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Tqp chi khoa hgc trUdng Dqi hgc Quy Nhctn Tqp V, sd 1 nam 2011 GIAO DVC BAO V( IVIOI TRUING VA CAC DJA C H ! GIAO DUG BAO Vfi MOI TRl/CfNG TRONG CHlJCfNG TRINH SACH GIAO KHOA DIA LI BAN CCf B A N THPT[.]
Tqp chi khoa hgc trUdng Dqi hgc Quy Nhctn Tqp V, sd nam 2011 GIAO DVC BAO V(: IVIOI TRUING VA CAC DJA C H ! GIAO DUG BAO Vfi MOI TRl/CfNG TRONG CHlJCfNG TRINH SACH GIAO KHOA DIA LI BAN CCf B A N THPT LUCfNG THI VAN", NGUYIN HUU XUAN^ PHAN THAI LE^ NGUYEN THI HUYEN" GIAO DUC BAG VE MOI TRUCfNG VA PHLfCfNG THLfC GIAO DUG BAO VE M I TRLfCfNG d TRUCfNG PHO THONG 1.1 Giao diic bao v^ mdi trffoTng nha trffc^ng ph^ thong Thudt ngff GDMT Id each gpi tat eua gido due bdo ve mdi trffdng (BVMT) dffdc the' gidi sff dung nhieu vdo nhffng ndm 1960, nhd't Id tff thap ki 80 cho de'n nay, todn nhdn loai dang chffng kie'n sff quan tdm rdng ldn vd sau sac ve mdi trffdng tren mpi linh vffe Ddc biet la sff quan tdm cffa the' be tre-mdt the' he mud'n bieu bie't nhieu hdn ve viec lam the ndo de cd the ddng gdp, giff gin bdnh tinh trdi dd't eua chung ta effng vdi sff doi ddo, ben vffng cdc nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien (TNTN) nham dam bao cho sff phat trien effa cbinh minh va cho ea nhffng the he mai sau GDMT dffdc coi Id mdt nhffng bien phap khdn ngoan vd bieu qua nhd't giffp ngffdi ed nhdn thffc, thdi dp vd hdnh ddng dung dan qud trinh khai tbde, sff dung hdp li cdc nguon TNTN, md trffde bet vd quan trpng hdn bet Id gido due cho hpc sinh d ta't ca cdc ed'p bpe, bde bpe vd ngdnb bpe, ddc biet Id bpe sinh bac phd thdng; vi GDMT cho bpe sinh (HS) d trffdng phd thdng khdng nhffng chi dat dffdc ke't qua trffde mat ma cdn dat dffdc nhffng ldi icb ldu ddi Sff thdnh dat tffdng lai effa HS phu thudc vdo sff phdt trien ben vffng (PTBV) bien bdn bat ky nhdm ddn cff ndo khde Vd trffdng hpc Id ndi ed nhieu dieu kien thudn ldi nhd't cho viec tde ddng vdo y thffc BVMT effa the be tre, Trong nhd trffdng, qua trinh gido due dffdc tien hanh theo cae chffdng trinh vd ke hoach chat che, cdc phffdng phdp gido due khoa bpe cho phep tac ddng den tffng ed the HS Dieu dd dam bao cdc quye't dinh cd dnh hffdng tdi mdi trffdng se dffdc chi ddn dly dff bdi sff bieu biet vd kinh nghiem eua dpi ngff gido vien (GV) [1], [2], [6] GDMT khdng nhd't thie't la mdt mdn bpe ddc lap rieng biet, chffa dffng be thd'ng eac khdi niem khoa hpc nhff cdc mdn hpc khde, md GDMT mang ddc tinh eua mdt chffdng trinh bdnh ddng theo md hinh: Ve mdi trffdng, Vi mdi trffdng vd Trong mdi trffdng (Hinh 1) Vi vdy, GDMT dffdc tie'p can theo hffdng thffc tiln Ngffdi ta quan tdm de'n mue tieu, chien Iffdc, chffdng