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^ THUCTliNGlAODUG GIAO DUG BAO VE NIOI T R U O N G CHO HOC SINH MIEN NUI TAY BAC THONG QUA DAY HOC DD AN PHAN HOA HOC H O U CO L0P11 TRDNG HOC PHO THONG I Datvlnde Ngdy nay, sU phit tr i ln manh me cu[.]
^ THUCTliNGlAODUG GIAO DUG BAO VE NIOI T R U O N G CHO HOC SINH MIEN NUI TAY BAC THONG QUA DAY HOC DD AN PHAN HOA HOC HOU CO L0P11 TRDNG HOC PHO THONG ThS NGinriN T H I PHiniNG THUY IniOns Cao flang sir pham Bltn Biln PGS.TS NGUYEN THI Sihl - PGS.TS VU QU(fC TRUNG Tnftmg Bai hoc Sir pham HI NAi I.Datvlnde Ngdy nay, sU phit triln manh me cua khoa hpc edng nghi da gay nhflng biln ddi rd rft ve hdu vd mdi trudng (IVIT) sdng, giy nhOfng anh hUdng tifu cue d i n ngudi Gilo due (GD) bdo v l IVIT (BVMT) la mdt nhiing biln phdp hilu q u i glCip ngUdi cd nhiing hilu bilt v l thflc trang MT minh dang sdng, Inh hudng d i n cudc sdng eon ngUdi va nhCfng bien phdp BVMT Trong nhd trUdng, GD BVMT eung la mdt nhflng nhifm vy day hpe quan trpng d n thUe hifn cda eae mdn hpc d cdc d p hpc h i thdng GD phd thdng Vile GD BVMT dupe thUe htin chii y l u bang su Idng ghep, tfch hpp ndi dung cda bdi day eda cdc mdn hpc Vile ngliiln eflu GD BVIVIT day hpc da dupe nhllu nhd nghien eflu vd gido viln (GV) quan tdm ngliiln eflu, van dyng hoat ddng day hoc cdc mdn hoe d trudng phd thdng Mdn Hda hpc d trUdng phd thdng ed nhilu dilu kiln vd khd ndng di thye hlln nhifm vu GD BVMT cho hoe sinh (HS) mdt edeh hifu q u i thdng qua d c biln phdp khdc nhU sfl dyng b l i t i p thflc tiln cd tifn quan d i n ndi dung GD BVMT, sd dung phuang phdp day hoc (PPDH) tieh eye to chflc cde hoat ddng ngoai khda song vife sd dyng day hpc dU an (DHDA) d l tfch hpp, Idng ghep GD BVMT cho HS mpt sd ndi dung cua chuong trinh hda hoc trung hpc phd thdng (THPT) td phd hpp v l dem tai hilu q u i tfch eye Trong bdl viet ndy ehdng tdi trinh bdy k i t qud nghiln cdu bude dau vfn dyng DHDA day hpe phin Hda hpe hdu co tdp 11 THPT nhim GD BVMT, phdt triln nang tUc gili quylt v i n d l eho HS THPT miln ndt Tiy Ble GD BVMT 2.1.MTvd6nhiemMT Theo Ludt BVMT nam 200S: "MT bao gdm cdc yeu td tu nhiln vd vdt chit nhin tao bao quanh ngUdi, cd Inh hudng d i n ddl sdng sdn xuat, sU tdn tai, phdt trien cOa eon ngUcri va sinh v i t " [1 ] MT bao gdm cde thinh phan thaeh quyen, thfly quyln, quyln v l sinh quyln Cac thdnh phan cda MT tudn cd su ehuyen hda tU nhtin, dien theo chu trinh va thudng d dang edn bing sinh thai Chinh sU edn bing d i m blo eho sy sdng t r l n trai dat phit trtln dn djnh, cln bing sinh thli bj phd vd thi gdy cac biln ddt khf hiu, bdo Id, nude biln dang nhilm MT Idm thay ddi true tilp hoac gian tilp thdnh phin vd ddc diem vdt If, hda hoe sinh thai hpe eiia 42*KHOAHOCGUUlOI^ bat ki thdnh phan nao cda MT hay todn bd MT vupt qud mfle cho phep da dupc xdc djnh Nhflng khdi nifm co b i n v l MT, d nhilm d c thdnh phan cda MT, ngudn gay d nhilm MT, nhdng tic h^i gdy bdi sU d nhiem MT la co sd d l gliip HS ed nhCfng hilu bilt v l MT, dinh g i l thUc trang d nhiem MT noi minh sinh sdng vd cd thdi dp tfch eye vife tham gia