NGHIEN CDU Q XAY OiniG BAi TAP GAN UEN Vfli PHlTONG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG DAY HOC GIAO DUC HOC THEO H U O N G PHAT TRIElJ NANG LUC 1 Dat vande Bdi tap (BT) Id mdt thdnh td quan trpng dnh hUdng den k i t[.]
NGHIEN CDU Q XAY OiniG BAi TAP GAN UEN Vfli PHlTONG PHAP DAY HOC TRONG DAY HOC GIAO DUC HOC THEO H U O N G PHAT TRIElJ NANG LUC ThS NGUYEN THj TIM HUE Truimg Cao fiang HAl Dinmg Dat vande Bdi tap (BT) Id mdt thdnh td quan trpng dnh hUdng den k i t qud cda qua trinh day hpc BT Id phuong t i l n de gido v i l n t i l n hdnh boat ddng day vd ngudi hpe t i l n hdnh boat ddng hpe BT ctida dung ndi dung hpe t i p v l nhflng t i l u ehi d i n h gid k i t q u i hpe t i p cda ngudi hpc Van di xiy dung v l sd dyng BT dd duac rit nhllu tdc gia nghiln cdu nhUng ehd ylu theo hudng t i l p cln ndi dung hole t i l p cln mye t i l u Viee ddo tao theo tiucmg phit triln nlng tUe (NL) ngudi hpc ndt ehung vd day hpc theo hudng phdt triln NL cho sinh viln (SV) d trudng su pham ndi rieng ddt nhiirng yeu clu mdi, khd khan, thieh thde mdi ddi vdi giing vien, nhdng ngudi nghien eiiu v l gilo due (GD) Gid trj cOa BT khdng chi d b i n thdn npi dung BT md cdn d k i t qud sau gilt quylt BT Xdy dung BT phye vu eho phuong phip day hpe (PPDH) d n dupe quan tdm nghiln cdu day hoc GD hpc d trudng sU pham 2.Th£ n i o i l x i y dung BT g i n i i l n vdi PPDH? Xdy dung BT 11 "idm n i n " hay "tao ra" BT mdi mdn hpc moi ITnh vUc nhim phyc vy y day hpe Xdy dung BT gdn tiln vdi PPDH dupe hilu td qua trinh tao (thilt lip) mdi quan h i qua tai khdng t h l tdch rdi gida BT vd PPDH Vilc xiy dUng BT phli tfnh d i n y dd PPDH md BT dd Idm phutmg t i l n (hay PPDH dinh hUdng eho vilc xdy dung BT) Odng thdi, BT trd thinh cdng eu d&c luc, phd hpp tao hifu q u i eho PPDH dupc sddung bdi giing C£u true cfia BT g i n i i l n vdi PPDH Clu true eua BT gdm hai y l u td: Nhdng d i l u kiln Ilm CO sd giup ngUdi hpe tim mdi liln he n h i m gili quylt clc nhilm vy hpc tap; Nhdng y l u eau chda dUng mdu t h u i n gida hilu b i l t kiln thdc mdn hpc v l y l u d u phlldatdUoe[ll.Tuy nhifn, vile xlydung BTgIn liln vdi PPDH theo hUdng phit t r i l n NL bao gdm cde thdnh td: Mlic dich eua BT: Ld du kiln v l k i t qud dat dupe d ngudi hpc sau gill BT; tao sii biln ddi cdc thdnh td kiln thdc ki nlng, thdi dd vd g i l tri NL ngudi hpe theo ehuin d i u Myc dfch cua BT phdn dnh rd net nhat to^i BT- y l u td quan trpng t h l hiln sU phu hpp eua BT vdi PPDH Ndi dung cda BT: Ld nhdng thdng tin BT d l cap, phdn I n h ndi dung bdi hpe hoac thUe tien eudc sdng, nghi nghiep Ndi dung cda BT gdp phin hd trp eho PPDH tao hdng thd, tfnh tfch eye hpc tap eiia ngudi hoc Nhiim vu cOa BT: 1^ nhiing cdng vilc ngUdi hpc phli idm'khi giai BT d l tao sU tuong t i c gida ngUdi day vd ngUdi bpc, gida ngUdi hpc vdi theo md hlnh cda PPDH mlBThdtrp Tiiu chi ddnh gid kit qud BT: La sU tfch hop d i p dn eda BT vdi mye t i l u cda module day hpc chuan NL ddu d ngudi hpc sau