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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2011, Vol 56, No 4, pp 117 125 T H U C TRANG KY NANG PHAT TRIEN C H U d N G TRINH GIAO DUG CA N H A N TRE KHUYET TAT CUA GIAO VIEN MAM NON Nguygn Thi Thanh H[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci 2011, Vol 56, No 4, pp 117-125 T R A N G KY N A N G PHAT TRIEN C H U d N G TRINH GIAO DUG CA N H A N T R E K H U Y E T TAT CUA GIAO VIEN M A M N O N THUC Nguygn Thi Thanh Huyen Trudng Cao ddng Su pham Tru7ig Uang Tom tat Bai viet cung cap nhfrng thong tin quan trpng vl ky nSng phat triln chuPng trinh giao due ca nhan cho tre khuylt tat ciing phan tich nhiing vai tro quan trpng cfia cac ky nang phat triln chUPng trinh giao due ca nhan vdi viec day hpc tre khuylt tat cua giao vien noi chung ciing nhu giao vien mam non ndi rieng Bai vilt ciing cung d p nhiing so lieu thuc te tff viec khao sat 300 giao vien mam non day tre khuylt tat hoa nhap Tir kit qua khao sat, tac gia ciing chi nhiing nhiem vu cin thilt cho cac co s6 dao tao giao vien giao due dac biet nhim nang cao chit lupng dao tao giao vien tai cac cP sd ndi chung ciing nhu nhan manh den ky nang phat trien chupng trinh giao due ca nhan cho tre khuylt tat nhu la mot yeu ciu tat yeu xuit phat tff thuc tign Dat van de Tre khuylt tat (TKT) la nhiing doi tupng cd nhiing khilm khuylt vl mat thi chit din den suy giam nhiing chiic nang cP thi lam anh hudng true tiep den qua trinh nhan thiic, sinh hoat, xa hdi ciia cac em Day la mdt nhdm doi tupng d n nhan dupe sii quan tam cua cac d p , cac nganh xa hdi ma dac biet la nganh giao due Thuc t l hien nay, giao due hoa nhap dupc thuc hien d t i t ca cac d p hpc da khing dinh mdt hudng di phii hpp va hieu qua, dam bao cP hdi va su binh ding cho TKT Cd thi ndi, giao due hda nhap dem lai cP hdi va su phat triln cho nhdm tre nay: tre dupc tham gia vao cac hoat ddng, cimg hpc chuong trinh giap due phd thdng Song ddi vdi TKT, bi khilm khuylt vl mpt hay mpt sd chiic nang cua CP the nen nhu d u dupe hd trp cu thi, true tilp tren cP sd tfnh din nhiing nang liic va nhiing dieu kien ca nhan cang ddi hdi dupc dap iing ca thi, thilt thuc hon bao gid hit Chinh vi vay nd ddi hdi mpt ki nang d n thiet d ngudi giap vien: day hpc dap ling nhu d u ca nhan cua tre Thuc te kit qua thu dupc tfr cac chuPng trinh giap due hda nhap TKT ciing chi rang: giao due hda nhap se dat dupc hieu qua cao nlu giao vien day tre cd ki nang thilt kl chUPng trinh hd trp ca nhan phii hpp chp tfrng doi tupng TKT nhim thuc hien cac muc tieu giao due De cd dupc nhiing kl nang ddi hdi ngUdi giao 117 Ngii.y(''n Thi Thanh Huygn vien i)hai dupc hoc la]) va ri-n lu.yen cpia cac chUPng trinh dao tao, bdi dudng Xem x(''t nhfrng kit ciiil Hi thi.rc tien, x;ic dinh rd nhiing tdn tai cung nhU yeu d u vl mpt ngirdi giao vi(''ii cd kha uang dap iing dupe nhfrng ddi hdi tn'-ii se cd y nghia quan trpng cho cac e() sd