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U I.UAM • l A o auc • oyr H » C GIAO DUC HOA NHAP CHO TRE EM 61 iNH HudNG Qcn wv/moi O Q PGS TS N G U Y E N V A N C U - ThS P H A M V A N TIT u>4n du9C di hqc, duqc lllp cQn vdi gido dvc cOa tri em ndl chung vd cOo tri b| dnh hudng bdl HIV/AIDS ndl rISng du?c nhd nude to dOc bl^l quon Idm K l hoqch hdnh d$ng quic gla v l I r l dnh hudng bdl HIV/AIDS d i n 2010 yd Idm nhIn 2020 cOo B$ Loo d$ng • Thuong binh vd Xa h$l dd nhCfn mqnh Idl quyen duqc dl hqc cOo nhdm Ir* ndy (1) Tuy nhlin, irln iht/c l l IT* bj dnh hudng bdi HIV/AIDS lh«l khd cd i h l duqc iheo hqc cdc Idp hqc cOng vdl H khdng bj nhllm HIV Phy huynh hqc sinh |HS) khdng chdp nh$n vl$c cho cdl hq hqc cCing vdl nhOng i r l em ndy mj^c du bill Idm nhu v ^ Id vi phqm phdp luql (2) Hq sdn sdng cho ihdl hqc nlu kSp cdn cd i r l bj dnh hudng bdl HIV/AIDS Dd Id mdt Irong nhOng hdnh d^ng gdy si>c I p Idn d l i vdi ngdnh gido di/c irong vi§c phil hqp nh&m ddm bdo v l ^ gido dvc hod nhqp (GDHN) cho h-l b| dnh hudng bdi HIV nudl dudng hoy bdo h-q Ddnh gld v l mOc dd duqc dl hqc cOa nhdm trd cd HIV, nhdn t h ^ , cdc em chO y l u dang hqc d bdc mfiu gido, hlu hqc vd THCS (theo ddnh gld cOo nhOng cdn bd ^ a phuong, G V vd ngudi chdm sdc ) Nhdm t ^ nhd khdng duqc dl hqc d nhd h^ vd mfiu gido rdt coo (74,2% vd 47%), cd t h i vl cdc em cdn rdt nhd, dang d cOng cha m?, ngudi thdn vd d cdc trung tdm nudl dudng ndn chua cd nhu edu d i n trudng di hqc Trd nhiSm HIV vOa hqc vOa phdi c ^ n g ehql vdl bdnh tdt, thdm chf bj h> vong dong theo hqc, dd, cdc em khdng cd co hdi duqc theo hqc d cdc cdp, bdc hqc cao hon bqc tllu hqc vd THCS NhOng trd nhllm HIV dang duqc dl hqc thi Iql gdp tinh h-qng bj ddl xO phdn bl$t hodc phdi gldu Hnh trqng bdnh cuo minh d l cd oo hdl duqc hqc tdp- Khi duqc hdi «TI 1$ h^d em nhilm HIV duqe d i n trudng d mOc dd nhu t h i ndo?", 55,d% Thi/c Irqng G D H N cho I r l bj dnh hirdng V kiln eOo cdn bd dfa phuong, G V , nhdn ^dn xS hdl vd ngudi chdm sdc trd h;il cdc trur>g tdm cho bdi H I V / A I D S Chung 161 da dllu tro 400 I I I (100 M / t i n h l bj rdng h^ nhilm HIV duqc hqc tdp binh thudng dnh hudng bdi HIV/AIDS iql Knh (Hd N a i , nhu nhOng h'd khdc, 15,9% cho rdng trd nhllm H Qudng Ninh, Thdi Binh vd Thdi Nguyin), Irong duqc d i n trudng chlim mdt K 1$ nhd so vdl nhu dd cd 200 I r l nhllm HIV vd 200 i r l cd nguy co cdu thyc Nhu vdy, ngudi Idn nhdn thdy nhu d u coo, bj dnh hudng bdlHIVcung200 cdn b*, gido hqc tdp cOa