trinh hanh ddng, phffdng phdp trien khai, cdc san pham gido due vd cdeh xdy dffng cdc nguon lffe, de tien hanh giao due BVMT bdn la cung ca'p cdc kie'n thffc ly thuye't thuan ve mdi trffdng [5], [7] 88 LUdNG THI VAN NGUYEN H0U XUAN, PHAN THAI Lfe, NGUYfeN THI HUYEN Hi§'u bi^'t \i mdi trffdng Kien thffc Nguydn nhan Hau qua < = > Th^idO dung ddn \i mdi trif^ng Y thffc Quan tdm Lfng xff < = > Kha ndng hanh dpng cd hi^u qua mdi trifoTng - Thdi quen - Kl ndng td chffc hdnh ddng mdi trffdng Hinh Md hinh cua gido due BVMT Hdi nghi Lien cbinh phO lln I ve GDMT tai Tbilisi, (Grudia, ndm 1977), gido due BVMT dffdc bieu Id "mpt qud trinh tao dffng cho eon ngffdi nhffng nhdn thffc va mdi quan tdm ddi vdi mdi trffdng eCing vdi cdc vd'n d^ lien quan den mdi trffdng, cho moi ngffdi deu ed dly du kie'n thffc, thdi dp, ^ thffc vd ky ndng dd cd the boat ddng mdt cdeh ddc lap, bode phd'i hdp nhdm tim giai phdp cho cdc vd'n de mdi trffdng bien tai va ngdn chdn nhffng vd'n de mdi trffdng ed the xdy tffdng lai" Cd the khdi qudt mdt so sff kien ve gido due BVMT tren the gidi nhffng thap nien nffa eudi the ky XX qua bdng tdm tdt dffdi ddy: Bdng Mdt sd su kien gdn liin vdi sU phdt trien GDMT trin thi' gidi Nam Sff ki^n Hdi thao QT ve mdi 1970 trffdng Hiep bdi qud'c te bao ve thien nhien (lUCN) td chffc Hdi nghi Lien cbinh phff 1972 ve mdi trffdng nhdn vdn 1975 Hdi thdo Qud'c te ve gido due mdi trffdng Hdi nghi Lien cbinh phu 1977 lln thff nhd't ve gido due mdi trffdng Hdi nghi Lien cbinh phu 1987 lln thff bai ve gido due mdi trffdng Hdi nghi Lien hiep qudc ve 1992 mdi trffdng va phdt trien 2002 Hdi nghi Thffdng dinh ve phdt trien Dia di^m NOi dung GDMT Mdt sd' khdi niem GDMT dffdc de Carson (bang Nevada, xud't Hoa Ky) Stockholm (Thuy Dien) Cbinb thffc cdng nhan khdi niem GDMT; Thdnh lap Chffdng trinh Mdi trffdng LHQ (UNEP) Belgrade Xdy dffng Chffdng ffinb GDMT qudc (Nam Tff cu) te UNEP va UNESCO chu tri Tbilisi Ddnh gid sff phdt trien effa GDMT, (Lien Xd cu) dffa tuyen ngdn va khuyen nghi ve GDMT Moscow Ddnh gid ket qua 10 nam thffc hien (Lien Xd cu) GDMT vd xdy dffng cdc ffu tien ve GDMT cho thap ky 90 Rio de Janeiro Chffdng 36 cffa Chffdng tritab Nghi (Brasin) sff 21 de xua't GDMT nhff la mot yeu to Uen ngdnb Johannesburg Thie't lap Id trinh PTBV gan vdi (Nam Phi) xda ddi giam ngheo, BVMT, dd'y manh giao due, cai thien y te Ngudn [2] GIAO DUC BAO VE MOI TRUCtNG VA CAC BIA CHJ GIAO DUC BAO VE MOI TRU6NG Giao due BVMT nham td'i ffu hda mdi quan he giffa eon ngffdi vd mdi trffdng Trong do, nhd trffdng phd thdng ed vai trd ddc biet quan trpng Kien thffc phd thdng la kie'n thffc nen tang ve tff nhien vd xa hdi dien xung quanh HS Ta't ea cdc mdn