cdc hoat ddng BVMT sdng 2Ji GD BVMT cho HS THPT GD BVMT Id mdt q u i trinh tao diing cho eon ngudi nhiing nhdn thdc va mdi quan tdm v l MT vd clc vin de H/IT GD BVMT g i n lien vdi vile hoc kiln thdc, rfn luyen kT nlng, hinh thinh thai dp vd tdng nhift tinh tham gia hoat ddng mdt d e h dde tap hoac phdi hpp d l tim gidi phdp eho nhiifng van de MT v l ngin ehin nhflng vin d l mdi ed t h l xdy MT Mye tilu eCia GD BVMT nhd trUdng la giiip HS cd hilu bilt v l tinh trang MT v l clc biln phip GD BVMT de thyc hifn nhifm vu GD BVMT ed hilu qud GD BVMT nha trUdng dUoe thyc hifn bdng nhilu bifn phdp khae Mpt bifn phdp GD BVMT nhd trudng d i u nhim dat din myc tifu eudi cCing Id ngUcfi hpe dUpc trang bj v l kiln thflc htlu bilt v l MTtrIn co sd ed dupe y thfle trdeh nhilm slu sdc vdi sfl phdt triln b i n viJfng eda nin ting dao dflc v l M\ 2.3 GD BVMT dgy hgc hda hoc trffimg THPT Mdn Hda hpc nghiln cdu v l d c chat tfl nhifn v l sfl biln ddi cua d c chit nhiing dilu kifn xdc djnh nfn ed nhllu not dung de tfeh hop d c kiln thdc, kl ndng GD BVMT cde bdi hpe thdng qua cdc PPDH khde nhuphuong phap nghiln cflU, ddng vat, thuylt trinh, hoatddng ngoai khda, DHDA Vdi phuang phdp nghien cdu: GV hUdng din HS thyc hifn cdc boat dpng tim tdi, khim phd thdng qua cdc bdi t i p djnh hudng phit triln nang tyc gdn vdl tinh hudng bdi cinh thflc tien cd liln quan den nguyin nhin gdy nhilm MT GV cung cd t h l xiy dung cdc d l tdi dUin (DA) hpc t i p d l to chdc cho nhdm HS thuc hifn gili quylt v i n d i dfla ra, thdng qua viee tim tdi, gili quylt vdn dl gidp HS cd kiln thflc kT nang v l BVMT Tfl dd hinh thdnh t h l i dd tfch cue tham gia vdo boat ddng xd hdt BVMTfl dia phuong Vdi phucmg phdp ddng vai: GV nlu cdc chd dl, tinh hudng, bdi ednh thuc t i l n d l HS xiy dyng d e vd kjch vl ddng d e vai, trinh diln d c hlnh ddng GD BVMT dUcic xult phit td su hilu bilt, phUOng phip tU v l sdng tao ciia HS d l tuyen truyln d c kiln thfle GD BVMT, phf THUC T I I N GIAO DUC phan cle hdnh vi, thdi dd t i l u cue ddi vdi MT Vf dy vdi cdc chd d l blo v l rflng, nan ddt rimg Ilm nuong y l u cau HS ddng vai I I nhflng nha nghiln eflu, b l o vf MT trinh b i y v l vai trd cua rdng vdi vile BVMT sdng, tie hai cua nan ddt nuong, pha rflng tdm ray vdi sfl biln dot hiu Vdi phUdng phdp thuyit trinh: HS (hoac nhdm HS) tuthu thdp tdi lieu qua d c ngudn thdng tin khic nhau, xay dyng mdt bdo d o vd trinh bay trudc tap the nhdng hilu bilt cua minh v l GD BVMT Bdi thuylt trtnh the hien dflpe d c hoat ddng nghien cdu (dilu tra, quan slt, phdng vin ) Tdng tiop clc tU tilu, slp x i p theo logic, khoa hpc t h l hiln nhdtig hilu biet, hlnh ddng v l t h l i dd tfch eye sang tao vdl GD BVMT Nhu vay, vife GD BVMT day hoc hda hpc rat da dang, GV cd t h l thyc hifn nhilm vy ndy thdng qua vifc sfl dyng clc phuong phdp vd ki thuat day hoc khac de td ehfle ede hoat ddng hpe t f p da dang cho HS Thdng qua cdc boat ddng hpe t i p ndy de tfch hop GDMT ndi dung bai hpc, giup HS hflng thd hpc tap, phit triln nlng tflc hinh ki ndng sdng v l thdi dp tfeh eye vdi d e lioat ddng BVMT GD