trd cd HIV, nhung nhu cdu dd Iqi khdng duqc ddp Ong vlln (GV), nhdn vlin xB h^i Iql Hnh ndl Irln Quo khdo sdl, 93% I r i nhllm HIV ndl r i n g Ddng luu ^ Id cd rd't nhilu h-d nhilm HIV duqc cdc em cd duqc dl hqc vd 7% ndl khdng duqc dl d i n hudng vl hudng hqc hodc cdc phy huynh hqc Trong 93% I r l duqc dl hqc, nhdm iu^i nhd cOo trd khde khdng bllt tinh hqng bdnh cOa cdc I r l , m5u gido chlim 3,2%, b^c lliu hqc chlim em Vide gldu d i l m nhu Id mdt sy ddl phd «hqp d3,5% (Idp 1:11,3%, kip 2:4,8%, kSp 3:17,2%, If" vdi trudng hqc vd cdc bdc phy huynh song k?l kip 4:19,4%, kip 5: 10, 8%), b^c THCS chlim tllm dn rdt nhllu nguy cer cdc em khdng duqc 33,4% (Idp d: ld,7%, kSp : , % , k>p 8: 2,7% thdy ed bllt d l quon tdm, chdm sdc, h> dd bdnh vd Idp 9: 3,8%) d6y, 111$ 93% I r i nhiSm HIV Hnh ngdy cdng ndng hem; khd ndng Idy nhilm duqc dl hqc boo g i m cd hqc d trudng vd cdc song HS khdcTd rdt cao nlu khdng ed cdc blln trung Idm bdo trq, hqc d nhd Nhu i h l , sS cd m j t phdp dy phdng dOng cdch bd phqn t r i nhllm HIV khdng duqc d i n trudng md dang phdi hoc d nhd hodc d cdc trung tarn 'TnSnilfikQcsirpMMHAN^i Tap chifilaodue s6 cfa a - 4/aon) v l noi hqc tdp cOo cdc em nhiSm HIV: 58,1 % h'd cd H duqc hqc d trudng, 41,9% hqc d ede Idm nudl dudng, tdm bdo hqf xd hdl vd hqc d nhd Oi ddp ung nhu cdu hqc hod nhdp rdt Idn cOo trd cd H, gldl phdp khd tdt cuo mdt so h'ung tdm d cdc djo phuong Id td chuc Idp hqc hodc cdc k ^ ghdp Sd h'd ed HIV hqc d tdm nudl dudng hodc bdo h'q xd hdl vl t h i rdt ddng Tuy nhldn, hqc d tdm hodc d nhd, h i s8 khdng ed d i l u kl^n vd mdl hudng tdt nhu d hudng, khdng cd co hdl hod nhdp vdl nhOng h-d binh thudng khde Nhu cdu hqc tdp cOa trd n h l l m HIV Khi duqc hdi v l «mong mudn duqc din trudng nhu nhung h i khde", 90,2% trd nhllm HIV d i u rd't mudn duqc d i n trudng di hqc binh thudng nhu nhung tri em khde, chl cd 9,8% Id khdr>g cd nhu edu hqc tdp, d ^ I n ^ Khdo sdt cho thdy, 74,5% cdn bd vd 92% h i nhllm HIV ddng Nnh vdl v l ^ trd nhllm HIV cd quyIn duqe d i n hudng, hqc hod nhdp Nhu cdu vd thdi dq ung hd t r i cd HIV duqc din hudng rd rdng rdt kSri, Id dilu k l ^ tdt d l nhOng h i ndy cd co hdi d i n trudng, hqc hod nhdp vdi nhOng trd binh thudng khdc T h i nhung, thye t l hi$n v i ^ ndy rdt khd khdn vd gdp nhllu trd ngqi M d t sd^ khd khdn, trd ngqi d i n iTudng cOa t r i nhllm HIV Kit qud dilu ho 200 h i nhiem HIV vd 200 cdn bd djo phuong, GV, nhdn vidn xd hdl vd ngudi chdm sdc h i v l nhOng khd khdn, trd