U WAN M A O B V < • D»Y HOC TAC DONG CUA VAN HOA DEN UIEC HINH THANH NHAN CACH GIAO UIEN niAm NON O PGS TS H O A N G TH| P H U O N G " O v phdt h 1 ^ h^ em Id mpt qud trinh xd hdl ^ M i o d Trd em hpc[.]
U WAN M A O BV< • D»Y HOC TAC DONG CUA VAN HOA DEN UIEC HINH THANH NHAN CACH GIAO UIEN niAm NON O PGS TS H O A N G TH| P H U O N G " O v phdt h ^ h^ em Id mpt qud trinh xd hdl ^ M i o d Trd em hpc cdch tu duy, giao Kdp vd k ^ w o t ddng bdng cdch tuong h^c vdi nhOng ngudi khdc frong ede hodn cdnh cy thd Ddl hjpng cd dnh hudng Idn ddn sp phdt h-ldn frd em Id ngudi \dn (cho me, gido vidn, mpi ngudi xung quanh), Cdc ddl hipng ndy tdc d§ng ddn hd thdng quo cdch thdc nudi dpy h-d, cdch h;io mdi h-udng dd 22 - (dudi 25 hjdi chidm 30,5%, h> 25-30 tudi chidm 53,1 %, h-dn tudi ehldm 16,4%); - Thdi gian cdng tdc cho ydu h> 3-5 ndm (chidm 53,1 %), h> 5-10 nfim ehldm 30,5%, h-dn 10 ndm ehl chidm 2,8%, sd G V dudi ndm chidm 13,6% N h u v ^ , hdu hit G V M N da dpt chudn hodc h ^ chudn vd hinh dd ddo tpo n ^ d ; hidl ddi edn tuong ddi hd, hiy kinh nghidm Idm vide ehuo nhidu nhung ed Hdm ndng ddl ddo vd co hdi phdt h-ldn 1) Vi khd ndttg hogt d$ng n^iii nghl$p ChOng tdi khdo sdt biin vdi cdu hdl cho moi bpi Kdt qud: - Khd ndng thich i^ng vdi nghi nghl$p cuo G V M N cdn chdm (49,8% thfch ung trudc ndm; , % sou ndm, ) Nguydn nhdn: cdch thue gido dpe ti> gla dtnh md hp tidp nhdn dupc cdn nhd, luc hpc tdp d trudng phd thdng vd ddo h^o nghd (nhu chua gdn If ludn vdi thpc Hdn, ehua ed kr ndng vd nhidu co h$l gidi quydt vdn dd thpc Hin trudc bude vdo nghd); cdch ihue h-ldn khoi ddi mdi gido dye (GD) h-ong thpc Hdn chuo phO hpp, gdy cdn trd G V Hdp nhdn cdi mdi (tridn khot chuo ddng bd, tpp hud'n chuo rd rdng, chuong hrlnh ludn thay ddl, didu kidn chuo ddm bdo ) - G V M N da tfch a/c hoan thl$n bdn thdn tfU chi BIfa dgc s6 (to i - 4/aoi«) tren nhiiu finh vpc (dao due, Idl sdng, chuydn mdn, chfnh h-j, ngoai ngu, lin h o c ) vdi nhieu cdch thuc khdc (tfch luy kinh nghidm cd nhdn (85,9%), hpc hdl ddng nghiep (98,1%), bdi dudng thudng xuyen(78,9%), tidp thu y kidn cd'p trdn (84,5%)} Cd Hie ndi, su nhdn thuc vd cdch thue hodn thien cua G V M N dd phdn dnh Hnh thdn ham hpe hdi, ^ thuc trdch nhidm, sp cdn eO chju khd, cuo hp Tuy nhidn, ndu dpng eo i\f hodn thidn ehl xud't phdt h> ede gid trj dpo diic (34,7% bdn thdn mong mud'n, 4 , % nghe nghidp ^ i hdl ) vd col nhp gid h-j vdt ehd't (3,3% di tdng luong, 0,9% dd thdng Hdn ) tht ehua dO «sOe mpnh' dd hp ddn hdt tdm tri vd vie Ipe dd vupt quo khd khdn bdl cdnh xd h^l hidn nhdm dpt kdt qud cdng h5c 2} Vi la ndng (KN) hogt d^ng nghi nghl$p Khdo sdt nhdm KN (phdt hidn dp bdo; xi> If Knh hudng G D ; Ipp kd hopch, td chuc; kidm ho, ddnh gid) vdi cdu hdl cho mdi lopl KN, chOng tdi nhdn t h ^ G V M N dd nhpn thOc dupc