Khoa hoc Giao due PHAP LUAT VE GIAO DUC DAI HOC Of VIET NAIVI HIEN NAY NHOTNG VAN DE Lf L U A N VA THUt T I I N Nhufng nam gin dly nhieu chu truong, chinh sleh cua Ding ve giao due, dao tao ndi chung[.]
-Khoa hoc Giao due PHAP LUAT VE GIAO DUC DAI HOC Of VIET NAIVI HIEN NAY NHOTNG VAN DE Lf L U A N VA THUt T I I N ThS PHAM TI^N DUNG Tririftig CaoffangDien tir - Bien lanh Ha Npi N hufng nam gin dly nhieu chu truong, chinh sleh cua Ding ve giao due, dao tao ndi chung va giao due dai hpc ndi rilng, da dupe the che hda phlp luat, nhd dd chung da di vao ddi sdng x l hdi, mang lai nhieu hilu qui Tuy nhien, theo Bio d o chinh trj cda Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Ding khda X tai Dai hdi Ding toln quoc Ian thCf XI thi: "Chat lupng giao due va dIo tao chua dap Ung yeu d u phIt trien, nhat II dIo tao nguon nhin luc trinh dp cao cdn han che; QuIn li nhl nude ve gilo due cdn bat eap"\Nhuvly,cd the khlng^nh ring vile thUe hien chCi trUdng, chinh sleh, phap luat ve giao due va dIo tao nhOng nIm qua chua dat muc tieu, hieu qui mong mudn nhUng nam khang chiln, vile ban hanh VBQPPL gap nhUng khd khIn nhat djnh, nhien cang ngly he thdng to chufe hoat ddng va quIn li gilo due, quyIn hpe tap cCia edng dan d n g dupe hoan thien trIn co sd eua Hien phap, phlp lult CIc ban Hien phap 1980,1992 tilp tue phat huy nhCfng tU tudng dd de ed co sd xly dUng ban hanh Luat Gilo due 1998,2005,2009, Luat Day nghl 2006 Cd the thay, phlp lult v l gilo due ndi chung va phap lult ve glao due dai hpc ndiriengda dupe hinh va ngly cang hoan thiln han.TU nhUng phan tfeh neu trIn, ed the djnh nghTa phdp lugtve gido due dgi hgc Id mot bd phan /)o)3 thdnh eda Tii nhan djnh neu trIn, cung vdi viec nghien phdp luat gido due, bao gom hi thong cde QPPL cufu, tong ket thuc tien, cd the thay ring vai trd cua coquan nhd nudc cd thdm quyen ban hdnh de phlp lult ddi vdi sU djnh hudng, thuc hien chien dieu chinh cde quan hixd hoi linh vUc gido JUde phat trien giao due la rat quan trpng Bdi vi due dgi hgc phu hop vdi Hien phdp, Luat Gido d phlp luat II edng cu quIn li nhl nude, II sU the vdcdcVBQPPLkhdc che hda nhufng chu trUdng cua OIng vIo ddi sdng Cung nhude ITnh vuc xa hdi khie, nhu eau giao Do do, de xay dung va hoan thien he thdng d e due ludn van ddng va phat trien, nen phlp lult v l quy pham phlp lult v l quIn li gilo due dal hpe d nudc ta hien nay, dac biet la viec nghien cCfu, gdp gilo due dai hpe can dugc bo sung, sUa ddi Tuy y du thIo Luat Gilo due dai hpc, thilt nghi can cd nhien, mot nha nude phlp quyen thi phlp d i nhin khIi quit ve he thdng vIn bin quy pham luat phli giO vai trd tdi thUpng, phap lult phli dupc phlp luat (VBQPPL) ve gilo due dai hpc hien cd vdi sCf dung nhu edng cu dieu ehinh x l hpl biln, Uu tiln hang dau cCia nha nude v l sCr dung phlp nhCrng mat tich cue va han che cua nd luat phli la dch Ung xO' thudng xuyin nhu mdt Khai niem "phap luat ve giao due dai hinh thai van hda cOa edng dan Cong din dupe hpc"dVietNam bio ve