ngqi cdc em di hqc hod nhdp cho thaty khd khdn nhdt ddl vdl ede em Id bf bgn bi chegliu, hriu choc, xa Idnh, khdng dioi eOng Trd cd HIV bj ed Idp bqn b i khdng eho tham gio hoqt ddng chung, mdt sd h'd cdn bj tdn cdng vd ddnh ddp (d2% t r i duqc hdl dd gdp phdl vd d8,5% y kiln cOo ngudi Idn nhdn t h ^ d i e u ndy) Nguyen nhdn Id nhOng hri binh thudng chua cd sy nhqn thOe dOng v l HIV/AIDS ndn cdc em khdng mudn chol cOng bqn bj H vl sq Idy nhllm Nhung h i ndy cdn nghT rdng «ai bj nhllm HIV Id xd'u, b d m ^ cOo bqn nghldn ma tw^, ndn bllt bqn nhllm HIV thi Idp h>c xa k^nh, c h l gieu" [)o vdy, d l l ^ c phvic Hnh hong ndy, nhd trudng, cdc thdy cd gido cdn ndng cao nhdn thOe v l HIV cho tdt cd cdc em HS, d l mql h'd d i u cd t h i sdng vd hqc tdp hod nhdp Khd khdn nOo cOo t r i nhilm HIV Id cdc em b! sq phdn dd'l cua phif huynh HS % t r i Tgp dli Blip due s6 Od a - 4/aoia> nhilm HIV vd d7,5% >- kiln cOo ngudi Idn cho rdng phy huynh HS phdn ddl vi lo sq Idm Idy truyln binh cho eon cOo hq D l l u ndy xdy d tdt ed cdc cdp, bdc hqc tO nhd trd, mfiu gido eho d i n THCS Trdn thyc t l , ed khodng 80-90% phy huynh khdng mudn eon em minh hqc eOng vdi trd cd HIV Phdn Idn cdc ^ kiln cOo trd (47% y kiln) vd eOo ngudi Idn [55% jr kiln) d i u cho rdng Idii d i n hudng h^d nhllm HIV khdng duqc M trq h?o dliu kl$n hqc t^p tq\ h-udng, thilu cdc thilt bj y t l cdn thilt d l chdm sdc t r i Ddy cOng Id khd khdn khdng chT ddl vdi t r i md cdn ddi vdi cd nhd h-udng, GV Do eo sd vdt chdt, thilt bj y t l d cdc trudng hqc cdn thilu thdn, khdng cd ede dyng cy ehuydn bi$t d l chdm sdc cho trd nhllm HIV Mdt sd ft y kiln cOa ngudi Idn cho rdng GV ngqi Hip xue vd It quan tdm din hi nhlSm HIV (29,5% •/ kiln) Dilu ndy chfnh cdc em Iql khdng nhdn t h ^ Cd thi cdc em hn vdo nhOng GV, ngudi chdm sdc minh vd nghT rdng hq ludn ludn gdn gOI Nhung, trdn thyc t l , vdn ed mqt sdGV e dd, khdng mudn Hip xOc vdi h i cd HIV, h> dd dnh hudng din tv h/dng vd thdi dd cOo cdc HS vdl h'd cdHJV Ngodi ro, h i nhilm HIV cdn gdp khd khdn frong hqc i^p Cdc em h/ nhdn t h ^ lye hqc cuo minh kdm hon so vdi cdc bqn Idp Cd t h i nhdn t h ^ , vdn d l ndy chfnh Id h$ qud 10 nhOng h'd ngqi trdn Cdm gldc tq h, m^c edm bj cdc bqn, ngudi Idn xa Idnh, cdng vdl sue d l khdng vd khd ndng mlln djch cOa eo t h i kdm dd dnh hudng xdu d i n sue khod vd khd ndng hqe tdp cua chfnh cdc em Nguydn nhdn khiln h i nhllm HIV gdp khd khdn trd ngqi di hqc Quo khdo sdt 200 h i cd HIV vd 200 cdn bd, ngudt Idn v l nguydn