TiM Hifu I GIAO DUC SOM HUONG TOI SU KHni MO TO CHRT CO BAN TI€M NfiNG TrU6ng OHSP Ha Ndil Tre em (TE) td 0 6 tuoi thdi ky ma bp nao phdt tr i ln nhanh nhat (khoing 9 thdng sau khi chao ddi, ti trpng[.]
TiM Hifu I GIAO DUC SOM HUONG TOI SU KHni MO TO CHRT CO BAN TI€M NfiNG TrU6ng OHSP Ha Ndil T re em (TE) t d 0-6 tuoi - thdi ky ma bp nao phdt triln nhanh nhat (khoing thdng sau chao ddi, ti trpng eua nao bd tang gap lan so vdi mdi sinh, d i n tudi tang g i p Iln, tdi - tu6i qud trinh phdt triln ciia nao bd gan bing vdi nao ngudi trudng thanh) Vi vgy, n l u cung cap eang nhilu kmh nghiem phong phii cho trg se tao edng nhieu ket ndi than kinh ldn bd nao trd, giiip t r l phdt tnen cic td chat eo b i n ndi trdi Su t i n g trudng va phit triln ciia trd dien vdi tdc dp nhanh chUa timg cd, khdng ed bat ki giai doan nao sau cd t h l sinh dupc: tre ed kha nang tiep nhan t h l gidi xung quanh, kha nang lam viec cua he than kinh tang nhanh, tre nhin thdc mdt sUvat hien tuong rat nhanh, cd nhieu bien doi ve chat, hpe duoc nhilu v i n ddng, xuit hien ngdn ngd Tre cd kha nang t i i m an vd ciing Idn, neu dUOc kich hoat trg se lam dUOc nhilu dieu ki dieu ma ngudi Idn khdng the ngd dupc: mdt tudi, trd khdng nhdng biet di ma cdn cd the trupt bang nghe thuit, hay t h i m chi biet boi trudc mdt tudi, ba tudi, tre cd the hoc tdt ba bdn ngoai ngU, doe hieu hang tram cudn sach Tuy nhidn, mdt dilu rat ddng tile la t i i m nang ciia tre mdi chf dupc khai thac khoang 3% - 10%, hOn 90% cdn lai bj lang quen Dd chinh Id sU lang phi Idn nhat cua ngudi Idn ddi vdi TE, can sdm dUpe khie phuc Nhin thdc duoc van de quan ndy, hon 40 nam qua cac giao sU, cac nha khoa hgc d nhieu qude gia trgn the gidi da cd qud trinh nghien cdu vd Ung dung ket qua nghien ciiu nham md tdi Uu cac t i i m nang ciia mpi TE The nao la giao due sdm (GDS) Con ngudi la ddng vat ed tinh than Nao la bd may ciia tri tue Chde ning bd nao dupe Engels ea ngpi la hoa dep nhat tren trai dat tudi (thai nhi) den tudi la thdi ki bp nao phdt t r i l n nhanh ehdng TrUde thdi ki bd nao phat triln, n o i l thdi kl sdm nhat eua ngUdi.d thdi ki nay, chiing ta nen danh eho tre s u l n h hudng, dan dat, bdi dudng khai p h i tiem nang, goi la GDS GDS la mdt mdn khoa hoc hilu theo y nghia nao do, cung cd the la mdt mdn khoa hoc mdi ddi, nhat ^ PhCing Du'cToan Phuang dn tuSi-Ctiiicndiiiam la giao dye (GD) td luc thai nhi den liic tuoi Song, hien nd van la mdt khoing trdng can dupe quan tdm nghidn cdu GDS la mdt loai khdch quan tdn tgi Dii ban tdn hay khdng tan thanh, thda nhdn hay khdng thda nhan, tin hay khdng tin, cha me ngUdi than, hoan einh gia dmh vd xa hdi deu tien hdnh mdt loai GD nio dd ddi vdi thai nhi, tre so sinh Do dd, GDS la GD dupc mpi ngudi tham gia va biln nhat, sd ngudi tham gia ddng nhat, Ijch sdGD dai nhat, dan giin tien Ipi nhat, dau tu t i l t kiem nhat nhung mang lai hieu q u i IPn nhat GDS theo djnh nghia ciia GS Phiing Bdc Toan - eha dg cua GDS duang daiTrung Qudc-la mdt mon khoa hgc GD mdi phat tnen Thdi ki tuoi (thai nhi) den tuoi la giai doan nao bd phat tnen nhanh nhat Tie dong, dan dat, bdi dudng, phat triln tiem nang the lUc va tri tug cho tre thdi kl dupc goi la GDS Bd la qua trinh GD td chat toan dign, bat dau tdkhi t r l nam bdo thai, khdng chi la qud trinh bdi dUdng