DAY HDC vt D|A DI[M XAY HA SH KljN UGH SH TRDNH DH MHN IjGH Sli dlRacJNG P H 6 THONG Tpong ede togi bleu hrgng (BT), BT vd ̂ o dldm xdy ro sy kldn (SK) cd vj hf, y nghTo auon trgng; glup hge sinh (HS)[.]
DAY HDC vt D|A DI[M XAY HA SH KljN UGH SH TRDNH DH MHN IjGH Sli dlRacJNG P H THONG Q T pong ede togi bleu hrgng (BT), BT vd ^ o dldm xdy ro sy kldn (SK) cd vj hf, y nghTo auon trgng; glup hge sinh (HS) hidu dOng ljch sff (1^), thdy duge mdl quon hd glffo sy kldn tjeh sff (SKLS) vdi didu kldn h/ nhlin, xd hdl, ngudi M$t SK, hldn tugng LS ndo dd boo gid cffng dldn ro tgl mdt djo dldm, khdng glon nhd't djnh Vide h?o BT vd dja dldm, nol xdy ro SKLS hong dgy hgc Ijeh sff (DHLS) d cdc hvdng phd thdng h l ^ noy vfin cdn nhldu hgn chd; HS thudng nhdm tdn djo dldm cuo ede SK, hldn h/gng LS, hodc ehl bidt tin djo danh nol xdy SK md khdng hidu duge md'l quon h^ glffo djo donh vd SK Hon nffo, gido vlin (GV) cffng khai thdc ehuo hidu qud ngudn kidn thffc phong phff, da dgng ndy vdo phyc vy DHI^ Dgy nhung SKLS nhung GV chua xdc djnh rd duge khdng glon LS, djo didm cffo SKLS dd d ddu; hoy xdc djnh Uidng glon, ^ o dldm, djo danh h i n bdn dd cdn mo hd Dan den vlic, ndl dung BT HS thu duge cdn nghio ndn, don d l i u , thldu vd chua ddp ffng duge y i u edu ddl hdl cffa chuong H n h 06 eung Id nguyin nhdn khldn HS ft ham thfch hgc bd mdn LS, ldm eho chd't lugng gido dye bg mdn LS d trudng phd thdng ehuo duge nhu mong dgi Dd ndng eoo hleu qud cOo vlic dgy vd hgc vd djo dldm xdy ro SK gdp phdn ndng coo chd't lugng bdl hge LS d trudng phd thdng, theo chung tdl, GV cdn quon tem mgt sd vd'n dd sou: Phdn (ogl dja dldm theo f nghTa euo SKLS vd khd ndng nhdn thffc cffa HS 1) Dia dlim LS HS cdn blit (SK xdy ro d ddu) HS phdl nghlin effu khdng ehl d djo dldm xdy ro SK md edn bidt ndl dung SK Vf dy, Hl#p djnh Paris ndm 1972 ve vl#c tgp Igl hdo btnh d Vl$t Nam: Dia dldm dlln ro d Paris thO dd cOo nude Phdp (djo dldm HS chi edn bidt), nhung ndl dung edn hidu vd ndm vffng chfnh Id hi\ cdnh Hdl nghj, ndi dung cOa Hdl nghj (nhffng didu khodn cffa Hiip djnh) c6 dnh hudng, tec dgng Tap chi filao due s6 (kt a • io/aoia) TtiS N G U Y E N D I J C C U O N G ' nhu thd ndo ddl vdl sy phdt hldn cffo LS Vidt Nam ndl riing vd nude Ddng Duong ndl ehung 2) Dja dlim LS HS phdl bliu {nol chdn ey thd xdy ro mdt sy vl§c ndo dd) Trong qud hinh nghlin effu vd DHLS, ndu khdng xdc djnh duge djo dldm cffo SK, thi SK dd qud mo hd Bdi tech SK ro khdl djo dldm - bdl ednh nol xdy ro SK thi khdng thd ndm duge bdn chdt, y nghTo eOo SK Vf dy: Phdp thdt bgl trin chldn hudng Vl$t Nom khdc hdn vdl sy