BVMT cho HS m i l n niii tiidng qua DHDA phan Hda lioc Hufu co idp 11 THPT 3.1 DHDA - phffctng phdp hiiu qud vige GO BVMT cho HS dgy hgc hda hgc DHDA td PPDH dd ngudi hoe thfle hiln mot nhiem vy hpe tap phde hpp, ed sy k i t hpp gida tf thuylt vd thfle hanh tao cdc sin phim cd t h l gidi thifu dflpc Nhifm vy ndy dflpc ngfldi hpe thuc hifn vdi tfnh tU lUe cao toan bd qua trtnh hpc tap tfl vifc xac ^ n h myc dfch, lip k l hoach d i n vile ttiflc hiln DA, kilm tra, dilu ehinh, ddnh gid qud trtnh vd k i t qud thuc hifn hpe theo DA se tao eo hdi eho HS tdng hpp kiln thdc t d nhtlu tinh vflc hpe t i p va dp dung vdo cudc sdng DHDA ed nhiing dac dilm ndi b i t gidp cho vifc tfch hap GD BVMT day hoe hda hpe Odng thdi ndi dung DA cd sfl k i t hop tri thflc eda nhllu ITnh vflc khie nhdm gili quylt d e vin d l mang tfnh phfle hop, ed y nghla thflc t i l n xa hdi nhu BVMT, blo vf sfle khde, ehdng t l nan x l hdi D l thyc hien cdc DA hpe tap ddi hdi HS ed tinh tutUe eao va su cdng tde Idm vile gifla ede thdnh viln nhdm Nhu vdy, DHDA se tao cho HS thdi quen ddl minh vao vj trf nhdng ngudi ludn quan tdm vd ed hdnh ddng tfch eye vdi nhilm vy GD BVMT nhu: Nhdn bilt vin d l thyc tien ed tiln quan d i n GDMT vd dUa nhdng gidi phap gilt quylt v i n d l dd GV ehi d n xay diing d c d l tdl DA, ddng viln, hudng din, td ehfle cho HS xiy dung vd thfle hifn edng k l hoaeh DA de tao cdc sdn pham ey t h l Do viy, DHDA dflpc ddnh g i l 11 PPDH hieu qud nhit vile tfeh hpp not dung GD BVMT day hpc hda hpc d trUdng phd thdng, gdp phan hinh thdnh vd phdt triln d HS nlng luc nghiln edu khoa hoc vfn dung kiln thdc v i o thuc tien, gili quylt d c van d l phfle tipp tiln mdn hpc 3.2 Xdy difiig hi thdng DA hgc tap kit hop GD BVMT phdn H6a hgc HCtu ca Idpll THPT Vifc lua chpn ndi dung d l xdy dung DA hpe tap kit hpp GD BVMT eln ddm blo cle nguyin tde sau: 1/ Not ^ dung hpe t i p ed ehfla difrig d e y l u td g i n vdi ndi dung GD BVMT phu hc^ vd^ thue tien cua d i t nUde bdi d n h todn clu hda; 2/ Cac ndi dung GD BVMT phli dUcic tfch hpp vdi ndi dung hpe tap mdt edeh tU nhiln vd phu hpp vdi trinh dp HS; 3/ Cdc d l t l i DA hpe t i p GD BVMT phdi phd hpp vdi sU quan tim, hfltig thd cda HS, tao dilu kiln d l HS phdt triln nlng Iflc hoat ddng xd hdi vd hinh thdi dp tfeh cue vifc BVIVTr Td cde nguyen t i c niy cung vdi dde dilm ndi dung kiln thflc eda ptian Hda hpc Hflu eo, GV ed the xdy dflng clc DA theo d e ehii d l sau: Metan va clc van de biln dot khf hdu; Khai thdc c h l biln dau md va nhiimg t i c ddng d i n MT sdng; nhiem MT t d qud trinh ddt nhifn lilu eiia hoat ddng giao thdng, dun nau, edng nghf sin xuat Nhiing hf tyy d i n MT sdng gdy tap tyc "di canh, di cU", ddt rimg tdm nuong ray, ehly rdng v l gidi phap.Tdc ddng eua d e nganh sin xult, tdng hop hflu co sdn xult hda chat, tdng hpp polime, thudc no din MT sdng vd bifn phip khic phye Anh hfldng d i n MT eda cdc nginh sin xuat tdng nghi d dia phuong vd nhiing bifn phdp khde phue Vai trd ting Ozon vdl ddi sdng ngUdi, nhiing tac ddng tdm suy gidm ting Ozon (cdc tdc nhin - chat CFC) vd biln phdp