dao tao giao vi(''ii day TKT hi^n 2.1 Noi d u n g nghien cu'u Vai tro cOia ki nang phat tri§n chUdng trinh giao due ca nhan (PT CTGDCN) day hoc TKT Day hoc \ei cho ciing hi dap iing nhu d u hpc hdi ciia iigiidi hoc De dat dupc muc dich iiguiti day can pluii thi.rc sU hilu In'', hilu nhiing khd khan, nhu d u cfmg nhu nhfrng dilm manh ciia chiing Do vay nhiing tlujiig tin \('' TKT dupc xac lap Irong ban ke hoach giao due ca nhan (KHGDCX) la nhiing can cii cd v nghia v() cimg quan trpng dk ugUdi giao vic'ui cd thi hilu lr(' cd the cd nhfrng gpi y ban diu viec day IK' phat triln moi quan he tUPng tac phii hpp qua trinh day hpc Dl nang cao chat lupng ciia qua trinh miy, giao vien thudng chii y din viec cd nhdn hda viee day hpc Dd la ap dung cac bien phap va ki thuat cu the chuyen bi("'t vdi nhip dp, dilm xuit phat tai lieu, bien phap hpc tap rieng; diia vao kinh nghiem va ki nang tiln hanh hoat dpng hpc tap dudi su hd trp hudng din chuyen biet ciia giap vien dl thuc hien cac nhiem vu hpc tap cua hpc trinh nhim dat muc tieu va tuan thep hpc trinh chung \iec xac dinh cac muc tieu qua trinh da}' hpc TKT co v nghia vd cung quan trpng Ngoai viec hudng din nhiing ndi dung hay cac ki nang thudc vl chUPng trinh chung, cac hoat ddng day hpc cdn hudng den muc tieu gidi quyet cdc kho khan chinh khuyit tat ciia tre mang lai ha}' ndi each khac la thuc hiii-n cac "muc tieu can thiep tre" Cac muc tieu luu' dupc xa}' duiig tren cP sd giao vien da tim hilu ki kha nang va nhu d u tilp nhan tre va sau mpt loat nhfrng quan sat, danh gia viec tre thirc hien cac hoat dpng cfmg nhu viec giao vien phan tich chuPng trinh giao due hien hanh vdi kha lumg \'a van dl cua tre Se khdng cd mOt chuong trinh chung cho bit cir TKT nao \ i moi tre cd nhiing kha nang va nhu d u khac cimg mot dang khuylt tat - PT CTGDCN, (on bao ham ca \i(^c to chufc thuc hien chUPng trinh ki nang thilt kl cac hoat dpng tinh tdi su tham gia tdi da cua TKT cfmg nhu viec thuc hanh cac ki nang day hpc cP ban ciia giao vien cd \'ai trd hit siic quan trpng Mdt chuPng trinh tot gdp phin nang cao hieu qua giao due nhung viec thilt kl nhfrng each thiic td chiic cac hoat ddng giiip tre dat dupc muc tieu cua chUPng trinh lai d n thilt va quan trpng hon ca Trpng giao an, viec lira chpn cac phuong phap day hpc TKT dupc cu thi hoa bing cac hpat dpng cua giap vien va hoat dpng cua TKT Sir tham gia ciia tre vao cac boat dpng dd se danh gia hieu qua cac phudng phap giao vien lua chpn va thuc hien Vl mat V nghia thiic tien, CTGDCN se giiip ta bilt phai lam gi vdi tiing hpc sinh nlu mudn dap iing nhu d u va phat huy kha nang cua tfrng em; gdp phan hi 118 Thuc trgng ki ndng phdt trien chuang trinh gido due cd nhdn tre khuyit tdt trp giap vien xay dung va thuc hien hoat ddng giang day - giao due Ddng thdi, nd gdp phan danh gia qua trinh tiln triln cua tre vdi muc tieu da dl Viec chuin bi qua trinh se cung d p nhfrng cP hdi cho cha me, giao vien, nhan