hoan thdnh BT v l hifu q u i eua vilc sddung PPDH m l BTdi kem IVldi loai BT se 11 phuong tien hd trp die lUc cho PPDH nao neu cd sy djnh hUdng eua PPDH ay t d khiu xiy dung BT Bi vifc xay diing BT thUe sU hilu q u i day tipc, tdng td t r i n nhit thilt phli dUoe gido vien xem xet vd eln nhle d n than qua trinh xdy dung BT g i n tiln vdi PPDH theo hudng phdt triln NL Quy trmh x&y dUng BT g i n lien PPDH day hoc GD hoc theo hUdng p h i t trien NL T Diiu kiin din quyit Cde nhifm vu giing vifn phdi thUe hifn xiy dung vd sd dyng BT dupe xem nhU dilu kifn tien quylt xdy dyng va sd dyng BT g i n tiln vdl PPDH theo hudng phdt trien NL day hpc GD hpe - Dieu kien 1: Xdc ^ n h chuin NL dau hole nghiln cdu bd chuin NL d i u n l u nhU cd sin Nhilm vu niy ddi hdi giing viln xdc djnh dupe nhiJfng NL ehung v l N l chuyin bift, NL dde thu ngudi hpc dat dupe k i t thiic ble hpc khoi hpc mdn hpc - Df'eu kiin 2: Thilt lap mdi quan he gida ndi dung day hpc - PPDH v l BT d n xiy dUng Nhdng ndi dung eua mdn hpc, hpc phin duoc lua chon v l slp xep thinh d c module theo nguyin tie nhit djnh d i m blo tao co hdi hinh thdnh vd phit triln NL chung v l NL chuyin bift d ngudi hpcTrongday hpcGD hpc, mach ndi dung dupe t h i l t k l dua trln logic cda mdn hpe v l d i m blo phdt triln NL day hpc NL GD cho SV theo clc mdc dp d l xdc djnh Dya tren d c phuong thdc hpc t i p cda SV, gidng vifn dua phuong thdc hpc t i p phCi hpp nhat vdi ndi dung hpc tap moi module d l tUa ehpn md hlnh If thuylt PPDH nhdm phit triln NL C:ic md hinh PPDH nhu Gili quylt vin de, ddng vai, day hpe theo dU dn thudng dupc gidng vien liia chon day hoe GD hpe theo hudng phdt triln NL Mdt PPDH d i u dupe clu thdnh bdi y l u td: Md hlnh li thuylt cua phuong phip, he thdng nhdng kT ndng phu hpp, d c phuong t i l n thuc hien Phuong t i l n phCj hpp d l thUc hifn nhdng ki ndng CO b i n cua mdi pliuong phap Id d e BT, BT tlnh hudng hode BT thue hlnh 4.2 Quy trinh xdy dffng BTeho module dgy hge BUdc 1: Xdc dinh loqi BTcdn xdy dUng phii hap nhdt vdi PPDH djnh sd dung cho module ddng thdi tgo duoc ca hdi phdt triin NL nghi nghiep cho SV Trong day hpe GD hpc, BT phin toai diia t r f n phuong thde Iipe tdp eda SV vd kilu PPDH tUOng dng bao gdm: BT tf thuylt, BT thye hdnh, BT tinh hudng, BT nghien edu khoa hpc GD Giing v i l n tua ehon mdt loai BT phd hpp vdi PPDH da t h i l t k l de SV chilm linh dugc ndi dung k i l n thdc ciia module, r i n tuyln ki ndng, hirih thdnh thdi dp n g h i nghifp tuong dng Vt dy: Khi xdy dung BT cda module PPDH d trUdng THCS, giing v i l n sti 122-IHANG 11/2015* 33 C Q l NGHIEN C0U ^ dua tren ehuan d i u nganh hpe cda SV, ehuin dau n i n t i n g de SV thuc hifn dUoc ki ndng thilt Ici mdn hpc GD hpc, mye t i l u hpc phin Hoqt ddng dqy PPDH dtrudng THCS Oe SV ed kt nang thilt k l PPDH d trudng THCS, hgc d trudng THCS vd mye t i f u cua module Ylu d u dat td k i t thde mdn hoc SV phdi t h i l t k l dupc k l giing viln tien hanh xiy diing toat BTthUc hlnh