khic phuc Vai trd eda rflng ddi v&\ MT vd d c bifn phdp bdo vf khai thac rdtig hpp tf Khf Blogaz - ngudn lpi eho ngUdt chin nudi va vin dlBVMT.Thudcbdovf thye vdt vd phUOng phdpsd dyng hifu qud ddm bdo sfle khde va blo v l MT Nhflng tie ddng d i n MT cda q u i trinh sdn xuat dudng, giay, che bien gd vd bifn phdp khdc phue Xd If nUdc thdl phdng thf nghilm sau bdl thUc hdnh hda hpc hufu eo hode xd If nude thdi eda qud trinh ehe biln ndng ldm sdn (Idm bfln, miln, mdng, thit gia site ) Blo v l va sd dyng ngudn nude sach d ede nude vd d dja phuong Vdi ehUOng trinh Hda hpc HCfu CO ed nhilu ndi dung, d c vin d l lien quan d i n thyc t l ddi sdng eda d e ddn tde miln niJI fay Bde de GV xiy dUng clc DA GD BVMT thdng qua d e ehu d l thich hc^ Tuy theo dde dilm cda tutig vung miln va su phat triln kinh t l x l hpi d tflng dia phflong ma GV ed the xay dflng cde d l t l i DA theo cdc chd d l tren is cdc mfle dp khie eho phd hpp 3.3 Phuang phdp thUe hiin DA kit hop GD BVMT dgy hgc Hda hgc HCfu ca Cle DA dupe xiy dung ehi y l u d u HS thfle hiln khoing - gtd hoe Cde DA niy cd nhilm vy don gidn, de thfle hifn, HS cln sd dyng kiln thflc sleh gido khoa, t l i tifu tham khdo thdng dyng, nhiing hifn tupng thyc t i l n qua quan slt, trao ddl vdi moi ngUdi vd nhCitig hilu bilt sin cd ciia minh Cle DA nhd cd tfnh chit nhumdt bai t i p thue tien edvan dyng kiln thdc bat hpc d l HS hodn thdnh d nha v l blo cdo sdn pham gid hpc (khodng S • phut) Cdc DA trung binh dupc xdy dflng trfn co sd cde tinh hudng thue tiln ddi hdi HS su v i n dyng kiln thdc vdt mdn hpc vd tich hpp cdc kiln ttidc thflc t i l n cudc sdng cda minh q u i trinh thUe hien DA Cle DA ndy ed nhifm vu phde tap hem, ddt hdi HS phdi hpp nhdm thUc hifn khodng - tuan va td ehde cho eac nhdm trinh biy sin pham v i o gid hpc luyfn tap ehflOng hole gid hpe ty ehpn theo mfle dd vd quy md ciia DA Vdi ede hoat ddng BVMT ciia Sli 122-THiUlG 11/2015* 43 >^THUCTl!NeiAOnUC_ dja phuong, nha trUdng hu^mg dng d e cudc van ddrig ttieo d c chCi d l cOa dat nude hode t h l gidi (gid trai dat, ehdng nude biln ding ) thi GV se md rdng y l u d u va hudng not dung DA theo d e chu di thdng qua h i thdng eau hdi nghifn cflu Vdi cae DA nay, ylu d u HS ehuan bj thdi gian ddi hon (1 thing trd Iln) va td ehde bdo edo sdn pham thdng qua budi ngoat khda cua trudng ed sy tham gia cda cac Idp hUdng dng ehu d l * Sdn phdm: Bdi bdo cdo kit qud nghiin cUu oia MT eda dja phuong, eda d i t nude hole qudc t l Tuy theo mue tifu, ndi dung hpe tap vd dilu kifn cua nhd trUdng (CF2CI2) - tdc nhdn gdy suy gidm tdng ozon' md GVtd chdc eho HS thfle hifn DA theo ehii d l tich hop * So dd tfl tdm tat bai blo d o eOa nhdm hoc GD BVMT cho phu hpp sinh trinh bdy DA ve CFC 3.4 Cde DA GD BVMT dd duge HS thUc hiin & mgt sStrUdng THPT miin nui Tdy Bdc Chung tdi da cung GV hudng d i n HS tiln hlnh thuc hien DA tfeh hpp giao due BVMT d mdt sd trUdng THPT miln nil! Tdy Bae thdng qua cde chit de sau: Metan va hilu flng ntia kinh, nhifn lilu, sfl dung xdng, ddng co ddt va sy d nhiem khdng khf; CFC (Freon) t i c nhin giy suy gtdm