bIng phap luat va dugc lam nhCfng gi phlp Trong he thong d e VBQPPL cua Nha nUde cd luat khdng d m , cdn cd quan cong quyIn ehi dUdc nhilu quy djnh ve gilo due ndi ehung v l giao due lam nhCfng gi luat cho phep Do do, vile ban hanh, dai hpc ndirieng,dac bilt la Hien phlp 1946 - Bin sCra ddi, bd sung, hoan thien kjp thdi eae VBQPPL Hiin phap diu tien cua Nha nUde Viet Nam - tai ve gilo due dai hpc cho phu hpp vdi sUvan ddng Dleu 15 quy djnh: "Nen sa hgc cudng bach vd khdng cua xa hdi II nhilm vu quan trpng cua Nha nude hoe phf, d cde truing sa hgc dja phuang, qude ddn th'iiu s6 cd quyen hgc bdng tieng cOa minh Hgc trova la nhu eau chi'nh ding cua xa hdi Neu sU dieu nghio dugc chinh phu giup TrUdng tU dugc md tUchinh la phu hpp hole khdng phu hpp thi tat ylu vd phdi dgy theo ehuang trlnh nhd nudc" Trongdan den nhOng he luy tuong Cfng Minh ehUng eu the eho dilu la su phat trien quy md, loai hinh, Ding Cong Sin Viet Nam, Vdn kien DgihdiDgi so lupng, hinh thdc v l ca chat lupng gilo due d Viet biiu todn quae Idn thdXI, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Nam khoing 10 nam vija qua NhOng 2011, tr 148 (Bio d o chinh tri cua Ban Chap hanh tiAj eung nhU nhCfng mat tral, tieu cUc phIt sinh Trung uong Ding khda X tai DH OIng toan quoc kem theo duang nhien cd sU tic ddng cua chinh sach phlp luat vdi d c quy dinh phlp luat cu the ISnthufXI) KHGD sd 69, thdng 6-2011 37 Khoa hoe Giao due ThUc t r a n g p h a p ludt v e ^ i a o due d a i hpc d Viet N a m hien v a sUcan t h i e t p h a i b a n h a n h Luat Giao due d a i hoc va ele l u l t sda doi, bo sung sau eung e l c van ban dudi l u l t da tao nhOng budc c h u y i n bien rdret tren nhieu mat eua nen giao due nUde ta, d i e bilt la g i l o due dai hpc CIc t h I n h tUu d d bao g d m su 2.1 Hi thong VBQPPL p h I t trien v l quy md, da dang ve loai hinh trudng, Neu tinh tU nam 1992, thdi diem Nha nude ta hinh thdc dao tao; g i l o due dai hpe nUde ta da ban hanh ban H i i n p h l p thU Ijch sir lap eung d p nguon Iao ddng ehCi y l u ed trinh dp cao hien - B i n H i i n p h l p cua thdi ki doi mdi thi cd the dang, dal hpc, thae sT v l t i l n sT phue vu su nghiep k h I i q u i t hda h i thdng VBQPPL v l g i l o due dai p h I t t r i l n kinh te - x l hdi, q u i trinh edng nghiip hpc d Viet Nam nhusau: hda, hien dal hda dat nude, b i o d i m an ninh quoc Hien phdp - Ludt Gido due - Cde vdn bdn dudi luat phdng v l hdi nhap kinh te qude te.Tuy n h i l n sau ve g/do due da/hoc (NQ,Nb cua Chinh Phu, Q u y l t hpn 20 nam trien khai thuc hien, g i l o due dai hpe dinh eua TTiu tudng chfnh phU ) van cdn n h i l u bat cap, nhCfng gi d l l l m dupe ehUa Nhin v I o he thdng tren, chung ta de dang nhan thUe sU xUng vdi muc t i l u , yeu d u cOa D i n g , Nhl thay su thieu hut m d t v I n b i n luat thdng nhl't ve nUde v l dac biet la x l hdi Chat lUpng g i l o due dal g i l o due dai hpe ma d V i l t Nam thudng la Phap hoc chua cao, cd e h i q u I n li cdn lung tung, nhieu lenh h