hpc d bac phd thdng deu giup HS nhdn thffc vi the gidi tff nhien vd cdeh thffc khai thdc, sff dung the gidi tff nhien de phdt trien KT-XH Dd Id tien de ed bdn gidp cdc em bffdc vdo ddi, lam chu the mpi qud trinh tde ddng khai tbde, sff dung TNTN tffdng lai Do dd, gido due BVMT phai dffdc hda nhap vdo td't ed cdc mdn bpe vd phdi dffdc "tich hdp" hdp li ndi dung cdc chffdng trinh mdn bpe d nhd trffdng phd thdng Trong dd, Dia li vdi ddc tbil rieng cffa bd mdn ed nhieu ffu the' vd thudn ldi de tie'n hdnh trien khai GDMT [5] Vdi quan diem ndy, gido due BVMT da gdp phan dinh hffdng lai chffdng trinh vd SGK chff khdng yeu clu bode ddi hdi phai tdng thdi Iffdng, tdng them ndi dung chffdng trinh bode ndi dung SGK nhff nhieu ngffdi vdn llm tffdng Gido due BVMT dffdc tie'n bdnh theo "Cdeh khai thdc" tff ndi dung chffdng trinh SGK (GS Ho Ngpc Dai), phai Id mdt qud trinh gido due dffdc td chffc thdng qua cdc boat ddng thffc tien ld'y HS ldm trung tdm, tao cd hdi cho HS bde Id y thffc, tinh cam, thai dp, hanh vi ffng xff eua minh trffde nhffng vd'n de mdi trffdng cu the Cbinh vi vdy, gido due BVMT cdn mang lai hieu qua to ldn viec edi thien ndng lffe nghiep vu cho GV vdi tff cdeh la ngffdi hffdng ddn hdn Id ngffdi thuye't giang [6], [7] 1.2 Phffdng thffc tich hdp giao due BVMT d trffdng pho' thong GDMT la mdt linh vffe gido due lien ngdnb, la cdeh tiep can xuyen bd mdn Do vdy, GDMT khdng ddi bdi phai ghep them vdo chffdng trinh nhff Id mdt mdn bpe rieng biet bode tang them ve dung Iffdng vdo SGK ma nd Id mdt hffdng hda nhap, tich hdp vdo chffdng trinh SGK Dd'i vdi chffdng trinh cbinh kbda, GDMT dffdc khai tbde, tich hdp vao mdn hpc theo mffc dp: * Tich hgfp toan phIn (Dang 1): Cdc bai bpe, chffdng bpe rieng biet cd mue tieu vd ndi dung kien thffc phff hdp hodn todn vdi mue tieu va ndi dung cffa GDMT * Tich hdp tffng p h l h (Tich hgTp bO phSn-D^ng 2): Chi ed mdt sd pbin nhd't dinh eua bai bpe ed lien quan trffc tie'p vdi ndi dung giao due BVMT, dffdc the bien bang mdt mue rieng, mdt doan, mdt 5^ bay mdt vdi cau bai bpe * Tich hdp lien he (Dang 3): Ndi dung kien thffc cua bai bpe khdng ed ham y chffa dffng mue tieu, ndi dung GDMT, nhffhg thudc vdo ndi dung bdi bpe va dieu kien thffc te md GV ed the Hen be, bd sung nhffng vd'n de ve mdi trffdng vdo bdi, cho ndi dung bai bpe va ndi dung lien he ed sff phu hdp, thd'ng nhd't chat che [2], [6], [7] 89 LUdNG THI VAN, NGUYEN HlfU XUAN, PHAN THAI Lfe, NGUYfeN THI HUY^N 90 Phtfcfng thffc tich h^p GDMT Ldng ghip Tich h^p To^n phIn MOt phdn Mdn hgc riing Lign h^ Hinh Phuong thffc khai thdc tich hgp GDMT NOI DUNG VA NGUYEN TAC GIAO DUC BVMT TRONG DAY HOC DIA LI 2.1 Npi dimg giao due BVMT