tang ozon; Anh hfldng cda vilc sfl dung chit d i o PE, PVC, nguyen lieu edng nghilp d i n MT sdng; Hifn tupng d i u loang - t i c ddng d i n MT vd cdch xd If, Ham bioga - ngudn lot cho ngudi chdn nudi vd BVMT Trong nam hpc 2013-2014, chung tdi tiln hanh thfle nghifm (TN) sfl pham d Trfldng THPT Chiing Sinh tlnh Son La, THPT Tran Nhit Dudt tinh Yen Bai, Trfldng THPT 3.5 Odnh gid kit qud thUe nghiim Ddn tdc Npi tru huyln Offn Bien, tinh Dtfn Bten Dudi Tai trfldng ede trudng THPT, chflng tdi d i u chpn ddy la mdt sd hlnh dnh hoat ddng cda HS qua trinh Idp ddi ehfltig (DC) vd mdt IdpTN Chpn mdt GV day d cd thfle hifn DA vd sin phim thu dupc * Hinh dnh hoat ddng thuc hiin DA:"Metan vd vdn IdpTN v l DC, d IdpTN cd sd dung DHDA Chiing tdi tiln di biin dii khf hdu" vd so tU cda nhdm HS Trudng hlnh bai kiem tra 45 phut d ed Ic^ dd cd cdc THPT Ddn tdc Ndi tru huyin Diin Biin - tlnh Dien Bien clu hdi tdng ghlp d c kiln thflc BVMT d l ddnh gid hieu Bdng l:T6ng kit nhffng ndi dung dd hgc STT Ndidung Freon Id tfin gpi chung ciia nhCfng hop chit CFC(etoftocacbon), nhU CCI2F2, CCI3F, Nhd cii djch hod hoc tCi lanh mdi lam lanh dupe Dung djch freon ed t h l bay hOi thdnh the khf Khi chuyin sang the khi, freon bdc thing ien tang ozon khf quyen Trdi Ddt va phd vfl Tim hilu mdtsd tdc kit clu eiia nd, Idm gidm ndng khf ozon B i n gifla thap ki 90, them mdt "thO pham tfch nhdn hda lioc gdy cye"nQa dupe phdt hien chfnh id chit thdt cdng nghifp, ddc biet Id cde N0x,C02 Nhflng thCing tang ozon cliat thdl loai van ben bl va dai ding bay vdo biu khf quyln va idm cdng vifc pha hoai tang ozon Anh hudng ndy d n g nghiem han nin cdng nghifp ngdy cdng hifn dat hoa, ddng nghTa vdi qud trinh gia tang manh me sdn xudt cdng nghiep Cd the ndi, N20 da "qua mat" chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) de trd thdnh loai pha huy tang ozon manh nhat Nhidm vu da iam Khi CFC din dupc tang binh luu, dudi tde dung cda tia cUc tfm nd bj phdn hiiy tao Oo nguyen td, vd Cto nguyen td cd tde dyng nhU mdt chat xue tac de phdn tiiiy ozon Cu thl, cdc phan td Cl, F, Br ciia CFC va halon dupe biln ddi thdnh cac nguyfin td (gde) tU hoat tfnh nhd eae phan flng quang hod: CFCta + hv ^ CFCI2 + Cl; CFCt2 + hv - • CFCI + Cl; Co chl phd hiiy tang ozon cua CFC CF2C12 + hv-^ CF2CI + Ct; CF2Ct + hv -»CFCt + Cl Sau do, cdc nguyfin tdCt, F, Br tdc dung huJ diet 03 theo phdn flng: Cl + 03 -* CIO + 02; CIO +03-* Ct +202 Ngudi ta tfnh ring mdt phdn tfl CFC mat trung binh Id 15 ndm de di tfl m?t ddt len din cac tang tren eCia khf quyln vd cd t h l d dd khoing mdt t h l ki, pha hiiy din cd trdm ngdn phdn td ozon thdi gian MT khdng khf dang bj d nhiem nghifim trpng Vi vay, mdl ca nhdn can gidm thilu vile thdi Em da va se lam gi d l gdp phan BVMT khdi bui ngodi khdng nhU han chl dot rdc thai, ede chat tfl nhya tdng hpp Giii gin vf sinh MT chung: Kit hpp BVMT khdng vdi BVMT d i t nUde khdng khi? Dau tu nghien cdu vdo cdc chuong trinh gidm thilu d nhilm MT 4 KHOA HOC t l i O DUC THUC TliN GlAO DUG i Qua cde bdng sd lieu va Hinh eho thay gia trj tmng binh dilm kilm tra