o l e L u l t v e G i l o due dai hpc Ve mat n g u y i n bat cap Luat G i l o due vdi tfnh chat eua mot van li thi luat g i l o due dai hpc la luat cu the (luat n h l n h , b i n luat khung cho e l he thdng g i l o due qude l u l t ehuyin nganh, cd cdn gpi la "luat con") dan n I n n h i l u van de cdn quy djnh chung chung, mdi quan he vdi Luat Gilo due da ban hanh khdng ehi t i l t , khd thuc thi N h i l u npi dung dat (II luat chung, l u l t khung hay "luat me") Tat nhien, nhung khdng kha thi, chUa thUc hien dupc hole vdi mpi nganh luat thi Hien phap 11 luat goc, l u l t co thuc hien khdng ed h i l u q u i , nhuHpi ddng trUdng, ban, dao l u l t ed hieu lue eao nhat he thdng quyen t u ehu, t u chiu trach nhiem Chinh bdi vi tri phap luat Viet Nam Hien p h l p vdi tinh c h i t I I Luat I I mot luat khung nhUvay nen qua trinh trien CO b i n quy iJnh v l to chUc quyen lue n h l nude khai thUe hien ele edquan cd tham q u y I n p h l i ban vcfl" ele quan he ca b i n n h a t nhCfng van de trpng hanh he thdng cac van bdn diTdi iuat, ma he luy yeu lam ca sd di x l y d i ^ g ele l u l t nganh CIc quy cua vlec ban hanh q u i n h i l u van b i n dudi l u l t la pham H i i n p h l p thudng cd tinh chat n g u y i n tac, su vyn vat, l i p ghep, de chdng e h i o , m l h i l u lUe tuyen bd, djnh nghTa Vi vly, n l u c h i d n c U v I o H i i n thuc thi lai khdng cao N h i l u van de cd tinh chat phap thi v i l e thuc hien thuc te se rat khd; can rat quan trpng cua g i l o due dai hpc n h u t d chut, cd luat quy djnh eu the nguyen t i e n l y n h u Luat hoat ddng g i l o due dac thO, t l i ehinh, q u I n If nha G i l o due v l ele v I n b i n khie Tat nhien cung can nude ddi vdi g i l o due dai hpc, tra, kiem tra, nhac lai rang neu khdng ed quy dinh cd tinh cot Idi quan he qude t l lai ehi isupe quy dinh bdi d c ed tren tai Hien phap thi khdng cd ea sd trien khai x l y quan hanh p h l p (Chfnh phu, Bd ) ban h i n h , dan dung l u l t h o l e n l u d u t h i o l u l t t r l i vdi Hien p h l p tdi tinh trang "hanh ehinh hda" nhieu hoat ddng thi se khdng dUOc thdng qua, h o l e g i l sCf ed dupe g i l o due khdng can t h i e t dau d d cd " h i i n tUpng doe quyen" hoat ddng thdng qua thi p h l i xem xet lai Thuc hien tinh than eua H i i n Phap nam 1992, d i n trudc nam 1998 chung ta cung chua cd Luat Giao due m l ehi I I ele van b i n dUdi l u l t nhu Nghj djnh, Quyet djnh eua Thu tudng Chinh phu Cd the vien dan ele Q u y l t djnh lap cac dai hpc va kem theo la cle quy c h i td chufe, hoat ddng, giao ehUe n l n g n h i l m vu cho cac ddn vi hay c l e v I n ban ve quy che ve d I o tao, che dp ddi vdi giang vien, sinh vien Vdi suphattrien manh me v l q u y md, hinh thCfe, sd lupng cac ed sd giao due dai hpc eung nhCfng yeu d u , ddi hdi thuc tien d p b i c h , t h i n g 12 nam 1998, Qude Hdi khda X d l thdng qua Luat Giao due - v I n b i n cd vj tri eao nhat sau Hien phap dieu chinh v l giao due ndi chung, d d ed g i l o due dai hpc Phai k h