chffdng trinh SGK Dfa li Chffdng trinh SGK Dia li ed ndi dung ra't gan gui vdi nhffng vd'n de ve moi trffdng Trong dd, Dia li ldp 10 trang bi cho HS nhffng kie'n thffc chff ye'u ve dia 11 dai effdng (Tff nhien, KT-XH); Dia li ldp 11 trang bi nhffng kien thffc chu yeu ve dac diem nen KT-XH the gidi vd dia li KT-XH cae nffdc; Dia li ldp 12 trang bi nhffng kie'n thffc chu ye'u ve dia li tff nhien vd KT-XH Viet Nam Tuy nhien, ndi dung va thdi Iffdng eua chffdng trinh giffa Ban Cd ban va Ban Ndng eao cd sff khde Bang Phdn phd'i chUOng trinh Dia li THPT Ldp 10 11 12 Chffcrng trinh cff ban Chffotag trinh nSng cao Ca ndm 52 tidt - HKl (35 tiet): tiet/tuin x 16 tuan & tiet/tuan x tuln HKl (17 tiet): 1tiet/tuanx 17 tuan Ca nam 70 ti§'t HKl (36 tiet): tiet/tuan x 17 tuln & tiet/tuIn X tuan HK2 (34 tiet): tiet/tuan x 16 tuln & 1tie^t/tulnX tuln Ca nam 35 tid't Ca nam 52 ti§'t - HKl (18 tiet): tiet/tuan x 18 tuan HKl (18 tiet): tiet/tuan x 18 tuln HK2 (17 tiet): 1tiet/tuanx 17 tuan - HK2 (34 tiet): tiet/tiiln x 16 tuln &1 tiet/tuan x tuln Ca nam 52 ti§'t Ca nam 70 tife't - HKl (18 tiet): tiet/tuIn x 18 tuln HKl (37 tiet): tiet/tuan x 18 tiiln - HK2 (34 tiet): tiet/tuIn x 16 tuln & tiet/min x tuln & tiet/tuIn x tuln HK2 (33 tiet): tiet/tuIn x 15 tuln & tiet/tuIn x tuln Ngudn [3] GlAo DUC BAO VE MOI TRUING VA CAC DIA CHJ GlAO DUC B Ao VE M I TRU6NG Nghien cffu ndi dung SGK eua cdc chffdngff-inbnhff tr6n, thd'y rang: He thdng tri thffc dffdc ehuyen tdi tff khoa hpc Dia li vdo mdn Dia li nhd trffdng ed quan be mat thiet vdi cdc ti-i thffc cda khoa bpe Mdi trffdng vd cdc vd'n d l ve mdi trffdng bien Cae kie'n thffc ve cdc yeu td cffa MTTN, MTXH vd md'i quan be qua lai giffa chung cOng la mdt pbIn ei5a kien thffc dia li Do vdy, mdn Dja li trffdng phd thdng cd nhieu dieu kien thudn ldi de khai tbde, tich hdp gido due BVMT cho HS bdn eac mdn bpe khde tiieo ba mffc dp tich hdp Ba mffc dO ndy cOng dffdc coi nhff Id ba dang cd bdi tich hdp gido due BVMT day bpe mdn Dia li 2.2 Nguydn tMc giao dye BVMT mdn Dfa li GDMT day bpe Dia li d trffdng phd thdng phdi ddm bao nguyen tac cd ban nhff sau: - Nguydn t i c 1: Ddm bao tinh khoa bpe cua chffdng trinh mdn bpe Khai thdc GDMT phai dffa vdo chffdng trinh vd ndi dung SGK Dia b theo dang ed bdi, khdng ldm bien md't "ddc trffng dia li" cda mdn bpe, khdng bie'n bdi bpe Dia \i thdnh bdi bpe khoa bpe Mdi trffdng tbuin - Nguyen tac 2: Khai thdc, tich hdp GDMT phai dam bao tinh vffa sffe va hdp b, cd chpn Ipc va tap trung vdo nhffng chffdng, bdi, mue nhd't dinh, tranh ddn trai trdn lan, tien bode gffdng ep, sdo rong, md't thdi gian nhffng khdng dat bieu qua - Nguydn tac 3: Tao dieu kien vd cd hdi td'i da