio due nam 2005 xac dinh, giao due thudng xu}'eii nam he thdng giiio due qudc dan Quan niem tu hpc dupc nhilu tac giii dua dinh nghia khac nhau, song diu thdng nhit cho ring ti.r hpc la phat lui}' ndi lire ciia ngudi hpc, ea dao tiio chfnh quy va khdng chfnh (piy, tu hpc la "Hpc ma khdng cd tliAy hoac cd thiy nhung khdng giap mat thiy phlu Idn thdi gian hpc" (Nguyen Canh Toan); "tU hpc la hoat ddng chilm linh kiln thiic, kf- nang kinh nghi(un lich sfr xa hdi loai ngudi ndi chung \'a cua chfnh ban than ngudi hoc" (Thai Du}' Tuyen); "nhan to quan trpng nhit quylt dinh kit qua ciia qua trinh dao tcio la cdng tii hpc cua ngUdi hpc trd Tu hpc d da}' chi la cac phlu tich cue chu ddng, quylt doan cua ngudi hpc" (Cao Xuan Hao) Tu hpc la "tu minh hoat ddng iTnh hdi tri thiic khoa hpc va ren luyen k.v nang thuc hanh khdng cd hudng din true tilp ciia giao vien" [6] Tii hpc khac vdi hpc tap d nha \i tu hpc la dua tren sU tu ngu.v(?n cua ngudi hpc cdn hpc tap d nha la hinh tlnic hd trp cho hpc tap tren ldp Bac Hd ndi: "hpc d trudng, hpc d sach vd hpc lin va hpc nhan dan", day la quan dilm khai quat nhit vl hinh thiic hpc tap Quan dilm day hpc hien dai la: biln qua trinh day hpc qua trinh tii hpc va giao vien la nhfmg ngudi hpc tap suot ddi Doi vdi ngudi giao vien, tU hpc khdng chi nhim chuin hda, nang chuin dao tao ma cdn la dac dilm lao ddng su pham, la mpt nhung }"lu to cP ban cua nghl day hpc Sii lac hau nhanh chdng cua kiln thiic so vdi su phat triln ciia tri thufc khoa hpc ddi hdi ngudi giao vien phai thudng xuyen cap nhat Giao vien la ngudi sd hiiu tri thiic va truyin lai cho hpc sinh qua day hpc, nhung "tri thiic dupc cho la bit ddng nhung nd la cai ludn thay ddi va khdng ngfrng phat triln: nhiing dilu dupc bilt hdm khdng bao gid giong dilu se dupc bilt mai" [5] Yeu d u tii hpc cua giao vien cudc van ddng mdi thiy giao, cd giao giao la mdt tim gUPng dao diic, tu hpc va sang tao la: tham gia hoiit dpng dao tao, bdi dudng dl nang cao trinh dp ly luan chfnh tri va kiln thiic, chuyen mon, nghiep vu: cd minh chiing vl tich hpc tap boi dudng Hinh thiic tii hpc cua giao vien tii}- theo muc dich, ddng cP hpc tap, nhung thudng cd hai hinh thiic chu }'lu: Tu hpc dl liy van bing, cniing chi gom: tu hpc qua cdng tac boi dudng thudng xuyen (BDTX) va tu hpc dk chuin hda va nang chuin dao tao Tu hpc khdng liy van bing, chiing chi: cap nhat kiln thiic theo yen d u ca nhan Bai vilt chii ylu dl cap din viec tu hpc thdng qua cdng tac boi dudng, chuan hda giao vien phd thdng 2.2 Mpt vai net v i cong tac boi dtfdng, chuan hoa giao vien t h o n g d K i e n Giang a Kien Giang la tinh thudc vimg DBSCL vdn cdn nhilu khd khan vl giao 135 Ninh Thanh Vi(';n due mat bang dan trf t h i p Tiude nam 2000, tinh trang thieu giiio vi(ui keo dai, trinh (hi nang lUc ciui giiio vii'-n cdn hi.iii che, chuii Ihiic sii gin bd vdi nghl nghiep la mpt nhfrng nguyen nhan ciiii nhiing yen kem Diic diem ciia dpi ngii giao \i("'ii giai doiui miy hi: - Sd lupng giiio vi(''ii khong diip iing d\Uie yC'U elu phiit triln quy md hpc sinh \ii phd cap giao di.ie iiinli giao \'i(''n dat ehiiiin dao tiio thap Giiio vien dupe dao tiio bang nhilu hinh thiic (e(')ng doan, 12+1 ) (i) Ciin giiio vien thilu dong \n) giiia ciic truoiig giiia cae bp mdn 1)1 khiic phuc linh tning tr('n cong liic dao tiio, bdi dudiig giao vif'ii