vien trudng va cac vien khac cd lien quan tdi tre - ngudi cd nhu d u dac biet, bilt dupc cac nhu d u ciia tre, tren cP sd dd thilt kl chuong trinh phii hpp vdi nhiing nhu d u ca nhan 2.2 T h u c t r a n g ki nang P T C T G D C N cua giao vien mam non Trpng cdng trinh nghien ciiu ciia chiing toi ve Thuc trang PT CTGDCN TKT [2], cua giao vien mim non dupc thuc hien tren 300 giao vi('>ri mini non day TKT d cac tinh Ha ndi, Brie Can Nha Trang \'a Hd Chf Minh cho thay: 2.2.1 Nhan thufc cua giao vien mam non ve C T G D C N va ki nang P T C T G D C N cho TKT Mac dii GX a cac dia phuong phlu Idn chi qua cac ldp bdi dudng chuyen mon, song hp cd nhfrng nhan dinh vl CTGDCN va ki nang PT CTGDCN kha tdt; hilu bilt cua giao vien vl nhiing ki nang PT CTGDCxN thi hien qua viec giao vien da xac dinh dupc nhiing ylu to ban chit cua CTGDCN bao gdm: CTGDCN la chuong trinh danh rieng cho mdi ca nhan TKT; Xay dung CTGDCN se giiip cho giao vien bilt hd trp tre cai gi, nao va bang each nao; \iec danh gia va tim hilu nhu d u ca nhan la ki nang tien quylt, GV cd the can cii dua tren cac mdc phat triln tre binh thudng dk nhan dien nhiing "van dl" cua tre; Bit ke TKT nao ciing cd thi hpc dupc nlu giao vien xay dung dupc CTGDCN cho tre: GX day hda nhap d n cd kl nang dilu chinh (muc tieu, ndi dung, phupng phap, hinh thiic td chiic); - De cd mdt CTGDCN hieu qua giap vien ciing d n cd ki nang phan tfch day hpc va thiet kl cac hoat dpng day hpc phu hpp vdi mdi doi tupng tre Cac nhan dinh vl PT CTGDCN ciia giao vien dupc hdi vin cd mdt sd y kiln cho ring: "Day hda nhap khdng d n chuPng trinh GDCN, CTGDCN chi danh chp day chuyen biet" - y kiln cd ty le philu chilm 17% Tuy sd lupng y kiln khdng nhieu nhung day la nhiing nhan dinh hit siic sai lim, d n phai thay ddi dac biet mdi trudng hda nhap Mpt y kiln khac lai cho ring "KHGDCN la CTGDCN" Xet d mpt khf a canh nao dd thi sir danh dong cd thi chip nhan dupc vi ke hpach GDCN ciing la su cu thi hda ndi dung chuPng trinh giap due thep tfrng giai dpan cho mpt TKT nap dd 2.2.2 Kl nang P T C T G D C N cho T K T • Cdc ki ndng nin tdng Qua kit qua khao sat cho thay: cac ki nang nIn tang (bao gdm quan 119 Nguyin Thi Thanh HuyIn sat, ghi chep, phan tich th(')ng tin va xic dinh cac vin dl chfnh d n hd trp tre) thi giao \ i(">n hien mdi chi chii y nhilu den viec td chufc clc hoat dpng giao due va cho rang day 11 mdt ki nang (pian va d n thilt Clc ki nang nhU quan sat, ghi clu'^]) cac bilu hien ciia V\e va phan tfch nhfrng gi quan sat dupc cd t.v le khdng cao chiing td cae giao vifm thudng xem nhe hoac khdng cd thdi quen thiic hien nhifng ki nang iia.v Lupng gia va xdc dinh miic chiic ming hi(;n tai (ua tre la mpt ki nSng ddi hdi ngirdi giao \ien phai cd chiiy("'ii mdn cao Lupng gia cd chfnh xac mdi xac dinh dupc vAii (le elm hd trP cho tr(\ Kit (pia khao sat cho thay dilm trung binh M = 3,80 va chi sd SD 1,00 Dieu miy cho thay cac y kiln cfmg cd sU khac biet