cfla ldp TN (7,30) eao hOn tdp DC (6,48); g i l trj mod (yeu vj: Gia Bdng 2: Bdng phdn b6 tdn so, tdn suat diim kiim tra d cdc idp TN vd DC trj ed tan sd Idn nhit) dilm kiem HS tra cda d c IdpTN la dilm 7, cda DilmXi Dilm LOP d^t cle tdp DC Id dilm 6; tfl gid tri TB dilm mod trd xudng (diem d i n 10 diem 1), t i n sd vd t i n suit dilm 12 0 26 25 16 TN SL 30 eua eac tdp OC eao hon d e tdp 8B 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,14 9,09 13,64 29,55 28,41 18,18 0,00 TN vd ngupe tai td gia trj mod 13 23 16 13 11 OC SL trd ten (diem d i n dilm 10) t i n 6.48 86 0,00 0,00 1,16 10,47 15,12 26,74 18,60 15,12 12,79 0,00 sd v l tdn suit dilm eda d c tdp TN cao hon cdc tdp DC; phflong Bing 3•Tdl sudthqitij tien diem kiim tia Idp TNvdDC sai dilm kiem tra ciia Idp DC (0,17) eao hon Idp DC (0,13), dp tfeh chuin dilm kilm tra eda tdp DC (1,55) eao hon 10 tdp b e (1,24) Nhuvdy, dilm kilm tra d cle IdpTN tap DC too 100 100 9SM 88,37 73,26 46,51 27,91 12,79 0,00 trung hon so vdi tdp OC Qua Hinh cho thay, dfldng tieh dilm b l i kilm tra eda tdp TN nam phfa trfn, ben TO 100 100 100 100 98,86 89,77 76,14 46,59 18,18 0,00 ptili so vert dudng tich dilm b i l kilm tra eua Idp DC Tfl sd lieu Bdng ve bieu d d tan suit diem bdi kiem Nhuvdy, dilm kiem tra d IdpTN caohonsovdi tdp DC Bdng cleh sfl dung cdng thfle tinh gid trj p (p la xic suit tra Idp T N v d D C ( H i n h l ) xiy ngau nhiln) phip kilm ehdng T-test d phin Hinh 1: Biiu d6 tdn sudt diim kiem tra TN m i m Excel d l kiem tra xem chenh lleh g i l trj tmng binh cfla nhdm TN vd DC ed khd ndng xiy nglu nhiln hay khdng chflng tdt nhin dupe kit qud: p = 0,0001 < 0,05 (bing 2.3) NhU vdy, chlnh lich gid trj trung binh diem kilm tra cda IdpTN vd DC la cd j^ nghTa (chlnh lfch khdng cd ndng xdy ngau nhifn m l t i c ddng cda PPDHDA) Dd ehinh lleh gid trj trung binh ehuan SMD = 0,53 (bing 2.3.) eho thiy, mflc dd dnh hudng t i c ddng cda PPDH DA d i n sU chlnh lleh gia tri tnjng binh cda nhdm TN vd DC tdn Td sd tifu Bdng ve thj oUdng tfeh bdi k i l m Ngodi k i t qud thfle nghifm, ehung tdi danh gia v l tinh than thai dp cda eua HS thdng qua bdng kilm tra eda tdp TN vd OC (Hinh 2) quan slt eda GV GV ddnh gid HS ldp TN rit tieh eye cdc Hlnh 2:06 thj dudng luy tich bdi kiim tra d Idp TN vd DC em cham chi hpp t i c vd phdt huy tu sing tao q u i trinh thuc tiien DA nghiln eflu Trong qua trinh to chflc thd nghifm, chung tdi da thu thdp y Idln eda HS va GV thdng qua phdng van va philu tU ddnh gid cOa HS Kit q u i thu dUpe eho thiy HS rat thfch thii v l tfch cue nghiln ciiu, tim hilu v l d e ndi dung Vdi GV, chflng tdi nhin dupc y kiln cho ring ddy Id nhutig vin de d p thilt, rit bd fcli mang tfnh thdt sU cln dugc dua vao chUOng trinh mdn hpc Ket iuin GD BVMT eho HS thdng qua day hpc hda hpe II Cdc tham sd thdng ke dde trUng diem kilm tra tdp v i n d l d n t h i l t d l dio tao ngudn nhin luc phyc vy TNvlDC: cho su nghifp phat triln v l hpl nhdp cda dat nude mdt Bdng 4: Cdc tham s6 thdng ke ddc trUng diim d e h b i n vCfng Vifc tich hpp GD BVMT cho HS mfln kiem tra Idp TN vd DC ndi