dupcsii ho^ch day hpc mot bai hpc b i t ki mdn Toin d trudng dyng PPDH theo dU I n Nhiifng BT ndy ed t h l chl THCS v l td chdc dupe mpt khiu (mdt bude) day hpc 11 nhutig du dn nhd dupe SV t i l n hdnh mdt hoac cy t h l theo gido dn da t h i l t k l Do dd, cde BT dupe xdy hai t i l t hpc hole dU an thdi gian mdt tuSn Cy tti^ dung cda module PPDH d trudng THCS phai d i m b l o BT: "Anh (chj) hay thilt k l PPDH thdo ludn nhdm cho SV cd kT nlng t h i l t k l vd td chdc ede PPDH mpt bai giing mdn Toan d trudng THCS" dupe SV thiic bdi day ey t h l mdn Toan d trudng THCS SV phli hilu hifn mdt t i l t hpc Hay BT: 'Anh (ehj) hdy thilt kl rd bdn ehit v l y l u d u sd dyng titng phuong phap k l hoach day hpc mdt bdi hpe mdn Todn trudng THCS, thdng qua phuong thde hpe bang tU tf tuan Sau dd d e PPDH true quan, thio luin nhdm, thuyet dd, r i n tuyln ki nlng thdng qua phuong thdc hpe bing trinh, van ddp, gili quylt v i n d l dUpc thilt k l hop li, hlnh di^ng cd ehd dfch, hpc qua trdi nghifm v l chia hieu q u i " dupe SV ttiyc hifn mdt tuin trudc s l kinh nghilm Kieu PPDH dua t r l n cdc phuong thde thye hdnh to chdc day hpc t r l n Idp hpc t i p td kiiu PPDH tinh hudng, tdm mau - tdi tao v l Yfu d u cda chuan d i u ngdnh hpe, mdn hpc kliuyln khfch - tham gia PPDH gidi quylt van d l , day eung nhU myc t i f u cda module PPDH d trudng THCS Id hpc theo du dn vd PPDH ddng vai td d c PPDH tdi Uu d l SV phli hifn thUe hda duoe PPDH da thilt k l Phuong SV cd dupe ki nang thilt k l vd td ehdc PPDH d trudng thdc hpe hifu q u i nhat eua SV tl hpc bing hdnh ddng, THCS Nhu t h l , cdc BT dUoe xdy dyng eho phu hpp vdi PPDH dupe gidng vifn Itia chpn Id phuong phip ddng hai phuong phip niy ehfnh Id loai BTtlnh hudng va BT vai Do dd, giing viln cln phdi xiy dung nhcing BTthUc thUc hdnh hanh mang tfnh tinh hudng thUe t i l n d l SV cd cO h$i Budc 2: Xdy dang tiiu chl cda BT dupc t h l hifn kT ndng td chdc deiy hpe phCl hpp vdi ylu BT dupe xiy dUng d n d i m bdo sy thdng nhat, hd d u if ludn ciia PPDH dTHCS da thilt k l trp cua clc tilu ehi ehung vd tieu ehf rieng cho tdng toai BUdc 4: Xdc dinh tliu chf ddnh gid kit qud Idm BT BT Cle tilu ehf ehung eda BT bao gdm: BT phu hpp vdl Giing vien tfch hpp dap dn eda BT vdl myc tifu eOa trinh dd, giy hdng thu eho SV; BT phin dnh dupe thye module vd chuan NL dau Not dung BT, tifu ehf ddnh tiln nghi nghifp; BT phu hpp vdl not dung module; gid kit qud Idm BT gdp phin khSng djnh vai trd, tfnh BT phil hpp vdi ylu d u cua PPDH; BT hlnh thanh, eOng phCi hpp eda BT mdi quan h i vdi PPDH Vfdu; Ttiu ed kiln thdc, rin luyfn ki ndng nghe nghiep d i p dng ehf ddnh g i l k i t q u i Ilm BT"Anh (chj) hiy nhdp vai gilo myc tifu module; sd tUOng BT phu hop vdi thdi tUpng vifn THCS t i l n hanh mdt trich doan bai giing t h l hifn ro module; deh dien dat ngin gpn, de hilu; BT hlnh PPDH thio ludn nhdm ma anh (chj) dd thilt kl"nhUsau: d SV thdl dp tfch cue vdi nghi nghifp Clc t i l u chf rifng - SV ehdng minh dupe vilc thilt