song so \di ki nang quan sat, ghi chc^p va phan tich thdng tin thi giao vi(''n van chu v thiic hien nhilu hPn Su khac bi(:'t each hieu vh "lupng gia mfifc dd cluic nang hien tai" khdng thdng nhal Irong tluic le thi day van la nhiing ki nang ma giao vien mim non van suf dung thudng xuyen mdi cd the tiln hanh day tre dupc • Kl ndng hiiu tre vd phan tich nhu cdu cd nhdn Hilu tre va phan tfch nhu d u ca nhan la nhiing ki nang quan trpng va d n thilt trudc xay dung dupc mpt chUPng trinh cho tre \ iec phan tfch na}' diia tren nhiing kit qua ma giao vic'm quan sat va danh gia tre Mdi tre la mpt biic tranh khac biet va da dang, vin dl la giao vien phai bilt dupc khd khan chfnh cua tre la gi? Thao gd vin dk nao dl giai quyet nhiing khd khan khac ciia tre? Nhfrng dilu gi d n luu tam them giao vien td chiic cac hoat dpng cho tre tham gia va thuc hien? Kit qua khao sat cho thiy: hiu hit giao vien da xac dinh rat hieu tre va nim bit cac nhu d u ca nhan tUPng doi tdt Tuy nhien, dk phan tfch cac thdng tin thu dupc nhim xac dinh dupc "vin dl chinh' d n hd trp tre ciing nhu npi dung d n hS trp hay thii tu uu tien cho viec giai quylt cac \'an dk cua tre cho thiy giao vien cdn rat khd khan • Cdc kl ndng phdn tich day hgc vd tliiet ke cdc hoat dgng day hoc phu hap vdi cd nhdn tre Day la nhdm ki nang d n thilt dam bao cho chUPng trinh xay dung dupc mang tfnh kha thi, sat thuc vdi nhu d u cua ca nhan tre Nhiing ki nang ddi hdi ngudi giao vien phai bilt lua chpn ndi dung gi (1(~^ giiip TKT cd kha nang tham gia cac hoat ddng chung, va nhiing hoat ddng phai cd y nghia \'di tre Dl dat dupc muc dich nay, ngoai viec liia chpn npi dung, ngudi giap vien ciing d n phai xac dinh dupc miic dp hay yeu d u d n dat viec tre thiic hien cac nhiem vu cua minh; xac dinh dupc each thiic td chiic (ho tre linh hpi dupc bai hpc mpt each hieu qua Bang dudi day chp thi}' cac ki nang giao vien cdn han chi nhu: thiet kl cac hoat ddng chung cd tinh tdi su tham gia va giai quyet cac van de ciia TKT ciing nhu nhiing ki nang lien quan din viec lua chpn nhiing npi dung, hinh thiic td chiic giiip TKT tham gia dupc cac hpat dpng cua ldp ciing nhu giai quyet dupc "vin de" khd khan ciia chiing cd chi so M chi dat 1,72 va 3,43; cac can tra ldi ciing thi hien y kiln dong nhit qua chi sd SD = 0,92 va 0,68 120 Thuc trgng ki, nang phdt triin chuang trinh gido due cd nhan tre khuyit tdt Cac ki nang cdn lai nhu dilu chinh hay long gh(''p, tich hpp muc tieu giiia CTGDCN va chuong trinh chung giao vien thirc hien kha tot vdi M = 4,02 va 3,49 Bdng Cdc kl ndng phdn tich day hgc vd thiet ke cdc hog,t dgng day hgc phu, hdp vdi cd nhdn tre Item Lua chpn dupc nhiing ND, phuong tien, PP va each thiic to chiic di TKT tham gia dupc cac HOC va cac hoat dpng lien quan din ''van dl" ciia tre Xac dinh va tich hpp dupc muc tieu, chuPng trinh GDCN ciia TKT vao chUPng trinh chung mdi hoat dpng DH Dieu chinh npi dung, phupng phap cho phu hpp vdi