I n g ^ n h r i n g , L u l t G i l o due 1998 38 2.2 SUedn thiet phdi ban hdnh Luat Gido due dgi hgc TCf nhUng p h l n tich neu t r I n , de dang nhan thay ehung ta dang r i t d n p h l i day nhanh tde dd va nang eao hieu qua edng t i c lap p h l p ndi ehung, dd cd viee xay dUng va ban hanh d c l u l t cy the ddi vdi giao due n h u Luat Giao due dai hoc, Luat G i l o due mam non, L u l t N h l g i l o , L u l t b i o ve quyen va Ipi ich cua ngudi hpc.Tat nhien de lam dugc cac l u l t tren v l b i o d i m tfnh hpp hien, h c ^ phap, thdng nhat va chuan, Luat G i l o due van d n cd m o t thiet ke tong hop hon tren d c phuang dien t r i l t If, khoa hpc, thuc tien Rilng doi vdi g i l o due dai hpc thi d n tap t n j n g trf tue de sdm ban h i n h Luat G i l o due dai hpc n h I m k h I c phuc nhufng y l u kem, bat cap dang t o n tai va thuc hien dUPc muc K H G D so 69, thdng - 2011 hJqlignHiftj- Khoa hpc Glao due tilu dupc dat Chiln lUpc phat trien kinh ban ndi dung d l quy dinh lult ehung.TUOng te - x l hpl nam 2011 -2020 cCia Ding va Nghi quylt tu nhUvay, neu nhCfng npi dung nao khdng cu the 14/2005/NQ-CP cCia Chfnh phCi hdn v l bin chat ma chi ddn thuan la sCra doi d u Nhufng yeu eau can thiet Ichi xay dung chUthi khdng nhatthilt phai quy ^nh them thInh mdt dieu kholn Lult Gilo due dai hpc, chi va ban hanh Luat Giao due dai hpc nen quy djnh nhu tai Dieu - Du thIo Lult Gilo Tinh tdi thdi dilm nly, DU thIo Lult Gilo due due dai hpe (ngay 09/04/2011) dai hpc da di dupc mdt ehing dUdng dli vdi su Ndm Id, tham khIo nhieu hon nCfa y kiln ddng chuan bi kha day du va dung quy trinh, nguyin tic xay dung v l ban hanh VBQPPL eua co quan cd gdp cua cle chuyen gia gilo due, elc nha nghiin tham quyen Cac chuyen gia, d c nha nghiin eCfu eUu, cac nha quIn If gilo due cd trinh dp chuyin chuyin sau va d c ca sd giao due da dupc mdi hoae mdn cao va kinh nghiem thUc tien ve ele ndi dung l^y y kiln ddng gdp rpng rai x l hdi qua vile cu the Luat Gilo due dai hpc nhU: van d l xly edng khai npi dung dUthIo Ian tr§n eae phuong dUng djnh nghTa lap phap ve gilo due dal hpe, van tien thdng tin dai chCing Vile nhac lai nhCfng y kiln de dal hpe hai d p , van de tin gpi van bIng ddng gdp da cong bd rdng rli cua d c chuyen gia eua ngudi tot nghiip dai hpc dau nglnh la khdng can thiet, nhiln dudi gde Tdm lai, vile ban hanh Lult Gilo due dai hpe dd phlp If v l yeu eau thuc tien, thiet nghT ban soan giai doan hien II hit sUe can thilt bdi thIo nIn lUu y mdt so van di sau d l holn thien du gilo due dai hpc nude ta dang rat d n mdt hanh thao, bio dam hai hda giCfa ylu td khoa hpe va lang phlplidu manh de vUa bio dim khdng cheeh thuc tien; hudng lai vUa khuyen khfch mpi nguon luc xl hdi Mdttd, phli bio dim nguyen tac Lult Gilo due tham gia hoat ddng gilo due dai hpe Tuy thi, cung dai hpe the che hda dUdng Idi v l cle quan diem cd khdng the nIn vl sUe ep thdi gian, tien dp m l vol bin cua Dang v l cu the hda nhCfng ndi dung da vang ban hanh mot luat it tinh