KHOk HOC KINH T E I A QUAN Lt N G A H H M 6 ^ ^ "̂ OUnN LV KHni THAC VD SIT HORT DONG HI€U QUA CUA MO LO THIEN KHAI THAC DA VAT UEU XAY DUNG HirdNG T 6 I SV PHAT TRIEN BEN VCXG GS TS TRAN MANH XUAN Tn[.]
KHOk HOC KINH T E I A QUAN Lt N G A H H M _ ^ ^ "^OUnN LV KHni THAC VD SIT HORT DONG HI€U QUA CUA MO LO THIEN KHAI THAC DA VAT UEU XAY DUNG HirdNG T I SV PHAT TRIEN BEN VCXG GS.TS TRAN MANH XUAN - TnmngDaihgc Mo-Dja chat NCS HOANG CAO PHUONG - Tong cue Dfa chat va Khoang san D i t dai vd khoang san cfi ich Id nhdng tdi nguyfn qu^ gia nhdt cua ddt nudc va Id dfng Iyc 6% phdt triln kinh t l cua mdt qufic gia, Vifc khai thde khoang san bdng phuang phdp If thifn cfi lien quan tryc tilp din vifc su dgng dit dai dung df tfi chuc md va cae ddi tugng khdc cfi lien quan Theo kit qua dilu tra, dja chit va tham dd khodng san cho thay, Viet Nam Id qudc gia cfi tifm ndng ldn v l dd Idm vgt lifu xdy dung vdi tdng tifm ndng tdi nguyen da vdi la 1.754 ty tin, df dd vfl d l san xuit xi mdng dd dugc khao sat, tham dd cfi trO Iugng 44.738 trieu tin, dolfimlt 2.800 trifu tdn, dd Ip Idt vd dd granit co triJ Iugng 37,590 trieu m^ Dya vdo ngufin tai nguyfn dd Idm vat lieu xay dyng da dgng vd phong phu nfu trfn, nhOng nam vO'a qua, nganh cong nghifp khai thde dd tdm vdt lifu xdy dung da duge ddu tu vd phdt triln mgnh me, khfing nhu'ng dap ung dugc nhu cau su dgng nudc ma cdn xuit khdu mpt so nudc trfn t h i gidi, Hogt dgng khai thdc dd Idm vft lifu xdy dyng cung da tao cong vifc tam va thu nhfp f n djnh cho mft bf phan tao dgng, df hlu hit Id tao ddng ndng thfin, lao dpng d nhO'ng dja phuang co dilu kifn kinh t l khd khdn; gfip phdn thyc hien chinh sdch xda dfii, gidm nghf cua Bang vd Nha nudc Bdo cdo v l kit qua kiem tra, rd sodt hfi sa gidy phfp hogt dfng khodng san va kilm tra hogt dfing khai thdc khodng san tgi cde tinh, thdnh phfi true thufc trung uang Bf Tai nguyen vd Mfi trudng thyc hifn cdc ndm tu 2011 dfn ndm 2012 yd ting hgp bdo cdo cua edc tinh, thdnh phd cho thiy k5 thuft khai thde dd, cfing tdc quan ly nhd nudc v l khodng san cOng nhu hogt dfng khoang san cdn nhilu thilu sft, bat of p Vi vgy, vife nghifn ciju cdc giai phdp cfng nghf vd quan ly nhdm phdt triln bin vQ'ng edc mo khai thdc da vgt lifu xdy dyng d Viet Nam Id mft yeu cdu quan trpng qua trinh phat triln va hdi nhdp cua nganh cdng nghifp Mgt sd vdn d f v f m i l quan he gitra cdng tac quan Iy va SLP hoat ddng cd hifu qua cua md Id thifn khai thdc da tam vat lifu xay dyng 1.1 Cac yeu cau di phat trien ben virng • Khai thdc vd su dung cfi hifu qua tai nguyen khoang san; • Sii dgng It nhit difn tieh dit phue vu true tilp cho cong tdc khai thdc cung nhu cae khau phg trp; • Bao ve mfii trudng, giam din mdc tfii da anh huang cua khai thac mo din mfii trudng xung quanh dam bao cdc chi tieu mfii trufi'ng khu vyc theo quy dinh, tgo dilu kifn thudn lgi d l khoi phgc tai mfii trudng sau kit thuc khai thdc; • Tuyft dfl dam bao an todn eho ngudi lao dfing hogt dpng khai thac va c h l biln khoang sdn; •:• Dam bao san xudt cfi Idi, cd dfing gfip cho dja phuang nai cfi mo d l gfip phdn cat thifn ddi sfing tinh thdn va vdt chdt cho nhdn ddn ban dja; •:• Hodn thdnh ddy du cac nghTa vg cua doanh nghiep dfii vdl Nhd nudc 1.2 Ngi dung cdng tac quan ly hoat dgng khai thac khoang san • Cfing