VAN DDNG MO HIND HOC TAP THAI NGHIEM CDA DAVID A HOLD VAO DAY HOG MON GIAO DDC DOG S TROilNG DAi HOG SD PDAM ThS DOAN NGOC ANH* G iao dgchgc{GDH)\am6n khoa tigc ngliiep vu, chiem vj tri quan trpng tro[.]
VAN DDNG MO HIND HOC TAP THAI NGHIEM CDA DAVID A HOLD VAO DAY HOG MON GIAO DDC DOG S TROilNG DAi HOG SD PDAM ThS G DOAN NGOC ANH* iao dgchgc{GDH)\am6n khoa tigc ngliiep vu, chiem vj tri quan trpng tn/dng s u pham Day hpc GDH hudng tdi trang bj nhQng tri thi)c khoa hpc va kinang d^y hpc, giao due d nha tn/dng pho'thong, qua dd hinh va phat trien y thdc dao ddc, gia trj nghe nghlep cho sinh vien (SV).Belhuc hien nhiem vu nay, cac giang vien (GV) can quan tam den van detiien kiiai, van dung cac triet li, chen lUdc, pht/dng phap va hinh Ihdc tochdc day hpc Hiep hudng tap tmng vao ngi/di hpc, tap mpi CO hpi va dieu ki?ndehp tham gia vap quatrinh hpc lap CO chat h/cng Mpt trpng nhung chien luoc phat huy 6uac vai lr6ti/giao,tich cue, tu luc cua SV, giiip hp mdrpng kha nang hpctapcuaminh mpt each tptnhEdl^ day hpc theo phuong thiic hgctaptainghiem (Experiential leaming) Day laxuhi/dng "ttiuc hpc,thgcnghlgp"trong day hpc tedng supham nliam djnh lii/dngva pliat trieh iiang luc cho nhdng giao vien tUdng lai Bai viet de cap mpt scf van d6 cd ban ve mo hinh hgc tap trai nghiem (MHHTTN)cua David A Kolb(nhali luan glaoduc lieu bieu Hoa Ki), qua dpbudc dau van dijng cac gial dpan Irong mp hinh vap day hpc GDHaJtudng Oai hpc supham (DHSP) quatrinh tiai nghiem ludn phai phat hien va giai quyet nhdng mau thuln detao nen suthdng nhat giua "cai da cd" va "cai ch ua cc", "cai da b let" va "cai ch ua bier, gida nhiing dieu da thay vdi viec chuyen hda hanh vi Dieu the hien thdng qua hai tmc n i m bit vataic chuyen doi kinh nghiem vc( si/van ddng va lien trien cua chu trinh hpc tap gdm bdn giaidoan 1S.Chutrlnhbmglaldoanhgctaptralnghlem (kem hinh 1) 1.Mpts6'v3hdl CO ban veMHHTTN cua David A Kolb * ( Khainiem: MHHTTN la "qua trinh rna tai dd kiln thdc di/dc tap thdng qua s d chuyen dd'i kinh nghiem Kien thdc la qua cua si/ket hop giua viec nam bat kinh nghiem va chuyen del kinh nghiem dd" (1; tr41) MHHTTNcua png da mieu ta hai phuong dien rieng biet, mdi phuong dien the hipn hai kenh cd quan he bien chdng vdi nhau: • Phuang diin nam bit iiinh nghigm^ (Grasping) thong qua hai kenh: Kinh nghiem cu M v a khainiem hoa tniu tugng, - Phuang dien chuyen doi kinh nghi$m (Transfcrmatipn) thdng qua hai kenh: Quan satphananhva thuc hanh chudgng Hinhl: MHHTTN Ijon giaidoan ctia David A Kolb (1;tr42) - Kinh nghiem cu f/)e'(Cpncrete Experience); b i t dau td hanh ddng ttpng dd khai thac kinh nghiem da CP g i n lien vdi boi canh ma ngudi hpc da ttai qua; - Quan satphan anh (Reflective Obsetvatk)n): xay ngudihpc su'dung kinh nghiem dacd cua minh de xem xet, xuli cac suviec, 51/kien dang xay vaphan hoi, chia se vdi nhung ngudi xung quanh mdt cached muc dich: - Khai niem hoa tniu tuang (Abstract Ccnceptualizatcn): rigucS hoc phan tich logfc nhiing hanh ddng tren suhieu bietvetinh hudng,tdddtap kien thuc vakinh nghiem mdi; - Thuc hanh chu dgng: (Active Experimentatiph): ngudi Iipc ap dung nhflng kien thdc va kinh nghiem vda n i m bat dudc thdng qua hanh dpng vao bdi canh, tinh hud'ng hoac si/viec mdi piiam vi mdrpng Qua trinh hpc t^p trai nghiem can cd s u n^m bat i$h& duoc SI/bleu dien, bieu irimg cua kinh nghiem vasi/chuyi^ doi cua subleu dlln Nhuvay, c^lol cua iipc tap trai,nghiem lanhdng hpat dpng sang tap va day cdng thang, bdi mdi ca nhan ithi tiiam