cho HS tff duy, phdt buy tinh tich effc nhdn thffc, bde Id dffdc suy nghi, tinh cam, gid tri dao dffc, chia se nhffng kinh nghiem ma HS da cd thffc tiln, tan dung mpi kha ndng ed the cho HS tie'p can trffc tie'p vdi mdi trffdng, nhd't la mdi trffdng "ed vd'n de" tai dia phffdng [6], [7] CAC DIA CHi GIAO DUC BVMT TRONG CHUONG TRINH SGK DIA LI BAN Cd BAN THPT Nghien cffu ndi dung chffdng trinh SGK Dia b ldp 10, ldp 11 vd ldp 12 Ban Cd ban, xdc dinh dffdc dia chi cdc bai chu yeu ed kha ndng khai tbde tich hdp GDMT va mdt so ndi dung tich hdp GDMT nhff sau: Bdng Dia chi cdc bdi Dia li ldp 10 co khd ndng tich hgp gido due BVMT XT Bai sd'/T^n bai Dia chi tich h^p SGK Bai Vu try He Mue I Mat trdi va Trai dat Vij tru H6 qua ehuyen He Mat trdi dong trf quay quanh Trai Dat he Mat Trdi true cua Trdi dat Mue II Srf luan phien dem Srf lech hrfdng ehuyen ddng cua cac vat the NOi dung tich hoTp GDMT Mffc dO tich h^p Tinh he thd'ng Bo phan (Phan he) cua moi trrfdng Quy luat trf nhien Vdn dung quy luat Lien he trf nhien thrfc tiln 91 Ll/dNG THI V AN, NGUYEN H C U XUAN PHAN THAI Lfe, NGUYEN TM HUY^N 92 Bai H^ qud Cau hdi vd bdi tdp Srf thay ddi miia tde Lien h$ chuydn dOng xung "Ddm thdng chrfa ndm dpng den cdnh quan quanh Mdt Trdi cua da sdng Ngdy thdng 10 vd mdi trrfdng trf nhien chrfa crfdi da tdi" Trdi Dd't Mue 11: Tde dOng ci5a Cdc hau qud tde Bp ph$n dOng nOi Irfc ddi vdi nOi Irfc din dia hinh n0i Irfc ddi so'ng phdt tridn vd Lien h6 be mdt Trai Dat moi trrfdng: dpng dd't, Bdi Tde dOng cua nui lffa, sdng thin, B a i Tde ddng - Mue II: Tde dpng ci3a Tde ddng cua van ehuyen vd bdi tu Bp phan ngoai Irfc de'n dia ngoai Irfe hinh be mdt Trdi Dd't + Qud trinh van chuydn quan thien nhien, Lien he + Qud trinh bdi tu den srf thay ddi cdnh moi trrfdng, ddi song ngrfdi (thay ddi dong chdy, dd't canh tac bi thu hep, ) Bai 10 Thrfc hanh Nhan xet ve srf Mue 2/II: Nhan xet ve Hoat dpng cua cae srf phan bo' cac vanh dai vanh dai nui lffa dd'i Lien he phan bd' eac vanh nui lffa, dong dd't va cdc vdi ddi sd'ng phat dai dong dd't trien cac qud'c gia viing nui tre (lich sff thien tai dpng dd't va nui Iffa) Bai 11 Khi quyen Mue b/l/I: Tang binh IrfU - Ddc diem va vai tro Bp phan Srf phan bo' nhiet - Mue l/II: Bffe xa va cua tang ozdn tren Trdi Dat nhiet dp khong - Khi nha kinh -Cau 1/Cduh6ivabdit2ip - Bdo ve tang ozdn Lien he va BVMT Nhan to' sinh thai dd'i vdi cay trdng va vat nudi Bai 15 Thuy quyen Mue 2/II: Dia the, thrfc Mot so' nhan td anh vat vd ho dim hrfdng tdi che' Mue 2/III: Vai trd dieu tie't Bp phan can bang sinh thai Sdng cua tham thrfc vat nrfde sdng Mot so' Amazon (rffng), hd d i m song ldn tren Trdi Dd't - Ld phdi cua toan clu