thdt bgl cffo Phdp d chldn hudng chdu Au hong Chldn tronh thd gldl thff 11 Tuy nhlin, hjy thuge vdo myc Hiu cOo Krng bdl, h>ng SK vd khd ndng nhdn thffc cOa HS M xdc djnh kldn thOe vd djo dldm cOo SK dd cdn bidt hoy nhd, hidu hay nhd khdi nl^m 3) Dja dlim LS HS phdl hliu vd vdn di/ng: Vi dy, nhde tel djo dldm ldng chdo Dlin Blin Pho (OBP), phdl hidu vj hi djo If, khf hdu, dja hinh, mdl trudng tem li-xd hdl-ecMi ngudi, didu kl^n kinh td-xd h d l - Bdl ndu khdng nhd, hidu, thi khdng thd vdn dyng vdo hidu duge vl soo cd ta vd Phdp deu ehgn OBP ldm dldm quyet chldn chldn luge; khdng thd hleu duge tel ngh§ Idnh dgo cOo Chff Hch Hd Chf Minh vd tdl thoo luge qudn sy cffo Etal tudng Vo Nguyen Gldp; cung khdng thd'y hdt duge nguyin nhdn thdng Igl cffo ta, hoy thdt bgl cOo Phdp vd MT; eung Id j ' nghTo LS cOa chldn thdng OBP ddl vdl nhdn ddn ta vd thd gldl Ngodl ro, HS phdl nhd nhldu (cung mgt lOe phdl nhd nhldu djo dldm), bdl chldn hudng OBP thuge ldng chdo Dlin Blin, ed nhldu djo dldm quan hgng gdn vdi SKLS - nhffng md'c LS auon trgng ddnh odu sy thdng Igl cOo qudn vd ddn ta hin mdt hgn Olen Blin Cdn eff vdo y nghla djo dldm eOo SK, mffe dd y i u edu vd nhdn thffc cOo cde cd'p, bgc hgc GV xdc djnh myc dfch y i u edu edn dgt dgy kldn thffc ve djo dldm cOa SK hong DHLS; xdc djnh duge mffe dg kldn thue vd dja dldm eua SK; chgn lyo klen thffc vd cdc hinh thue, bien phdp su phgm * TnMDg Bji hf c sir pkm •fi^ibpc Hii # hgp dd tidn hdnh bdi gidng dgt duge mi/c thffc LS eho HS Trong ddl mdl PPDH LS hldn noy, dfch, yiu cdu dd ro cdn chff hgng ddn vide tgo BT mdt cdch khoa hgc, Nhffng yiu cdu ddl vdl vide tgo BT vd khdng chi glOp HS hidu duge l^dn chdt cffo SK, dja dldm cOa SKLS hong DHLS hldn tugng LS, gdp phdn thyc hldn nguyin tdc 1) Cdn Ci/ vdo die dlim hogl ding nhin «vOa sffc* chdng Igl cdn bdnh «nhil nhif, tcqud rfiuc cffo HS HS THPT, khd ndng khdl qudt, tdl" hoy qud so luge dong phd bidn hong qud hinh dd tu logic phdf hldn, cde thao tee lu hinh DHLS hldn noy ngdy edng hodn thidn, bude ddu dd hinh 5) Khi tgo BT vS dja dlim cOa SKLS phdl thdnh «lip hvdng bin tong" hong hogt ddng xdc djnh duge mi>c di klin ihtfc phO hgp vdl nhdn thffc VI vOy, vide h?o BT n6l ehung, h?o BT khd ndng nhdn thue cOa HS, myc tiiu cOo bdl dja dldm cffa SKLS ndl rling ddl hdl phdl chO ^ hgc, mdl cdp hgc, Idp hge Cdu h;io chuong hinh «st> di/ng cdc PPDH mdl mang tfnh chit nghlin SGK bd mdn LS theo nguyin tdc «£)dngr ldm kit ahj nhim tdng cudng yiu ti h/ lip hgc hgp vdl dudng thing' ndn cd nhldu kldn thffc tip" (1) Qua dd si «bil dudng cho HS ndng li/c da duge hge d cip THCS tgl