TKT Thiet ke cac hoat dpng chung tinh tdi sU thain gia va giai quylt cac vin de cua TKT TB Kem n Tot Kha 8,67 43,33 31,33 14,67 2,00 300 3,42 0,91 2,33 48,67 44,67 4,33 0,00 300 3,49 0,62 29,00 47,33 19,33 4,33 0,00 300 4,01 0,81 2,00 4,00 5,00 Ylu M SD 54,33 34,67 300 1,84 0,84 • Cdc ki ndng ddnh gid tre vd chuang trinh gido due Xlu nhu danh gia, dl hilu tre va phan tfch nhu d u ca nhan la nhiing ki nang eln thiet ban diu de lam cP sd dinh hudng cho mdt chUPng trinh ca nhan hinh thi danh gia tre va danh gia chUPng trinh giao due la nhiing ki nang tilp theo nhim dam bao tfnh can ddi va kha thi, thfch iing giiia CTGDCN vdi chUPng trinh chung Xet d gdc dp ly luan thi mdt chuong trinh hieu qua cho bit ky ca nhan tre phai dam bao tfnh tiem can vdi chuong trinh giao due chung/binh thudng Nd bao gIm nhiing ki nang lien quan din viec thilt ke, dilu chinh, va hoach dinh nhiing npi dung theo ke hoach chung ciing nhu nhiing yen d u cu thi lien quan din ca nhan tre ma chu ylu la viec "phan tfch nhiem vu" nhim giiip tre dat dupc nhiing muc tieu dl Day cfmg la mdt phin chuong trinh giao due chung Ben canh dd viec luu giii nhiing kit qua ma tre dat dupc dl so sanh vdi nhung muc tieu da dl bao gom muc tieu rieng va ca nhiing muc tieu chung de tfr dd cd cP sd cho nhiing dieu chinh cac giai doan ke tilp ciia chuong trinh Kit qua khao sat thi hien d bang dudi day cho thiy, hiu hit cac ki nang ciia giao vien chua tdt, diu d miic trung binh (tff 3,43 din 3,80; rieng ki nang Danh gia miic dp phat triln hien tai cua tre qua nhiing tieu chi cu thi gin vdi chuong trinh chi dat 2,96 va SD = 1,12 chp thiy cac y kiln khdng tap trung Dieu dd chiing td quan dilm ciing nhu each xac dinh nhiing tieu chf gin vdi chuPng trinh chua hoan toan ddng nhit.) 121 Nguyi^'ii Thi Thanh Huyen Bdng Ki nang ddnh Item Danh gia, xac dinh kh.i nang, nhu ciu: nnrc phat trien hi(;n tai (iia tre (jiia nhiiug tieu chf cii till gan vdi (inr(Jng trinh Dilu (iiinli chuPng trinh giAo due chung plni hpp vdi kha nang, nhu cau ciia 'I'KT Thi('M k«' cac bai taj) tmil hnoiig de kiem Ira kha nang ciia ti('' Xay dung ciic tifni chi danh gia k(M (jiia Uv tlu.rc hi(;n nhiem Chi chep mot each khach quan, thudng xny("'n va luu gift cac san pham (tia tK' Hoach dinh npi dung va cac hoat dpng cin hd trp tr('' theo Ke hoach giao due chung ciia Idj) hpc 2.2.3 SD 17,00 300 2.96 1,12 6,67 2.3,67 46,00 6,67 9,67 42,67 31,00 14,33 2.33 0,00 39,67 27,67 21,67 11,00 300 2,96 1,03 3,00 4.67 300 3.43 0,93 41,00 47.67 3.67 300 2,56 0.77 0,00 300 4.08 0,56 18,00 37.67 23,00 17.33 4.00 300 3.48 1,09 20,33 67,67 12,00 0,00 Thai cua GV ve P T C T G D C N Bdng Nhdn dinh cua GV ve vai trd vd hieu qud QTDH cua CTGDCN Item Tre thuc hien dupc nhfrng nhiem vu phii hpp vdi kha nang va nhu ciu ciia minh CT trpng tam va tirng budc giai quylt nhfrng khd khan, giiip tre tiln b() Ti'e cd th('' tham gia va thuc hda nhap Lam vi()c m()t each khoa hpc nghiem tiic, trach