nhdng td chat todn dien (co ban) ma edn la mdt qud trinh m i m deo, linh hogt ca ve npi dung, ke hoaeh, phuong phap vd hinh thde GD' GDS dua mue tieu GD td chat cho tre, dd chu trpng vao GD tdchdtcabdn va day eimg chinh Id dudng GD tai eua tre sau Trong nhdng giai doan khae cudc ddi, td chat eiia ngudi eung ed nhdng bieu hien khac nhau: Thdi ki bao thai ed rdc/jd'rr/em ndng; tre so sinh cd to ehdt ca ban; nhi ddng, thilu mdn vd nien cd to chdt phdt trien bdn thdn; thdi kl hlu nien va ngudi trUdng thdnh ed to chdt phdt huy Cd tieu ehuan 64 xde djnh td chat cabin: Khdng cd nd thl khdng lam dUpc nhdng edng vide cua ngudi blnh thudng (nhu khdng biet ndi hoac khdng b i l t di, khdng nhan dUOc mat chd va nhan biet sU vat ) ligt giong tdi nang (ddnh cho tri tC/0 - tu6i) NXB Lao Song - Xa h6i, H 2009 50 - / 2 21 KI^N THlJfC Cd nd rdi, t i i m nang eiia eon ngUdi dUpe p h i t triln mdt eleh todn dign vd manh me m l ft bj mai mpt Khi d l ed nhdng td chit cO bdn rdi, nhdng td c h i t eao khic cimg phdt t r i l n mdt cdeh d l d i n g , m l khdng cin ngoai lUe tdc dPng Vdy ngn nghien cdu ciia PhUang dn tuSi 6a chi td chit eo b i n 1^ ngpn ngudn cua n/idng nhdn tdi c6 t6 chdt eao Muc tieu cua GDS GDS ehii bdi dudng nhUng td ehIt ea b i n ciia trg giup trg nhdng eon ngUPi: Co t h l nang dpng, khde manh, phit triln cin ddi, ydu thich the thao, ed ehi hdnh ddng doan ehinh; td nhd t r l phdi biet hoc cdch ddng thing nhU edy tiing, ngdi vdng nhu chudng ddng, di lai ndi ndng thodi mli, tu nhien, tuyet doi khong the ngdi khdng ngdi, dufng khdng ddng, va o!i chi phli blnh thudng Bd nao ludn ludn suy nghi thieh ling nghe, quan sat, dat cau hdi, tranh luan, doc sdch, gidi edu 66, lam bai kiem tra IQ, lam nhdng thue nghiem nhd v l thil edng va khoa hoe, gidi ghi nhP, suy nghi vd lien tudng Cd niem dam me rdng khIp, ed tinh to md thieh tim hieu, hdng thu vdi viec nhan b i l t van vat, thich noi chuyen vdi mpi nguPi, ludn ed hdng thii tham gia cac loai hoat ddng, cd the ndi cUdi va cd nhdng cd chi hanh ddng tU nhien trudc mat nhdng ngUdi khae ngoai bd me Ngdn ngQ phat tnen tdt (bao gdm c l tU phdt trien ngdn ngd thj giae): ndi tron vanh rd ehd, ed chi phdng khodng, khdng so set, e ngai, thfch k l chuyen, hge thudc tho ca va dgc sach nhi ddng, thieh hoe ngdn ngd Lac quan, cd chi tien thii, hoat bat vui vg, diem tinh, dung elm, t u tin, ehuyen can, luang thign, cd tinh ddc lap, ed tinh than sang tao, cd holi bao lam viec Idn, cd xu the phat trien vdi nhdng tinh cdch ddctrUng Cd tinh than t u ehii dpc lap, thieh g i i i quyet viec ciia chinh mlnh, sin sang tU minh lam chii d i l u kign an toan Vi du nhu sau 4-5 tudi trd t u minh sap xep thdi gian hpe va choi, t u mlnh q u i n If til quan ao va tien tieu vat cua mlnh dUdi sU dpng vien va ehi dan ciia ngUpi Idn Co tam Idng ygu thuong vd nang lUc giao t i l p : kinh trpng bo me va nhdng ngudi Idn tudi, thieh ket ban, ddng elm vdi nhdng ngudi y l u dt, biet lay viec quan tam ngUPi khae lam n i l m vui cho ban thdn, thich choi vdi nguPi Idn va TE, khdng 22 lANTINGlAODUCTt/XA&TAICHUC nhlit nhit, khdng dd ki, khdng de h i i p ngudi khac nhdng eung khdng 64 bi ngddi khie de hiip Ydu lao ddng, cd tinh t h i n sing tgo, giup dd bd m^ l l m vl^c n h l , thieh l l m nhdng thi nghiem nhd v l thil cdng v l