duge hgc tldp d tu sdng tgo, ndng li/e gldl quyit vin » { 2THPT | VI vdy, GV phdl xdc d|nh duge mffe dd 2) Tudn iho If luin nhin muc khoa hgc yiu cdu cOo h>ng cdp hgc; cdn eff vdo ddc dldm tem tf tffa hidl vd khd nOng nhdn thffc cOo HS dd Mdcxfl - Linlnnlt hye quan sinh ding din tu lri>u lugng, h> Iv Irdu lugng dinxdc djnh mffe dd tddn thffc vd djo dldm cffa SK dd tgo BT cho fA\ 12) G V cd t h l xdy dung cdu hdl nh$n thue vd h$ ihdng cdu hdi gpl md sou; - Cdu hdi nhdn ihuc: VlsaocdtavdPhdp diu chpn DBP Idm d l l m quyll chlln chlln lupc? ^ - Cdu hdl gpl md: + V! tri chlln lupc cua OBP lilw i h l ndo?;+Ibpc ddn phdp dodn ddnh nhou d EiBP chOng sS th^ng hay ball; * Ddng vd Chfnh ptii) la phdn dodn ddnh d DBP la sS ihdng hay bpi?; + D l dpt du^c mi,ic HSu phdn dodn Irgn, cd ta vd djch dd chuSn b) cho chlln d|ch DBP nhu Ihl ndo? ' 3; Si dung nguSn ldl ll$u dia danh di tqo Sr v l dja dlim Vi-'—*, cila SK Ch^ng hpn, day Sdl 18, mvc IV: ehlin dldiVmBScThuDdngndm 1947 (Lfch »> 12), GV sij dvng lupc d l IgW d i l ^ d j d i Viet Bde Thu - Ddng ndm 1947, ket hpp vdi nguon tdl l i ^ dja donh Doon HCing I* ' cH cdp din chlln ihdng sdng Ld 4^' • - % ngdy 24/10/ Luge di Dlfn Blin PhO 1947 4) Niu ddc dlim vi dja dlim cOa SK Chdng hgn, dgy vd chldn djch DBP, GV cdn niu rd ddc dldm vi djo dldm DBP thdng quo luge dd DBP 5) Ong di/ng cdng nghi ^dng tin phdl huy Hnh Hch a/c cua HS v l ^ h;io BT vd d)a dldm cOo SKLS DHLS vdi sy hd hg cOa edng ngfi^ thdng Hn glffp GV ed thd thyc hl^n bdl gidng ii^n h> vdi ddy dff kinh ehff, kinh hinh, dm thonh quo dd, HS khdng chi rin luy^n cde khd ndng dgc, nghe, vidt ndl md cdn quon sdt vd cdm nhdn duge cdc SK Cdc Ong dyng cOa cdng nghd thdng tin Id phuong tidn h3 hg dde lye vide ihyc h l ^ gido dn nhdm ldm bdl hgc dgt hidu qud coo, ddng thdi glOp GV tldt kldm duge nhldu thdi glon hong v i ^ xdy dyng ede dd dffng hye quon quy ude TO dd, glup HS khde sdu kldn thffc hgng tdm vd ed thd h$ ihdng, khdl qudt tdt ndl dung bdl hge Od h?o BT vd dlo dldm cOa SK hon^ DHLS, ngodl vide phdi tudn thff nhung nguyin h^c hong DHI.S, GV edn vdn dyng nhudn nhuyin, linh hogt cdc hinh thue td chffc DH vd PPDH, cung sy hfi trg cffa cdc phuong tidn hl^n dgl mdl ed thd dgt duge mye dfch y i u edu cffo bdl hgc, gdp phdn ndng eoo ehd't lugng DHLS, ddp ffng mye Hiu gido dye hong thdi kl C N H , HDH ddt nude • M '-^ W'^' V1i ^f^ ' ( W} c ^7 ^c"^ m 'n (1) Phflim Minh Hgc - Le Khanh - Trftn Trpng ThQy Tflm H hQC, t9p NXB Gido dgc, H 1992 (2) Ding COng sftn Vi$t Nam Ngh) quy£'t HOi ngh| lin tM tir Ban chSfp hinh Trung utmg Ddng khda v n v£ "Ti^p tye ddl m