nhiem va hicMi qua Day hpc dap iing su da dang ldp hpc dua vao each tilp can ca nhan hda 122 gid i\re vd chiidng trinh gido due M Tdt Kh^ T B Yeu Kem n Hoan toan d6ng y Khong Ddng Phan Phan dong van doi y y 21,67 64,33 14,00 0,00 0,00 300 4,08 0,59 2.33 48,67 44.67 4,33 0,00 300 3.49 0,62 66.67 30.00 3,33 0.00 0.00 300 4,64 0,54 12,33 57.67 0,00 0,00 0,00 300 4,42 0,49 56,67 42,33 2,00 0,00 0,00 300 4,54 0,54 n M SD Thuc trgng ki ndng phdt triin chuang trinh gido due cd nhdn tre khuyit tdt Kit qua dilu tra d bang tren cho thay ty le cac G\' ung hd viec PT CTGDCN chp TKT r i t cao, hiu hit giao vien diu danh gia cao vai trd cung nhu hieu qua ciia CTGDCN vdi sir tiln bp, phat triln ciia tre ciing nhu v nghia doi vdi hoat ddng day hpc cua giao vien ndi chung, thi hien M deu tren 4,0 (tii 1.07 din 1,04) va chi sd SD diu sip xi dat 0,5 chiing td cac y kiln rit ddng nhat \a cho ring CTGDCN deu rit thilt thuc va v nghia vdi tre, vdi sir tiln bp ciia tr(', dac biet la tie cd thi tham gia cac hoat dpng va thuc sir hda nhap Rieng tieu chf tre thirc hien dupc nhiing nlii(;^m vu phii hpp vdi kha nang va nhu d u ciia minh thi }• kiln khdng dong nhat (SD = 1,10), dieu miy phdn dnh kl ndng thiet ke chuang trinh cua gido vien vdn cdn han chi 2.2.4 Danh gia thifc trang P T CTGDCN ciia giao vien m i m non Hiu hit giao vien dupc hdi diu da xa}' dung va thuc hien theo kl hoach GDC.X Day cfmg chfnh la cdng budc dau viec thuc hien GDHX d bac mini non Theo tinh thin chi dao chung ciia Bd Giao due c^- Dao tao ma true tilp la Vu Giao due Mim non t i t ca cac TKT diu dupc xay dung KHGDCN, va chinh vi vay ma hiu hit giao vien diu cho ring, CTGDCN chinh la ban KHGDCN, d mdt gdc dp nao dd thi each hilu ciing cd thi chap nhan dupc Dudi da}' la kit qua thiic tl x'iec giao vien MN phat triln CTGDCN cac hoat ddng cham sdc giao due: Bdng 4- Thiic trang viec PT CTGDCN Item Gid hoat dpng chung Gid hoat dpng gdc Gid hoat dpng tu Tao cac tinh hudng, ren luyen d mpi noi mpi liic Gid ca nhan 1-1 cua gido vien mdm Rat Thudng Thinh H i l m thudng xuyen thoang xuyen Khong bao gid n M non SD 0,00 23,91 71,74 0,00 4,35 300 3,63 0,70 0.00 0,00 18.98 7,19 73,72 73,38 5,11 17,27 2,19 2,16 300 3,71 0,66 300 3,83 0,64 7,91 76,98 12,95 0,00 2,16 300 3,88 0,62 10,87 55,07 29,71 2,17 2,17 300 3,70 0,77 Nhu vay, nhin chung viec phat triln CTGDCN da dupc giao \'ien triln khai thuc hien d cac hoat dpng Tuy nhien, tin so triln khai thiic hien cdn kha thip Cac y kiln diu cho thiy giao vien thinh thoang indi triln khai dupc chUPng trinh ca nhan cho tre cac hoat dpng, y kiln tap trung nhilu vao cac cP sd cd gid day ca nhan 1-1 cho tre Nlu day la mdt thuc t l phdn dnh quan niem chuang trinh cd nhdn chi cd the thitc Men duac tiit cd nhdn giUa cd vd tre thi lai Id mdt quan diim sai ldm Cac y kiln kha tap trung SD = 0,62; 0,64; 0,66; 0,70 va 0,77 Ngpa,i ra, de tim hieu ki hpn viec giao vien xay dung muc tieu, ndi dung, yen cau