GlAODUC BAO VE MOI T R U N G VA CAC DIA CHI GIAO DUC B A O VE MOI TRUCfNG Bai 16 Sdng, thuy - Mue I: Sdng bidn trieu, ddng bien - Mue II: ThCy triiu 10 Bai 17 Thd nhrfdng quyen Cdc nhan td' hinh thd' nhrfSng Bai 18 Sinh quyen Cac nhan to' anh hrfdng d6'n srf phat trien va phan bo' eiia sinh vat - Mue II: Cdc nhan to'hinh dat - Mue I: Sinh quyen - Mue II: Cdc nhan to' dnh hrfdng ddn srf phdt trien va phan bo' sinh vat 11 Bai 19 Srf phan bd Mue I: Kieu rrfng va dat sinh vat va dd't tren ddi ndng Trai Dd't 12 Bai 20 Ldp vo dia li - Mue 3/II: Y nghia thrfc Quy luat thd'ng nha't tiin va hoan chinh ciia - Cau 3/Cau hoi va bai tap Idp vd dia li Bai 22 Ddn sd va srf Mue l/II: Gia tang trf gia tang dan s6' nhien - Phu luc bdi 22 13 Tde hai eua sdng than ddi vdi ddi sdng vd MTTN Vai tro cua thiiy trieu doi vdi cdc bai trieu, h^ sinh thdi rffng ngap man Vai tro tich crfc va tieu crfc cda ngrfdi ddi vdi phi nhieu cua dat Vai trd can bang sinh thdi cua sinh quyen Md^i quan he giffa cac nhan td sinh thai -> quan thd Srf thay ddi ve hinh thai va srf suy gidm ve so' Irfpng, cha't Irfpng cac loai dd't, rrfng ddi ndng Tinh phan bac, he thong cua moi trrfdng Quy dinh pham vi va mffc khai thdc, sff dung ciia ngrfdi de'n cac ngudn TNTN va moi trrfdng Hau qud ciia tang ddn so' trf nhien -> biing nd dan so' dd'i vdi phat trien KTXH vd mdi trrfdng - Quan he giffa tang trf nhien vdi tudi thp binh quan ciia cac nrfde phat trien vd dang phdt trien 93 Bp phan Lien he Bo phan Bp phan Lien he Bp phan Bp phan Lien he Toan phan Lien he LUdNG THI VAN, NGUYEN H C U XUAN, PHAN THAI Lfe, NGUYEN THI HUY^N 94 Bai 23 CP ca'u dan sd Mue 2/II: Cd ed'u ddn sd Mdi quan h^ giffa Bd phan tdng ddn so' trf nhien, theo trinh dO vdn hda bDng nd ddn so' vdi Lien he trinh dd ddn tri vd cha't Irfpng cude sd'ng ciia cdc nrfde phdt tridn vd dang phdt trien 14 15 16 17 Nan thd't nghiep Bp phan Bai 24 Phan bd dan Mue b/3/III: Anh hrfdng erf Cdc loai hinh quin ti^u crfc ci3a dd thi hda nghdo ddi, b#nh tat, ddn phdt trien kinh te-xa nhd chudt, d erf vd thi hda nhiem mdi trrfdng, hOi vd mdi trrfdng tinh hinh trat trf, tri an vd gia tang bao Irfc xa hpL Bai 27 Vai tro, dac diem, cac nhan to' anh hrfdng den phat trien va phan bd' nong nghiep Mdt so' hinh thrfc td chffc lanh thd nong nghiep Bai 28 Dia li nganh trdng trot Mdi quan he giffa Bp phan Mue 2/1: Dac diem Mue II: Cac nhan to' anh cae dieu k i e n trf hrfdng tdi phdt trien vd nhien vd KT XH phan bd' ndng nghiep den ndng sud't va sdn Lien he Irfpng ndng nghiep Phat trien ndng nghiep sinh thdi, Mue III: Nganh trdng Tdi nguy6n rffng bi Bp phan rffng suy giam Dien tich riftig mdi khdng bii dap drfpe dien tich riftig bi khai