nhdn h i nhiSm HIVgdpnhOng hd ngqi w n hudng, kit qud thu duqc sou: - 70,5% y kiln cua ngudi kS-n vd 82,5% trd nhllm HIV d i u eho rdng phy huynh khdng mudn eho eon cdl hq hqc cOng h'd nhllm HIV - Bqn bd XO Idnh, trdu ehqc cung Id nguydn nhdn khiln cdc em khdng mudn d i n trudng, vl ede em edm t h ^ hji thdn vd m^c odm Ddy cung Id trd ngqi tdm If ddl vdl h i nhilm HIV dl hqc • d0,5% cdn bd vd 40% h-d nhllm HIV nhdn t h ^ sue khde cOa h i khdng tdt (dm ylu) ndn khdng t h i d i n Idp hqe Nhu dd bllt, t r i nhilm HIV sd mdc mdt sd b^nh thudng gdp nhu sdt, ho, vidm hqng, tidu ehdy, dau byng, ngOo khiln h'd khdng thom gio hqc duqc - Hl^n nay, v l ^ thyc thi ludt phdng chdng HIV/ AIDS cdn hqn c h l 28,5% ngudi k5n vd 38% trd nhllm H nhdn thdy dllu ndy Id If khiln ede em khdng duqe t\ip nhdn d i n trudng d l hqc tdp - 25% h-d nhllm HIV eho rdng, nhd trudng, thdy hi|u trudng khdng mudn nhdn cdc em ddn Idp vOo vl dp lye cOo cdc phy huynh HS khdc, vOa k) sq cdc em si Idy nhllm b$nh d i n cdc bqn - GV khdng bllt cdch chdm sdc cho nhOng t r i ed HIV: 33% y kiln cua ngudi Idn vd 15% cdc em nhllm HIV dio rdng G V cOng kl thj, xo Idnh, khdng bllt edeh chdm sdc cdc em - Ngodi ra, chfnh quyIn djo phuong khdng cho phdp, cdc CO quon ban ngdnh vfin chuo noqnn m i vdo eudc eOng Id nguydn nhdn Idm cho cdc em chua duqe d ^ hudng NhOng nguydn nhdn h-dn bdt ngudn h> nhdn thOc v l HIV/AIDS Phdn kSn ngudi ddn hong cdng ddng, cdc bdc phy huynh chuo hilu v l edn bdnh ndy, sy Idy trvyin vd cdc edeh phdng h-dnh, ndn hq ed thdi dd kl thj, xa k^nh nhOng ngudi cd HIV ndi chung vd trd em cd HIV ndi rldng Cdn nhOng ngudi duqc trang bl kiln thuc vd kr ndng phdng trdnh, chdm sdc ngudi cd HIV thi cd sy hllu hm vd khdng cdn thdi dd phdn bl$t, kl ihj ddi vdi Hoan tlilen ki nang glao tiep nhdm h'd nhllm HIV Khi duqe hdi, phdn Idn cdc thdnh vidn cOa nhdm dilu h-o d i u cho phip em minh hqc tdp binh thudng vdl t r i cd HIV (33% cdn bd) vd ddn dd em cdn thdn Hip xOe vdl nhOng h^i dd (58% edn bd)- Tuy cd sy hllu bllt vd ed h-inh dd, nhung eOng cd mdt sd ngudi ydu cdu em phdl h'dnh xa h-i nhilm HIV (3,5%), cOng nhu chuyin Idp khdng cho em hqc cOng vdi t r i dd (1,5%) vd ydu cdu nhd trudng khdng cho h i dd hqe Hip (4%) D l I r i b| dnh hudng bdl HIV/AIDS duqc GDHN vd cd CO hdl hqc tdp, phdt h-iln ddl hdl Ddng, Nhd nude, Bd GD-DT vd cdc ban, ngdnh dodn t h i xd hdl cOng nhu todn bd cdng ddng nd lye ddu tranh, chung toy gdp sue • (1) BO Lao dOng - Thuong binh v^ Xa hOi "Ki bo^ch