k l phuong phdp cho tflng loai bdi t i p die dilm, y l u clu cua tdng loai thdo tuin nhdm la tdi Uu ddng thdl trinh biy dupc bdn BT quy djnh chit, t i l n trinh v l nhdng yeu d u d n thilt sd dyng Budc 3: Suu t&m cdc BThodc tgo BTmdi ddm bdo phuong phap thio ludn nhdm; cdc tiiu chl cda loqi BTda lUa chgn - SV ddt minh vdo vj trf ciia gilo viln THCS Gidng viln day GD hpe sUu t i m cac BT cudn mdt tdp hpe g i l djnh Cd hdng thii v l trieh nhilm vdl vai BT GD hoc hoae eie tit tilu tham khdo ed hen quan diln eda b i n thin; Hpe hdi, chia s l vdi ddng nghiep v l dU gid phd thdng - SV t h l hifn nhiitig kT ndng phii hpp vdi If tudn ciia 11 vdn kinh nghifm d l gtlng viln tao d e BT vda ed phuong phdp thdo tudn nhdm, hodn ehinh dupe mdt g i l tri chuyin mdn vd mang tfnh thUe tiln Giing viln trfch doan eda b l i giing mang lat k i t q u i hoc tdp ciia HS xiy dung BT ftnh hudng phd hop vdi PPDH phat hien cd t h l ludng, dinh gia dupe vd gili quylt van d l module PPDH dtrudng THCS Nhu vdy, d e t i l u ehf ddnh gil kit qud Ilm BT d SV nhu sau: "Hat SV Lan vd Hung sau xem doan bang khdng chf d l tUdng k i t q u i dat dupe d ngUdt hpc sau gid gidng eda gilo vien day Toin dtrudng THCS da tranh hoan thinh BT ma cdn td t i l u chf d l dinh gil hifu tudn vdi v l PPDH dupe gilo vien sddyng bdi qud cda vifc sd dyng PPDH ddng vai ciia gidng vifn giing dd Lan cho ring gilo vifn dd da sd dyng phucfng Kit q u i thiir nghilm quy trtnh xiy dung BT phip thdo tuin nhdm HOng cho ring gido viln dd da sd gin iien v ^ PPDH d^y hoc GD hoc theo hUdng dyng PPDH phit hien gili quylt van d l Anh (chj) hay phat trien NL d trUdng cao dSng sU pham xem doan bing bdi gidng va cho bilt: Nlu Id giao viln Quy trinh xay dung va sddyng BT dupe thiJr nghifm soan gidng bdi ndy, anh chj se sd dyng PPDH ndo? Tai day hpe GD hpc d TrUdng Cao ding Hdi Duong, sao?" bli t i p niy, SV phli dua vio nhiimg dd kiln eda nam hpc 2014 - 2015 eho SV cde tdp Cao ding SU pham BT k i t hop dpc tdi lieu de phdt hien PPDH gtao vien khda 36 Cd tdp thUe nghilm vd tdp ddi ehdng dupc sd dyng; SV phli gili thfch dupc y kiln ciia minh ddi vdi ehpn ngau nhien Kit qud thd nghifm cho phip dua y kiln cua Lan v l Hdng Qua do, SV hilu dupe bdn chit, nhflng nhin x l t nhusau: d c h sd dyng eda moi PPDH d trudng THCS va sU phdi hpp thue hifn clc PPDH Nhiing kiln thdc se trd (Xem tiip trang 46} 34 •KHOAHOCGlAODIK ... Toin d trudng dyng PPDH theo dU I n Nhiifng BT ndy ed t h l chl THCS v l td chdc dupe mpt khiu (mdt bude) day hpc 11 nhutig du dn nhd dupe SV t i l n hdnh mdt hoac cy t h l theo gido dn da t h i... tham gia PPDH gidi quylt van d l , day eung nhU myc t i f u cda module PPDH d trudng THCS Id hpc theo du dn vd PPDH ddng vai td d c PPDH tdi Uu d l SV phli hifn thUe hda duoe PPDH da thilt k l... xiy dung BT phip thdo tuin nhdm HOng cho ring gido viln dd da sd gin iien v ^ PPDH d^y hoc GD hoc theo hUdng dyng PPDH phit hien gili quylt van d l Anh (chj) hay phat trien NL d trUdng cao dSng