kha thi, chua thuc dupe quy djnh Luat Gilo due Luat Gilo due su dap dng dUpc ddi hdi thUe tien Bdi mdt vIn dai hpc nhit thiet phli dupc coi nhu luat bp phan, bin quy pham phap luat nhat khdng phli II nhlnh eua Luat Gilo due; bio dam su tham gia ylu td quylt djnh eho sU edng eua mot chCi cua toan xa hdi ddi vdi vile xly dung v l nlng cao truong, dudng Idi, nlu vlec thUe hien phlp luat chit lupng giao due dai hpc nhU tinh than dupe khdng dupe trien khai nghilm tuc va khdng dupe quy djnh tai Dilu 35, Hien phlp Viet Nam 1992 (bd gill quyet dong bd vdi nhCfng edng eu dilu ehinh x l hdi khIc sung, sira dot nIm 2001); Ha//d, tiep tuc de eao quyen tuchu, tUchju trach lAlLliU THAM KHAO nhilm glao due dai hpe va cu the hdn so vdi Hien phdp NUdc CHXH CN Viet Nam cde Luat Gilo due, bdi dly la xu t h i tat ylu cCia giao due dai hpc Viet Nam boi d n h hdi nhap qude te; 1946, 1959,1980,1992 Luat Bon hdnh vdn bdn quy pham phdp lud Ba Id, mdi quan he giufa Hdi ddng trudng (ddi vdi cac trUdng edng lap) vdi cd quan chu quIn, to ndm 2008, Ludt Ban hdnh vdn bdn quy phgm phd ludt cua HDND, UBND ndm 2004 chufe Ding cd sd glao due dai hpc cung d n Ludt Gido due 1998,2005,2009 dupc de cap rd va cu the hpn Luat Gilo due; fidn td, d n ed sU Hen thdng glCfa Lult Day nghe Bd Gilo due va Dao tao, Oedndd(md(g/do due vdi Lult Gilo due dai hpc de ngUdi tdt nghiep trung dgi hgc Viet Nam giai dogn 2006-2020, Ha Hgi, 20 cap nghl, cao ding nghe cd the tiep tuc hpe eao Bd Gilo due v l Dao tao, Kiyiu Hdi thda Quoc ding, dai hpe he thdng cac ed sd gilo due daj gia ve khoa hgc gido due Viet Nam, H^i Phong, 2Q hpc Lult Gilo due dai hpe dieu ehinh, tranh de Phan Van Kha, Gido trlnh Qudn IInhd nUdc v xly tinh trang "phln biet ddi XL("giCfa he thong dIo tao, d loai hinh gilo due dai hpc va gido due, NXB Dai hoe Qude gia HI Npl, 2007 giao due nghe nghiip deu dugc quy djnh tis Lult SUMMARY Gilo duc; The author presents the overview of the curre Ndm Id, can nghien cUu kT hpn thay ddi ndi dung ve muc tieu cua giao due dai hpe Luat legal documents on highereducation for building an Giao dye v l Lult Giao due dai hpe, bdi le ve nguyin completing the legal regulations in higher educatio tic, lult bd phan chi nIn cu the, chi tilt hdn luat management, especially the study and comments chung, ehuf khdng lam thay doi hole khae ve cd the draft Higher education taw KHGD so 69, thdng - 2011 39 ... quyen" hoat ddng thdng qua thi p h l i xem xet lai Thuc hien tinh than eua H i i n Phap nam 1992, d i n trudc nam 1998 chung ta cung chua cd Luat Giao due m l ehi I I ele van b i n dUdi l u l t nhu... dai hpe va cu the hdn so vdi Hien phdp NUdc CHXH CN Viet Nam cde Luat Gilo due, bdi dly la xu t h i tat ylu cCia giao due dai hpc Viet Nam boi d n h hdi nhap qude te; 1946, 1959,1980,1992 Luat... nhap kinh te qude te.Tuy n h i l n sau ve g/do due da/hoc (NQ,Nb cua Chinh Phu, Q u y l t hpn 20 nam trien khai thuc hien, g i l o due dai hpe dinh eua TTiu tudng chfnh phU ) van cdn n h i l u