cu thi cho tfrng hoat dpng cua tre ciing nhu nguyen nhan cua vin de cho 123 Ngu.y('!n Thi Thanh Huyen thay: chi cd 6% y kiln cho ring, nlu khdng thi.rc hien thi se khdng day dUpc; cdn lai da so y kiln deu nhan dinh la thinh thoang tham chi hilm thuc hien, va chi thi.rc lii(Mi "bi kilm tra" hoac cd thdi gian (68%), efmg cd y kiln cho ring hp khdng lam vi khdng bill ])liai lam nhu the nio, l.v chilm tdi 26% Qua nhfmg kit (pia khao sal tri'ui cho thay: (iiiio vien mam non biidc din ed nhfrng hilu biet va nhan thiic diing (nhUng chua (lay dii va chfnh xac) ve cliUPng trinh C ; D ( ^ \ va ki nang phat trif'u CTGDCX cho TKT Coiio vieii can bill va phan bi(;'t giiia Ci'GDCN va KHGDCN cfmg nhu vi(H' thiel ke CTGDCN khdng chi danh rii'iig va ap dung Irong mdi trudng GD chii}'(Mi bi(M (iiiio \ien imim non danh gia cao vii riit iing ho viec xa}' dung CTGDCN cho TKT til}' nlii("'ii viin chUa cd thdi quen vii ki nang c(J ban de tlurc hien .3 Ciic kl nang ciin dup( triing bi \'ii tiiui d(')i tliT'in cho giao \ieii: ki nang danh gia \ie\ ki nilng I hill ke (iiir(hig trinh ciing nhu ki nang t('' chiic thiic hien chiiPng trinh GDCN ldp hda nhap Rd rang, vdi tlurc tl nii}' ciing la mot bai toan dat cho cac cP sd dap tao giao vien da}' TKT bac mlin non can phai giii quylt dd la: Xac dinh PT CTGDCX la mdt nhfrng ki nang quan trpng d n cd ciia ngudi giao vien day TKT Ren luyen cho sinh vien tir cdn tren glu^ nha trudng each nhin nhan dung vl CTGDCN va ki nang PT (JTGDCN ciing nhu xac dinh dupc y nghia, tim quan trpng cua nhirng ki nang de cd nhan thiic diing din cung nhu cd thdi quen xay dung va thuc hien CTGDCN cho TKT bit cii md hinh giao due nao Cac kl nang nIn tang ckn thilt phiii chii trpng va hinh cho sinh vien qua trinh dao tJio bao gdm: quan sat danh gia tre; phan tich va xac dinh nhu d u ca nhan ciia tre: thilt kl cac hoat dpng day hpc tinh tdi viec dap iing nhu d u ca nhan ive Ket luan Cho dii (dug tiic giiio due TKT dupc to chuc tluH) mo hinh giao due nao di chang niia thi viec xay dung mpt CTGDCX cho mdi tre la dilu hit siic d n thilt PT CTGDC'X la viec giiio vi(~m d n xac dinh rd muc tieu, npi dung d n hd trp tre thdng qua ki nang phan tu h, tim hilu nhu d u ca nhan hay ki nang phan tfch day hpc va thiel ke eke liocil (hing day hpc tinh tdi sU tham gia tich cue cua tre ciing nhu cac ben li(''n ciuan ddng thdi cung la \iec tlurc hien dl dat dupc cac muc tieu dl hay cung (ap cac dich \i.i d n thiet dk tien hanh cac hoat dpng chinh tri giao due ddi vdi ive Dap ling nhu d u ciia tre mpi linh viic, dd la muc tieu giao due mong muon dat dupc d tre, kl ca van dk tien nghi thdng thudng tai ldp hpc CTGDCX se thuc hien nhiem vu dd Mdi tre la mpt ca thi rieng biet nen mdi tre ciing se cd kha nSng va nhu ciu rieng, vi thi cac KHGDCN hay mpt chuPng trinh ca nhan rieng biet cho mdi tre se 124 Thuc trgng ki nang phdt trien chuang trinh gido due cd nhdn tre khuyit tdt giup giao vien cd thi