tdc cdp mo: Cap Giiy phep tham dd khoang san, Glly phep khai thac khoang san (cfi thf thdng qua hinh thuc diu gia quyen khai thac khodng san hay khdng ddu gia quyln khai thdc khodng san); • Clp dit: Dung d l t l chuc md vd cdc cfing dogn phg trg phgc vg khai thdc vd c h l biln khodng san (thdng qga hgp ding Oiuf dit); • Thanh tra, kilm tra hogt dfng thdm dd, khai CONG NGHIEP MO SO 5-2014 BO KHOA HOC KINH TE VA QUAN i t NGANH MO thSc vS bao v# tai nguySn Ishoang san; •:• K i l m tra viae t h u c hien cac tieu clii bao ve moi tri/ong ban OTIVI hoac cam l(§t bao ve moi t r u o n g ; •:• K i l m tra viec tuSn thu cac quy trinh 1(9 thuat i ty kjp thdi; • Giai doan thu' hai - Giai dogn san xudt binti thudng cua md: Cfing tac tra, kifm tra hogt dfng khai thac cua mo cfi tinh chdt tfng hgp ho|c ehuyen nganh cac ngdnh: Tdi nguyfn vd IWoi trudng, Xay dyng, Lao dfng Thuang binh vd Xa hfii dam nhifm • Giai doan thu ba - Giai dogn kit thiic khai thde md: Kilm tra tinh hinh khfi phgc mfii trudng sau kit thuc khai thdc theo d l xuit ban dau ban thift ke ca sd, thilt k l mo, cac bien phap khdi phuc mfii trufi'ng mdi phii hgp vdi dja hinh vA hodn canh mdi cua khu vuc da khai thde Nhdm dam bao cfing tdc tra, kilm tra tien hdnh dugc thuan lgi, to chuc bfi may gpn nhg, cin nghien cuu xdy dyng hinh thuc kilm tra theo "Bang kilm tra" d l cde tieu ehi ehu yeu cdn kilm tra vdi edu tra 16'i cd trdch nhifm cua chu diu tu ghi cac fi "cd" va "khdng" Cae chu mo ty minh xem xet vd diln vao "Bang kilm tra" nhu 1^ hinh thifc tu kilm tra vd gui "Bang kilm tra" len cdp cfi thdm quyln qua tifng thdi ky theo quy djnh Bf phan^ kifm tra cd trdch nhifm xem xet cdc "Bang kilm tra" qua dd nam dugc tinh hinh ho?t dfng cua cae ca sd vd tiln hanh cde dgt kilm tra dot xudt nhdm dua nhO'ng nhgn djnh vd hudng dilu chinh kjp thdi giiip cho cdc ea sd san xuat hgn ehl nhii'ng sal sfit, dam bao sy phdt triln bin viVng dli vdi ngdnh khai thde va san xudt dd lam vat lieu xay dung cua ddt nudc c) Xay dyng chinh sach chung ve khai thic va che bien da lam vat lieu xay dyng Nhirng chinh sach edn hudng tdi: • Khuyin khich cdc td chipc, cd nhdn c6 nguyen vpng tham gia hogt ddng ITnh vyc khai thac dd Iam vdt lifu theo hudng "tdng eudng sue manh" d l eo thf quan ly hogt dfng cac mo dd cfi cdng suit tuang d l l tdn, cfing nghf khai thdc tien tifn dam bao an todn, bao vf mfi trudng, t|n KHM HOC KINH T £ VA QUAN Lt NSAHH M dgng cd hifu qua tdi nguyfn khodng san dugc clp; • Dam bao hdi hda Igi ich cua doanh nghifp md, nha nudc vd dan d dja phuang nai cd md khai thdc nguon Igi cua qudc gia nhd nudc quan Iy Kft lugn Tif Lugt Khodng san, Ludt Ddt dai va Luft Bao vf mfi trudng, Lugt Tdi nguyen nudc ddi, mfli quan hf giua cfng tdc quan Iy vd ddi tugng dugc quan Iy hogt dfing khai thdc cdc md dd tdm vat lifu xdy dyng ngdy cang chat ehe han vd cung ngdy cang phue tgp sy tdc dfing qua tgi giua cde van ban lugt, khong logi tru kha ndng ed su xung dft lin giua vin d l cap difn tich mo theo ranh gidi tru lugng huy dfing va khai thac vdi vifc clp ddt cho hogt dfng san xudt cua md nhu da nfu tren Hoat ddng cua ede mo khai thdc khodng san dd cd cdc md khoang san ldm vft lifu xay dyng chju sy chi phfi eua nhifu vdn ban lugt, dfi mfii quan he phuc tap nhit dang xay Id dilu kifn vd thu tgc