khoa hpe, ydu thidn nhidn, thudng xuydn hdi nhdng elu hdi ed lidn quan d i n thde vat, ddng v l t v l nhdng hidn tdpng tU nhidn vd xa hfii khde gidi ghi nhd v l lidn tUdng, thfch d i t elu hdL Ygu thfch t i t c l moi thd tdt dep, ygu vg dep tii nhidn, n g h | thuit, mdi trddng, hinh t h l , ngdn ngd, hdnh vi f nghia c6a GDS Chiing ta b i l t ring, t i t ci TE d i u dang hpe trUdc chiing duoc sinh Bin bd nao ciia t r l sin cd mpt n i n t i n g da dUpc xiy dung khdng chl de phat triln v l m i t t h l chit md edn v l mat nhan thdc tinh cdm v l xa hdi Cham sde tdt cho ngudi me mang thai v l trg nhd Id vigc lam r i t ein thiet eho sii tang trudng v l p h i t triln cua ndo bd Vige nudi dudng mdt dda t r l khfing don thuan Id p h i t triln sde khde the chat m l cdn phat t r i l n tdt cd v l tdm li Nhdng gl ngUdi Idn Idm eho t r l chiing chio ddi ddng vai trd quan trong viec xiy dung n i n t i n g eho viee hpe tap sau ndy.Trong nhung nam d i u ddi, tiem nang hoc ciia trg la Idn nhat, dd co hdi hoc t i p can dUpc eung cap eho TE d dp tuoi sdm n h i t ed the Ddng gop ciio GDS Id su khdng dinh viic cdn thiit phdi tgo dtfng moi trudng GD/hgc tap sdm cho mgi TE du td dgia dinh hogc trUdng mam non, ddng thdi cdn to chdc mdt logt cdc hogt ddng phong phu de khai md cdc to ehdt ca ban tiem ndng, thdc dSy stf phdt triin thi chdt, tmh than, tinh cdm vd xd hdi cua dtfa tre Su phat triln cua TE vdi nhOfng tdc dp khdng hodn todn gidng va mdi cap dp tang trudng eiia trd se la cd sd cho vide md rdng yeu cau hpe tap Do dd, ehuung trinh GDS da xde dinh rocan biet lam gi, mong dpi gi d trg so sinh, tre nhd de ehu ddng kieh thieh toi da t i i m nang nao bd eiia ngUdi d giai doan p h i t trien nhanh nhat eiia eudc ddi (giai doan tUO d i n tudi) nhim ddo tao nhdng cdng d i n Uu til ed the lUe tdt, tri tue vupt trdi, cd nhiing tfnh each, pham chit dgo ddc vd cdc ki nang sdng tdt gdp phan ndng eao t i i m luccon nguPi.VPi sUcdng hiln Idn lao cua li luan ve GDS viec khai md elc td chat t i i m nang ciia trg, GDS edng diSdc I p dyng rdng rai d nhieu qude gia tren the giPi B i l m khic bidt ciia GDS so vdi cdc quan diem GD hien Id ede ndi dung GD td chat, can sdm dUa ngdn ngd thj giac p h i t trien song song vdi ngdn ngul thinh gile Y nghTa cua nd khdng n i m P b i n than viec hpe chd, ma quan trpng hPn la n i n g cao sU ehii y, tri nhd, nang quan sit, sde tddng tddng, ning tu duy, phan biet eiia t r l , t i l n them mdt bude mP rdng tam nhin, bdi dudng thoi quen tot, tdm trang tdt, tinh cleh tdt, hpe edch hieu cudc sdng, hpe each hpe, bdi dudng hdng thu vdi saeh, thfeh tim tdi, khdm phi xiie t i l n vige ehuyen giao Chuang trinh GDS VSK theo phuong dn tuoi eho mot so trudng mam non tai eae tinh thdnh md dau tien ta TP Ho Chf Mmh Bae bigt thang 9/2011 vda qua, nhdn thde sdu sle ve sd mang dao tao the he tUOng lai ciia dat nudc, gop phan edi tao nPi gidng ngUPi Viet Nam, dng Vu Oanh, nguyen uy vidn Bd Chfnh tri Trung UOng Bdng cdng sin Viet Nam, Chii tjch Hdi cham soc, GD sUc khde efing dong Viet Nam da xue tien va chi dao viec lap Viin nghiin ctfu va GD phdt trien tiem ndng ngudi Viet Nam (tdn goi tat la IPD) Vien IPD ddi da thu hilt ddng ddo nhieu nha khoa hoc giau tam huyet cd trinh ve khoa hoc GD ndi chung, khoa hge GD mam non dau nganh ndi neng