hilu rd vl tre dl cd nhiing viec lam can thiet nhim dap iing nhu d u rieng biet dd Vi le dd, ngudi giao vien d n phai trang bi diy du ki nang lam viec vdi TKT ndi rieng cfmg nhu ciic ki nang diiy hpc dap ufng nhu d u ca bi(^t trpng mpt ldp hpc da dang Ki nang phat triln chupug trinh la mdt nhiing ki nang giup giao vien thufc hien tot nhiem vii dd Tuf thuc trang tren cho thiy nhin chung liiiMi nav, giao vien mam non vlu chua cd thdi quen cung nhu cac ki nang eln thilt dl PT CTGDCX cho TKT mac du cac nhan dinh cua hp diu cho rang kl nang mi}' la vd cimg can thilt Do vay cac co sd dao tao giao vien day TKT ciin chii trpng ren lii}'en nhiing ki nang tir trudng su pham; chii trpng xac dinh nhiing ndi dung chUPng trinh dao tiio ciing nhu xac dinh rd qu}' trinh ven \uyen k! ming PT CTGDCN cho sinh vien nhim dao tao nhiing thi he giao vien cd tii}' nghl, ho trp hieu qua mpi nhu d u dac biet ciia tre, gdp phin nang cao ehkt lupng cdng tac giao due hda nhap tfr bac hpc mim non TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO [1] Nguyin Thi Thu Hiln, 2006 Phdt triin vd to chitc thuc hien chuang trinh gido due m&m non Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [2] Nguyin Thi Thanh Hm^ln, 2010 Khao sdt thuc trgng to chitc cho sinh vien Gido due ddc biet bgc mam non PT CTGDCN hda De tai V2009 01-NCS, Vien Khoa hpc Giao due \'iet Nam Ha Ndi [3] Barbara D Baterman, Mary Anne Linden, 2005 Better LEPs How to develop legally correct and Educationally Useful Programs lEP resourse, Fouth edition ABSTRACT Skills of early childhood teachers in developing the individual education programme for children with disabilities The article provides the critical information on skills in developing an individual education programme for children with disabilities It also analyzes the importance of skills in developing the individual education program and teaching children with disabilities conducted by teachers in general and early childhood teachers in particular Since the survey the author has also defined the necessary tasks for settings training teachers in special needs education to improve the qualit}' of training teachers in all settings as well as focusing on skills in developing the individual education programmes for children with disabilities are the indispensable needs based on realities 125 ... C N cua giao vien mam non Trpng cdng trinh nghien ciiu ciia chiing toi ve Thuc trang PT CTGDCN TKT [2], cua giao vien mim non dupc thuc hien tren 300 giao vi(''>ri mini non day TKT d cac tinh... CTGDCN ciia giao vien m i m non Hiu hit giao vien dupc hdi diu da xa}'' dung va thuc hien theo kl hoach GDC.X Day cfmg chfnh la cdng budc dau viec thuc hien GDHX d bac mini non Theo tinh thin chi dao... tac giao due hda nhap tfr bac hpc mim non TAI LIEU T H A M KHAO [1] Nguyin Thi Thu Hiln, 2006 Phdt triin vd to chitc thuc hien chuang trinh gido due m&m non Nxb Giao due Ha Ndi [2] Nguyin Thi