Tiy Ble thdng qua DHDA mdn Hda hpc, ddc b i l t phin Hda hpc Hflu coTHPT d l dem lai nhCfng k i t LdpTN Ldp DC Cdc tham sd q u i tfeh cue Vile sd dyng phdi hpp cde PPDH tfch cue 7,30 6,48 Tmnq blnh (Mean) vifc tfch hpp ndi dung kiln thde BVMT thdng qua 1,54 2,41 Phuonq sai fVartance) d c b l i hpc chuyen d l eu t h l eung vdi boat ddng xa Ylu vi (Mode) hot t h i l t thue hudng dng eudc vdn ddng BVMT d dja 1,24 1,55 Dd l*ch chuin (Standard Deviation) ptiuong se giup cho HS ed kiln thdc ki nlng boat dpng Qd trio cua T-test 0,0001 hpp t i e va thdi dp tfeh cue vife BVMT sdng efla 0,53 CMnh Ifich aid trITB chuin (SMD) chdng ta q u i cda vifc sd dyng DHDA d l tfch hop GD BVMT eho HS K i t q u i thuc n g h i f m dupe trinh bay d BSng % % m m ^^> ::s sdizz-n G lions • 45 ' ^ THUC T I I N GIAO DUC _ ehf Giao due so 315, n i m 2013, tr 45-47 TAi Li|U THAM K H A O [6] Pham Van ThUdng, Oang Dinh Bach, (2001), [1 ] Vu Odng Dp, (1999), Hda hoc vd sud nhiim mdi Gido trinh ca sd Hda hgc mdi trifdng, NXB Khoa hpe KT trudng, NXB Gilo due [2] Phan Thj Lac Tran Thj Nhung, Odng Thj Oanh, thudt HdNdi SUMMARY Cao Thi Thdng, Vu Anh Tuan, (2008), Gido due bdo vi mdi Educatingenvironmentalprotectionfarstudentsisone trudng mdn Hda hgc tmng hgc thdng NXB Gido ofthe importantand urgent tasksat schools in the contex due HI Not [3] Bd Gilo dye vd Odo tao, (2010), Dqy vd hqc tich ofnational development and integration.The development cue-Mdtsd phuang phdp vd ki thudt dgy hoc, NXB Dai hpe of science-technology and technology requires people wi knowledge and understand environmental protection SU pham HI Npi [4] Nguyen Thj Thu Hing, (2014), Gido due mdi In the article, the author presents the initial findings of trUcmg thdng qua dgy hgc dUdn chuctng nhdm cacbon - environmental protection education for students in the Hda hqc 11 ndng cao, Ludn van thac st SU pham Hda hpe, Tay Bacmountalnous areathroughproject- teaching the Organic Chemistry section Grade 11 Trudng Dai hpe Gido dye - Dai hpe Qudc gia Ha Not Keywords: Environmental protection education; [5] Nguyin Thj Sdu, Pham IHdng Ble Tich hop gido due mdi trudng dgy hqc phdn Hda hgc Phi kim trung project-teaching;high schooi;Tay Bacmountalnous area hoc ph6 thdng qua viic sddung dgy hqc theo du dn, Tap Organic Chemistry IIIIIIIIIIII1I1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIII1II1IIIIIIIIIIIKIIIIIII' I l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l XAY DUNG BAi TAP GAN LiEN VOll (Tiip theo trang 34) - kiin eOa gidng vien vi quy trinh xdy dung BT - Odnh gid cda gidng viin vichdt IffOng hi thong BTdffgc xdy dung theo quy trinh thff nghiim gdn liin vdl PPDH: 100% gtlng vien cho ring he thongBT dupe xdy Bdng 1: Ddnh gid cCia gidng viin vimUc dd ph (ihai: cda dflng da cd sfl thay ddi v l chit lupng so vdi nhdng BT quy trinh xdy dung BT trflde diy d clc y l u cau: BT sfl dyng phu hpp vdl PPDH, d i p flng dflpc mye tieu day hpe v l chuan d i u ra, ylu clu Mdc eda BT phin Inh thflc tien y l u d u eua day hpe d trudng Quy trinh xiy dUng BT phd thdng, t i l u chf dinh gid k i