cap gidy phep khai thdc cung nhu kha nang kilm soat eua cdc ca quan cf thdm quyln dfii vdi cdc hogt dpng khai thdc mo, Mfii quan hf dfi can nghien CLFU giai quylt theo hudng: • Cf ca chf phli hgp ed hifu qua giu'a trung uang vd dja phuang vifc tgo dilu kifn thufn Igi d l cdc nhdn va t l chdc cfi du dieu kifn dugc tham gia hoat dpng ITnh vue thdm dd vd khai thdc khoang san dd cd dd Idm vat lifu xdy dyng; • Cin nghien ciru vd dua vdo dp dyng hinh thirc "Ty kiem tra" hogt dfng cua edc md bdng "Bang kilm tra" kit hgp vdi kilrn tra dft xudt cua cdc ca quan cd tham quyen nhdm kilm sodt cho duge ho'gt dfng khai thde mo, d|c bift ddi vdi cdc mo khai thdc dd xdy dyng; •:• Xem xft b l sung d l tdi nghien cieu clp Bp nhim nhim khdng dinh hogc phu djnh cdng nghf khai thdc "cdt ting nho ehuyin tdi bing n l min" Thyc chit cfing nghf ndy khfing tfin tgi tren thye t l md biln tudng thdnh phuang phdp khai thde thudng gpi Id "khdu ty do" gdy nguy hilm va mdt an todn cho ngudi lao dfng dang diln phd biln khdp cdc d\a phuang d mien Bac vd miln Trung; • Cin ed quy djnh ddc bift bdng Thfing tu Bf hay lifn Bf vf dilu kifn khai thdc dd vgt lifu xdy dyng quy md nhd vd rat nho trfn ea sd khfing lift cdc d l i tugng ndy vdo logi hinh "md If thifn" B l khai thdc cdc diem mo ndy cd t h i khfing cin cf thilt k l nhung phai bao dam edc dieu kifn v l an todn cho khu vyc khai thac, cho cong nhdn Idm vifc.n _^J|| TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Bp Tdi nguyen vd Mfii trudng (2009), Bao cao kit qua tdng kiem tra tinh hinh thyc hien cdng tdc quan \^ nhd nudc v l khodng san va hogt dpng khodng san Bfi Tai nguyen vd Mfii trudng (2012), Bdo edo kit qua tfing kifm tra cdng tac quan Iy nhd nude vf khodng san vd hogt dfing khai thde khodng san lam vft lifu xdy dyng Bfi Tdi nguyen vd Mfi trufi'ng (2010), Bdo eao tdng kit 13 nam thi hdnh Lugt Khoang san Bf Xay dyng (2008), Quy hogch thdm dfi, khai thdc, chl biln va su dung khoang san Iam vat lifu xdy dyng o' Vift Nam din ndm 2020, Cgc Dja chdt va Khodng san Vift Nam (2009), Oja chit va Tai nggyen Viet Nam, Nhd xudt ban Khoa hpc ty nhien vd Cdng nghf Thu tudng Chinh phu (2008), Quy hogch thdm dd, khai thde, e h l biln va su dgng khodng san Idm vdt lifu xdy dung d Viet Nam d i n nam 2020 Ngirai bien t$p: Ho 37 Giao Khfng ty cho minh Id thfng minh chlnh Id thfng minh Ng^n ngOAnh Tri tuf cOa ngud-l n l u khfng dCing d i n sf bj khf hfo Da Vinci Tifu chl d6ng tin cCia tri tuf chlnh Id cd t h i phdt hifn k^ tich binh thuf-ng Emerson Con ngyf'i biln thdnh thfng minh hodn todn khflng phdl nhf- vdo kinh nghifm, md Id (nhd- vdo) ndng Iyc d l l phd vi/\ klnh nghifm, \Bernard Shaw V VTHswutdmJ CONBNGHl(PMd8tiB-2014 ... l khai thac; •:• Gidy p h e p khai t h d c d u g c edp khdng c f Dv an ddu t u va t h i f t k f c a s d , c h i quy djnh thai gian khai thae v d k h f i l u g n g k h o d n g san dufifC phep khai. .. bi cung nhu cfng nghf d l tfi chuc mdt khai trudng khai thdc dung vdi nghTa la mft md If thien Khai thac bua bdi, khfing tudn thu cac quy tie an todn v l khai thac mo mft phdn Id trdch nhiem eua... san dugc khai thdc; dia dilm va pham vi khai thae; eong nghf khai thac va dfing bfi thilt bj dy dmh ap dung, san tugng mo, thdi gian tfin tai cua mo, tru lugng khodng san xin clp phep khai thac;