tdm quon h-png cOo ede KN ndy frong hopt d^ng GD, cd g ^ hpc hdi vd v$n di^ng vdo thpc Hdn G D trd M N , thd hidn huydn thdng hidu hpe vd Hnh thdn trdch nhidm vdi nghd nghidp cuo hp Tuy nhidn, vide nhdn thuc vd su cKing cdc KN hopt d$ng n^td nghidp hong thpe Hdn cOa G V M N da bdc Id nhung hpn chd nhdt djnh: chua thdy Knh hd thdng vd sp nhdt qudn h'ong vide su dgng ddng bd cdc KN Id cdn thidt dd tpo ro hidu qud GD (KN Ipp kd hopch, td chOc ^ipc col hpng; KN phdt hidn, ddnh gid chuo dupc quan tdm dOng muc, }; tdm If nguyen nhdn: GV ehua dupc hong bj dO hi thuc vd li ludn d l hilu bdn chdt cuo qud hinh G D ; chuo dupc ddo tqio ve KN d muc dd cdn t h l ^ d l cd t h i hiln khai hopt ddng GD mpt cdch khoo hpc; sp hiy K ^ hong nhpn thuc vd Idl sdng; tdm li «phycK)ng" , Phdm ehd't, ndp s^ng, thdi quen cua GVMN / ) Vd' phim chit ChOng tdi dd khdo sdt cdc phdm chdt dpo due, h-i tud vd thdm mTqua nTidn _• thuc vd cdch thuc rdn k i y ^ cuo hp Kit qud: a) Vi sp It/a chgn cdc gla hi: G V M N dd Ipo chpn gid h-j cho ed lopl phdm chdt theo mdc dd uu Hen tir coo d » i thdp Id: Dpo due (thuong ydu h-d; cd trdch nhidm; edn eO chiu khd; bidt hpp h^c vdi ddng nghidp; tning ihpc Hit kidm}; Trftu$ (Idm vide cd mpe dich, k l hopch; ndng ddng, thdo vdt; ed nhu cdu hpc hdl; coi h-png hidu qud cdng vide; Ilnh hopt, sdng tpo; ddi mdi edeh Idm); Phdm ch^ y dii (quy^ tdm Idm vide tdt; bilt vupt qua khd khdn; ktdn hi, nhdn npl; ed Hnh ddc ldp chO; cd khdt vpng vuon ldn) b) Trong quan he: tdn Hpng mpi ngudi; cd hdnh vl vdn hod; giOp dd mpi ngudi; gli> gin truyin thdng; t&i h-png phdp lu§t; bdo vd mdi trudng; chdm lo sdc khod; tham gio hopt ddng h> thidn} Quon nidm v l n i p sd'ng ihdl quen cuo G V M N xudt phdt h/ vide h/a chpn gid h-j nhdn edeh, chpn nghi vd thpc Hin hoot ddng G D h-d chl phdi li Ipo chpn dupc hp gidl thfch Id bdn thdn col trpng, yeu cdu cda n ^ d nghidp, ^ hdl cda xa hdl vd nhd hudng, Hdu chudn ddnh gid GV Mdt sd n h j n xdt - V H c6 dnh hudng din vl$c hinh thdnh ciu true nhdn cdch cOa GVMN Nhung dnh hudng ndy xdy h'ong sudt qud trinh hinh thdnh nhdn edeh, bdt ddu h> nhd, h-ong qud trtnh hpc tdp, ddo tpo nghd, vd hopt ddng G D trd Vide hinh thdnh nhdng djnh hudng gid h^ ehung, gid trj nhdn edeh ed lidn quon ddn vide lpa chpn nghe nghidp cuo G V M N vd ehfnh d i l u ndy lpl dnh hudng d i n vide hinh thdnh Kdm ndng, khd ndng, KN hopt di^ng n g h i nghidp cdng nhu cdc phdm chdt thdi quen cdo hp quan hd vd hopt ddng - Cdc gldhjVH huyin thing cd dnh hudng hjong c^l rd rtSt nhdn cdch GVMN, eOng nhu h-ong hoot d^ng gido di/c h^d M N Mdt sd gid hi hvyin thdng ndi h ^ dupc G V M N col h-png, mdt sd gid h-j edn thoy ddl cho phO hpp vdi ydu edu cdo xd h^l hidn dpi nhung vdn edn bdc Id cdc m^t nhdn cdch cOo hp Bdn cpnh d6, ede gid hi mdi cOng dfi xudt