dupc diy iiumh bang nhilu hinh tlnic linh hoat vdi iin.ie ti('"n phat triln nhanh SP lUdng va cluiiin hdii giao vien i i i nam hoe l')92-1993, Sd Giiio due va Dao U o phoi hpp vdi trudng DHSP Ibi ,Noi td chiie ciie khdii hoc theo hmh thiic dao tao lir xa tiii chirc (vira liiin viiii hpc) cho giiio vi(Mi Mam non (.MX), Tilu hpc (TH), Trung hpc cP sd (THCS) Din nam 2010 (hi td chiic dao tao dUde 88 \d\) vdi tren 1.500 lupt giao vien tham gia hpc tap (trong dd MX 952, VU 8G17 T H ( ' S 1GS7) Tir dd da cP ban khic phuc tinh trang thieu giao vi(''ii va cliuriu hda dpi ngii giao vi(''n ciic cap hpc Hinh thiic GDTX tao thuan Ipi cho giao vi("'n vira lam vira hpc, khdng anh hudng din kl hoach giang day va hoiit dpng chung ciia nha trudng: ddng thdi tilt kiem thdi gian, chi phf dap tap; giao vi("m cd t h i thi.rc nghiem kiln thufc hpc tap vap giang dav Bdng d p hoc THCS Tilu hoc Sd liidng vd chat liidng ddi ngu, gido vien tinh Kien Giang tinh den 2011 N a m hoc 1998-1999 N a m hoc 2005-2006 N a m hoc 2010-2011 Tong % dat Tren Tong % dat Tren Tong % dat Tren chuan chuan s6 chuan chuan s6 chuan chuin s6 5.197 96,20 54.2U 5.387 61,88 96.83 2.573 77,46 7.320 61.23 7.637 99.29 76.25 8.010 99,50 79.40 Xam hpc 2010 - 2011, tinh Kic'ui Giang cd 1C.794 giao vien, dd 64,8/^ cd trinh dp dai hpc; 20.4% cd Irinh dd ciio d i n g : 13.29i giao vien cd trinh dp trung d p Rd rang qua \'i(~'c tao dilu kiiMi cho giao \'i(~'n hpc taj) nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn da gdp phlu chuin hda \'a nang ( h u i n dpi ngii giao vien theo yen d u ddi mdi va phat triln giao due d dia pliUPng Thuc hien cdng tac BDIW theo chu ky hang nam tinh xa}- diing kl hpach va td chiic cac ldp bdi dudng theo hiidng d i n ciia Bd Giao due va Dao tao vdi kit qua cd 90% giao vien Tilu hpc, 92% giao vic^ii THCS, 97% giao vien T H P T dupc cdng nhan hoan chUdng trinh BDTX dat Idiii trung binh trd len \'di phudng phap bdi dudng tfch cue, va viee tU hpc ciia hpc vien, cimg vdi su hudng d i n thep phuPng phap gdi md cua dpi ngii giap vien hudng d i n (cot can) da giiip cho ngUdi hpc n i m dupc npi dung bdi dudng va van dung vao thuc t i l n cdng tac cua minh Dua tren hd sd boi dudng cua giao vien gdm sd ghi chep, npi dung t r a ldi ciia giao 136 Quan li tu hgc cua gido vien qua cdng tdc boi dudng, chudn hda ddi ngii vign v(5i nhiing vin dl dupc dat ra, bai tap phat triln k.v nang tu duy, van dung vao thuc t l giang diay giao vien tu danh gia kit qua bdi dudng ciiii minh, sau dd danh gia qua td bd mdn va danh gia ciia hieu trudng Diiy la phuPiig phap danh gia theo hudng mdi nhim khoi gpi tinh tfch cue ciia ngudi dupe bdi dudng va tang cudng sir quan tam cua hieu trudng doi vdi ('(ing tac BDTX cho giao vien Tff nam 2002 - 2003 npi dung BDTX dupe long giuip npi dung ddi mdi chUPng trinh giap due phd thdng theo Xghi (iii}'lt 4()/2000/QH10 cua Qu(jc hdi Ddi mdi chuong trinh giao due phd thdng la mdt chii trir(Jng Idn ciia Dang va nha nude ta nhim naiig cao ciiat lupng giao due toan dien, til]) can trinh dp giao due khu vi.rc va thi gidi Cong tac bdi dudng giao x-ic^'ii dupc tien hanh lien tuc nam hpc va he bing nhilu hinh thiic vdi thdi gian danh cho vh^^c tii nghien ciru va thuc hanh ciia giao vien Qua dd, tren 80% giao vien da dap iing dupc yen d u vl ddi mdi chupng trinh, sach giao khoa phuong phai)