gia vao " Tndiis Dai hgc sir pham Ha Noi Tap chl Giao due so 360 (kl2-6/2015) 53 Bon giai doan hpe tap trai nghiem van hanh frong giup SV cdi mdhon fronggiao tiep vdittiaycdva ban mpt chu trinh titan hoan hinh xoan d'c lien tuc Kinh be Sau SV tiong nhdm ket tiiuc cudc trao doi, nghiem ci/ftese lanen tang eua quatrinh nh^n thufc, thao lu^n,GV mdi dai dien nhdmfrinhb^yykientivdc nhQng quan satphan hoi dugc dong bd va ehuy^ da toan Idp.Quatiinh chia se,phan h6lgifla cac nhdm lal tiianh Aftffln^frul/ftAjng.frlddmtra kientiiucvakinh didn ra, G V ling nghe qua dd nhan xet danh gia va nghiemtiidngqua hanh ddng, kientiiucvakinh nghiem khen nggi cd tiiedupc till} nghiem mdt each chu dpng va su Vi du: nhung eau hdi dat eho SV sau tinh hud'ng dung tiong viec tao cac tiai nghiem mdi Rd rang giai doan kmh nghiem cu tiie'da dupe SV ehtj ngucS hgc dadung kinh nghiem lam "diantiJa"eho qua ddng chia setheo nhdm,ttieocapfronggjai doan trinh hpc tap vasutrainghiwn chinh lacachttiucdelam dudi vai ti'dtochijc, dieu khien cuaGV.Ocac em da giau von liieu biet eho ban than Can cu'vao trinh do, xuat hidn nhflng bangttiaicam xiic vettiaycdgi^oeu kha nang nhantiitJc,ndi dung hge tap, dieu kien mdi voinhflng pham chatvanSngliic supham khac nhau, frudng , ngudi hoc cdttieb&t dau viee hgc cua minh ta qua dd bde Ip quan d i ^ i cua minh ve each day cua bai ki giai doan nao cua chufrinhhpe tap frai nghiem; thay Bdn tinh huong neu tren, va hp ndn trai qua ca bon giai doan de kien tiiiic va 2.3 Khainiem hda trdu tugng: Danh dau su kinh nghiem mdifronen ben viJng, cothe van dung tn/dngtiiaihtiiongnhantiiuccua ngudihpc Tflnhung nhflng dieu kien khac kinh nghiem von cd ve ndi dung bai hpc, qua qua frinh Van dung cac giai doan MHHTTN chiem nghiem, chia se, phan hoi vd^ ban be va thay^ cua Kolb vao day hpc mon fibwdtrirdng BHSP ed, SV can cd mdt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh de (Chuang 2: "Nguyen tac day hpc" - Phan li luan ti/ong tac vdi sach giao khoa, tai lieu tiiam khao ya nghe giang Nhd do, SV se hie'u di;gc nguydn tie day hoc) 2.1 Kinh nghiem cu the Vaifrdeua G V la tao Chung cua bai hgcva cd kha nang dien dattiianhIdi Vi du: sau tiidl gian thao luan, G V hudng caldp di mdi tn/dng hgc tap tieh cue; chia sesuy nghTva cam xuc cua minh nhung khdng lam anh huong tdi kha den quan diem khdng dong tinh vdi each day cua tiiay nangtiJ"duy ddc lap, sang tao cua SV; tao st; can Bdn va dat nhiem vu mdi eho S V: (hay Bdn da vi bangfrongmoi quan he gifla tri tue va cam xuc, de'tU pham nguyen tic day hgc pad? Trinh baysi/h'^u biet dif doan duac nhflng kien thuc vakinh nghiem lien cua anh (chi) ve nguyen tic day hgc do? Bai hgc nitm quan den ndi dung bai hgc ma S V da ed, qua day neu tdtinh hud'ng tren la g!> Cau hoi khi^n SV tich tinh huong hoac kenhflng cau chuyen chua di^ng ndi cue taptiungchu ycua minh vao sach giao khoa va tai dung bai hgc, dat nhuncf cau hoi mang tinh viJa siJrc lieutiiamkhao,bdihgxacdjnhrdnhlemvuc^ nghiin de SV huy dpng von kien thtic va kinh nghiem eua cflu tai lieu de hieu van de chflkhdng phai hpc thupc ndi dung tri ttiuc ve nguyen tic day hoc de tai hidn bantiianhoanttianhtdt nhiem vu hgc tap Vidu:G V neu tinh huong va cau hdi "mddau HetSau tiidigian nhatdjnh, GVtochtic cho SVphatbleu day Toan,ffiayBdn ttiudng xuyen dua bai toan rat y kien vatieptiJChudng cac em den nguyen tic ma khd,yeucauhgcsinhsuyrighTdeg^'dugcbaitoandd thay Bdn da vi pham qua trinh day hoc, dd la: Nhieu hgc sinh khdng ffii'dap ung du