h&nh ddng quic gia vi tre em bj anh hudng bdi HtV/ AIDS d^n nfim 2010 vi tim nhin 2020" 2009 (2) Td Thu m Tim hilu La#t Piling, chlng nlillm vims gfly h^i chihig say giim tniSii dfch m^c phil d nguM (HIV - AIDS) NXB Lao mg, H 2007 Tdi li$u tliam khao Vu Ngi?c Binh Gidi tliifii CAng ui^c cia Lidn hfp quic v^ quyin trd em NXB CMnh tri quic gia, H 2007 Phai Men ki nang glao Uqi (Tlip theo hong 21) (Tlip theo trang 23) Tdi U$n tham Ichio Khdng Di§n Dfin s6 vd dfin s i t$c ngudi d Vift fiam.tiXB Khoa hqc xah^i.H 1995 Nguyin Tuin Dung - Dl Minh Hqp Tilrdiln qudn U xS li$L NXB Dqi hqc qu6c gia Hd N^i 2002 NguySn Trqng Di^u (chu biSn) Qudn trf nguin nlifin lye qnan bl^ giao ti^p vd m$t s i ki nfing Iftnh dfo t l c h ^ (t$p 2) NXB Chinh tri quic gia, H 2003 NguySn Ngqc HiSn.TUlt id clminig trinhtfdotyo qudn li nhd mi6c trdn cv sd* nfing iyc d Vift Nam hi$n NXB Chmh tri qu6c gia, H 2006 ddu cdu chuy$n', hoy « b ^ / ) A> mlir}g vdo, hqa h> ml$ng rcT • vl vdy, d o i ^ hqc t$p nhd hudng phd thdng, HS cdn rin luyfn d^ ed dvqc mdt kr ndng GT phO hqp qud hinh hodn thi$n bdn ihdn, dd cung Id y l u tdquan hqng cho sy thdnh cdng eOa cdc em hong tuong b l (1) HiChiMinh Todn t|p (i||) I, tr.263) NXB CAihA tri quic gia, H 2002 Tdi U^ithun khdo Nguyin Quang u£n (chu biSn) Giio trinh tflm ii I19C dfi cuung NXB £>qi hqc suphqm, H 2007 SUMMARY Huynh Vin Son (chu biSn) Ki nfing giao tlip NXB me article discusses me designing of sylkOius and7W.TP Hi Chi Minh, 2011 ImpiementkigttiehctirWrgofcomrmjnicationsi^toi Huynh Vfin Son (chu biSn) Tfim li h^c giao tilp commurm officers in mountainous areas In Bac Kan NXB Dqi hqc suphqm, TP Hi Chi Minh, 2011 province In order to overcome their shortcomings In T.Harv Eker Bi quylt tv cia nhihig ngudi communication sidlls In grass-root administrative gidu ci NXB Tri, TP Hi Chi Minh 2011 marKigement Tap dli Blip due $6 284 ort a - 4/MU) ... cdu em phdl h''dnh xa h-i nhilm HIV (3,5%), cOng nhu chuyin Idp khdng cho em hqc cOng vdi t r i dd (1,5%) vd ydu cdu nhd trudng khdng cho h i dd hqe Hip (4%) D l I r i b| dnh hudng bdl HIV/ AIDS. .. chdm sdc cho trd nhllm HIV Mdt sd ft y kiln cOa ngudi Idn cho rdng GV ngqi Hip xue vd It quan tdm din hi nhlSm HIV (29,5% •/ kiln) Dilu ndy chfnh cdc em Iql khdng nhdn t h ^ Cd thi cdc em hn vdo... thOe dOng v l HIV/ AIDS ndn cdc em khdng mudn chol cOng bqn bj H vl sq Idy nhllm Nhung h i ndy cdn nghT rdng «ai bj nhllm HIV Id xd''u, b d m ^ cOo bqn nghldn ma tw^, ndn bllt bqn nhllm HIV thi Idp