nham tnen khai nghign cdu va dng dung GDS cho moi TE tren pham vi toan qudc BUdc dau Vien da td chdc cac hoi thao khoa hgc va hpp tac vdi Vien nghien cdu GDS Chau A - Thai Blnh DUong hpp tac trao ddi chia se cimg mpt so chuyen gia GDS eiia mpt so nudc tren the gidi Hien tai Vien dang trien khai ke hoach dUa Nhan thay tam quan trpng ciia GDS doi vdi ddo tao chuong trinh GDS vao trudng mam non thudc trUdng nhan tai tUdng lai cho dat nUdc, Viin nghiin ctfu GD THPT Ddng Bd (Ha Npi) va dang xiic tien hpp tac vdi tre thdng minh sdm Viet Nam (Vicer) da hpp tac vdi GS TrUdng mam non qudc te Viet - My - Uc tai TR Hd Chi Phiing Ddc Toan - Vien trUdng Viin nghiin ctfu phat Minh trien khai chuong trinh GDS trien tiem ndng TE Phung Dtfc Todn - triln khai DU an hpp tac phit trien GD 1.000 tre Viet Nam thdng minh, GD thPi kl sdm hay GD tre thdng minh sPm la mpt ITnh tai nang, dudi sU ho tro ciia cdc chuyen gla dau nganh vuc GD cdn mdi me d Viet Nam nhUng chac chan no se ve GD mam non, chuyen gia ve GD tre thdng minh la xu the manh me thPi gian tdi, dieu kien KT sdm eiia Viet Nam va Trung Qude Tai Ha Ndi, Trudng -XHnUdctacang cang nang cao Van de ddi mam non VSK(Xr\ic thudc Vien Vieer va tap doan VSK hdi cac nha nghien cdu, cac nha quan li GD can quan Group) la trudng dau tien thUc nghiem mo hinh GD tre tam vacd dinh hudng nghien cdu deViet Nam cung cd thdng minh sPm Hudng phat trien eua mo hinh la phdi nhdng ket qua nghien cdu, phat tnen va dp dung GDS hop tam giae GD: Nha trUdng - Gia dmh - Chuyen gia theo kip sUtien bo iinh vUc phat trien eiia the (Vien nghien cdu) Sau hon nam trien khai, trudng da gidi nham tao nhdng the he ngUdi Viet Nam tai cd gan 120 ehau theo hgc va dat duoc cac k i t qua rat nang, dap dng yeu cau phat trien dat nUdc the ki XXI O dang tran trpng Hien tai, VSK Group va Vien Vicer dang Van de ap dung CDS d Viet Nam hidn Theo ehung tdi, ap dung GDS chinh la mdt huPng tiep edn mdi GD mam non PViet Nam hien nay, md cd hdi mdi mang lai Ipi ich t h i l t thUc cho trg va den thPi diem nd da dat duoc nhdng ket q u i ding tran trpng' Rat nhieu gia dmh d Viet Nam, tren moi vimg mien da tiep can vdi bd saeh Dgy tre thong minh sdm eiia tac g i l Glen Doma, bd sdch Phuang dn tuoi ciia GS Phimg BUcToan va dp dyng GD cho minh Ket qua cho thay, cdc tre da dat dUpe ket q u i ndi trdi so vdi cdcTE ciing Ida Clu lac bd Pe-elup dupe dPi tai Ha Ndi chinh nhu eau can sU hpp tae ehia se kiln thdc kmh nghiem ciia eae ba me, dng bd Ap dyng li luan GDS dang mang lai nhCfng y nghia to Idn viec GD trd thdi kl sdm ' lis DClcVan Phuang dnO tuoi-mot hi/dng tiep can mdi gido due mdm non d Viet Nam Tap chi Giao due so 259; ki 1-4/2011; tr 23-25 S6 34-9/2012 23 ... Phiing Ddc Toan - Vien trUdng Viin nghiin ctfu phat Minh trien khai chuong trinh GDS trien tiem ndng TE Phung Dtfc Todn - triln khai DU an hpp tac phit trien GD 1.000 tre Viet Nam thdng minh,... sdng tdt gdp phan ndng eao t i i m luccon nguPi.VPi sUcdng hiln Idn lao cua li luan ve GDS viec khai md elc td chat t i i m nang ciia trg, GDS edng diSdc I p dyng rdng rai d nhieu qude gia tren... giau tam huyet cd trinh ve khoa hoc GD ndi chung, khoa hge GD mam non dau nganh ndi neng nham tnen khai nghign cdu va dng dung GDS cho moi TE tren pham vi toan qudc BUdc dau Vien da td chdc cac hoi