hidn nhung bilu hidn cdn md nhat, chuo rd ndt ndn chua dupc phdn ddng G V lpa chpn - ^ih hudng cuo VH din nhdn cdch GVMN thi hl$n d ca hai m^t Hch a/c vd H6u a/c Bdn cpnh nhung y l u td tfdi cpc mong dQm Knh truydn thdng Ipi bdc Id nhdng nhupc dilm ngdn cdn hp Hip cdn edi mdi, thoy ddl cdi cu; ngupc lpl, nhi}ng h^c ddng cua xd h$l hidn dpi id ihay ddl tu duy, nhdn thuc, phdm chdt, thdi quen cda hp Tuy nhidn, sp thay ddl chf dtin ro ' n d a vdi* Idm dnh hudng xdu d i n qud Hinh ddl mdi gido di^c hdn thpc Kin 2) Vi nip sing, thdi quen GVMN dd lpa (h; kinh nghidm, tdm If ^ u d n g htnh thdc, thidn chpn cdc gid trj theo muc dp uu Ken h> quon hudng thfch dn ^nh } h ^ g nhdt d i n it quan trpng hon Id: - Mdi hudng hogt d ^ pido di/c tri nhd dd a) Trong hogt d^g: Idm vide cd trdch nhidm; Jchdc hop rd nSt hon m^t sd gid hf truyin thing cd k l hopch; edn thdn; ham hpe hdl; sdn sdng nhdn edeh GVMN Ddi hipng gido dye Id ihfeh ung; kf kidt cdi Hen edng vide; hpp tdc; Hit kidm; vupt Wid khfin, (Xem tiip trang 19} Cd t h i thdy, cdc gid h-j h-uyin thdng (nhu ydu thuong h-d, ed trdch nhidm, cdn cO chju khd, quylt tdm vupt khd, kidn trt nhSn npl, } dupc x i p d thd hpng coo; mpt sd gid trj mdi (nhu hpp h^c, sdng tpo, ddl mdi, ) x i p d thu hpng thdp G V M N dd nhtn nhdn ede gid h-j h-dn xudt phdt h> cdch nhin nh^n ngudi ndi ehung, ngudi lao ddng ndi ridng, sou dd d i n ydu cdu cOa nghd nghidp, ^ i hdl cOo xa h$l, nhd hvdng vd mdt sdTf khde nhu dp Ipc gla dtnh, sp cpnh tronh xa hdl b) Vi rdn luy^n cdc phim chit phdn Idn cdc y kiln ddu thdng nhd't cdn rdn Iuydn ede phdm chdt td nhd (70%), H-ong ddo tpo nghd (h> 4d%'55%), gido di/c trd (87%); Id Hdu chudn ddnh gid G V (35%-40% sd y kiln v l phdm chdt h-f tud, Y chf, ehl ed 4,3% sd y kiln v l phdm chdt dpo ddc) Nhu v$y, vide Ipo chpn ede gid h-j vd phdm chdt cOa G V M N cOng nhu cdch li gidl v l vide lpa dipn vd cdch thuc rdn Iuydn ddu thdy rd tdc d^ng cOa VH d i n nhdn thuc vd hdnh vl eOa hp NhOng gid tri huyIn thdng d^c trung ludn dupc col h-png, nhCMg gid trj mdi eOng da bdt ddu xudt hidn Sp xudt hidn ede gid hi mdi dupc htnh thdnh h-dn nin tdng cdc gid hi truydn thdng hx>ng bdl cdnh xa h$i thay ddl Tuy nhidn, cdc hbc ddng cdo VH gio dinh, cdch thdc gido dpe vd ddo too cdo nhd trudng vd mdi hvdng Idm vide da phdn ndo gdy edn h d G V M N Hip nh$n cdc gid h-j mdi tieh epc d l bdn thdn hp cd t h i thay ddl Tap chi 61^0 Jac so (id i - «/a«ia> phdp ndy); - Cd nhOng gidi phdp HVTU cd thd hqp vdi h>ng cd nhdn, h>ng hd G D , song khdng phO hgrp v6l chu hvong on djnh cudc sdng, CO cdu Iql si/ phdt triin sdn xudt KT-XH cua nhd nudc Vide li/a chpn gidl phdp tdn dyng phdn ddt chua ngOp d qud cu dd canh tdc, ddnh bdt hdl sdn tdng ngudn thu nh$p cd tkti ddn tdi vide tdi hdl huong eho nhung cu ddn khd thieh ung du