t q u i tam BT phu hop vdl Phd hop Phan ChUa cho module ddi mdl dinh g l l NL SV, Tit c l giing viln tham gia thfl van phdho^ nghifm d i u khing ^nh:ThUc hiln quy trtnh trfn SL SL SL xdy dung BT ddt hdi phli d i u tU nhilu thdl gian, edng sde, tri tuf vd t i m huylt vdi nghi Thuc hiln dieu kidn tien K^ luin quylt Nghifin cdu bp 90 10 0 Xdy dyng vd sd dyng BT day hpc khdng t h l chuan NL dau ra; thilt tdch rcri PPDH D l cle BT mang tfnh thi, cd gil tri lap mdi quan hf gifla ndi vile hinh thdnh, phit trien NL ngudi hpe td dung day hpc vdt PPDH khdu xiy dung, BT phli xult phit tfl ntiflng NL cln hlnh vd BT can xdy diing d ngudi hoe va phuc vu eho ^ dd PPDH nhit djnh - BUdc 1: Xdc djnh loai BT TAILI£UTHAMKHAO can xay dflng phu hop 10 100 0 0 [1] Thdi Duy Tuyin, (2008), PPDH truyin thSng vd vdi PPDH djnh sd dung doi mdi, NXB Gido due eho module vd tao duoc [2] Ddng Thdnh Hflng, Thiit ki PPDH theo hffdng CO hdi phat triln NL nghi tfch cue /jod Tap chf Gilo due sd 102 (ehuyin di), qu^ nghifp eho SV iV/2004, trang 10 [3] Nguyin Van CUdng ~ Bernd Meier, (2014), Ll - Budc 2: Xay dUng tifiu 10 100 0 0 ludn dqy hqc hiin dqi, NXB Oai hoc Sfl pham chl eiia ST [4] Nguyin VIn Cudng - Bernd Meier, (2005), Phdt - Bude 3: SUu t i m cae BT trien NL thdng qua phuang phdp vd phuang tiin dqy hgc hode tao BT md^ dam 10 100 0 0 mdi (Tdi tifu hdj^thlo - tap huln), Bd Gido dye vd Odo tao blo cac tieu chf ci^a ioai - Du an Phdt trien Gilo vtf n trung tipc phd thdng BT da lya chpn [5] Rotiert J.Marzano - Debra J.Piekering - Jane E.Poltock, (2011), Cdc PPDH hi^u qud, NXB Gidoduc Vlf t Nam - Budc 4: Xdc djnh tifiu chi dinh gil kit qud Idm BT 10 100 0 0 SUMMARY Kit q u i d Bing eho thay: 100% giing vifn tham Developing assignments together with teaching gia thfl nghilm ddng y vile xiy dung BT g i n tiln vdi methods in teaching Education towards competence PPDH bao gdm bUdc vd dilu kiln t i f n quylt Tuy developmentisanissueofgreatconcem.Thearticleanalyze nhien, mpt tf tf nhd gidng viln cdn phan vdn v l vilc cd process to developassignmentsin a teaching module wit steps This process will contribute to solving the difficul nin hay khdng nen dua dilu kifn t i l n quylt vdo quy that teachers and students encountered, considered a trinh xiy dflng BT Vife xdy dflng BT nfn dflpe tdm rd tfl conditiontororganiang elective Education teaching bfldc xde dinh toai BT can xdy dflng phu hpp vdl PPDH Keywords: T&iching methods; assignments; Educatio % 46*KHQAHOCGIAOOIH; % % ... tfeh eye vdi d e lioat ddng BVMT GD BVMT cho HS m i l n niii tiidng qua DHDA phan Hda lioc Hufu co idp 11 THPT 3.1 DHDA - phffctng phdp hiiu qud vige GO BVMT cho HS dgy hgc hda hgc DHDA td PPDH dd... cd t h l thyc hifn nhilm vy ndy thdng qua vifc sfl dyng clc phuong phdp vd ki thuat day hoc khac de td ehfle ede hoat ddng hpe t f p da dang cho HS Thdng qua cdc boat ddng hpe t i p ndy de tfch... Nhu vdy, DHDA se tao cho HS thdi quen ddl minh vao vj trf nhdng ngudi ludn quan tdm vd ed hdnh ddng tfch eye vdi nhilm vy GD BVMT nhu: Nhdn bilt vin d l thyc tien ed tiln quan d i n GDMT vd dUa