thdc, phd hiiy -> md't can bang sinh thai Bai 29 Dia li nganh - Mue 2/1: Dac diem Phrfdng thffc chdn chdn nudi - Mue 11: Cdc nganh chdn tha trf nhien (du Bd phdn nudi canh, du mue) 18 - Mue III: Ngdnb nudi -^ khai tbde rffng, tdn Lien he trdng tbdy sdn phd mdi trrfdng Viing cffa sdng, cffa bien vd d i m phd bi thay ddi vd d nhiim nang G I A O D U C B A O VE MOI TRUCJNG VA CAC DIA CHi GlAO DUC B A O V E M O I TRUCfNG Bai 30 Thrfc hdnh 19 Ve bidu true tung Ap Irfc ciia quy md ve va phan tich bidu vd tinh binh quan Irfdng ddn so' doi vdi van de Lien he ve san Irfdng thrfc theo diu ngrfdi cua Irfdng thrfc thrfc Irfdng thrfc, dan sd' thd gidi vd mOt so' nrfde ph^m -> ngheo ddi cua the gidi va mpt Nhdn x6t dd'i vdi cac nrfde so' qud'c gia dang phdt trien Bai 31 Vai tro va dac Mue b/2/I: Sdn xua't cdng diem 20 cda cdng nghiep cd tinh chat tap - Can kift suy giam Lien he nghiep Cac nhan to' trung cao dp cdc ngudn TNTN va anh hrfdng tdi srf mdi trrfdng phdt tridn va phdn bd' cdng nghiep Bai 32 Dia li cdc Hinh 32.1: Khai thdc diu nganh cdng nghiep tren bien Viet Nam Phat thdi cdng Bp phan nhieu CO,, SO 2' Hinh 32.2: Nha may -> didn ddt d An Dp d nhiim X, Lien he quyen, bien & dai Hinh 32.5: Khai thae drfdng 21 quang sat va san xua't Nganh cdng nghiep thep tren the' gidi, thdi ki phat thai nhieu cha't 2000-2003 CFC -^ tham gia gay - Cau 1/Cau hoi va bai tap suy giam tang ozdn - Mue V: Cdng nghiep vd 16 thung tang hda chat ozdn Bai 34 Thrfc hdnh - Mue 2: Nhan xet bieu Nhip dieu tang san Lien he 22 Ve bieu tinh hinh Irfdng than, dau md san xua't mpt so' san dien, thep, dd'i vdi pham cdng nghiep PTBV tren t/gidi Bai 35 Vai tro, cae Mue II: Sd dd cdc nhdn nhan to' anh hrfdng to' anh hrfdng vd dac diem phdn bd 23 cdc nganh dich vu Ban sac van hda Bp phan (ben vffng ve xa hoi) TNTN, di san van Lien he hda, lich sff, ed sd tang (ben vffng ve kinh te va ben vffng v i mdi trffdng) 95 LUdNG THI VAN, N G U Y E N H C U 96 X U A N , PHAN T H A I Lfe N G U Y E N THI HUYEN - nhiem dau md Bai 37 Dja li cdc Mue III: Ddi sdng nganh giao thdng Mue IV: Drfdng sdng, hd vdn chuydn rd ri, Lien he vdn tai Mue V: Drfdng bidn chdy drfdng d'ng dan - Mue VI: Drfdng hdng dau -> dnh hrfdng Bp phdn ddn mdi trrfdng vd khdng hd sinh thdi sdng 24 bidn, Nguyen nhdn quan trpng gay thung tang ozdn -> gdy cdc benh ung thrf, d a c biet la ung thrf da Mdi quan he giffa Todn phan Bai 4L Mdi trrfdng Mue I: Mdi trrfdng vd TNTN Mue II: Chffc nang cua MTTN va MTXH mdi trrfdng Vai trd cda mdi trrfdng dd'i vdi srf - Khd ndng chiu tdi 25 phat trien xa hdi loai va gidi ban ciia mdi ngrfdi trrfdng, TNTN Mue III: TNTN Bai 42 Mdi trrfdng va srf PTBV 26 Mue I: Sff dung hdp li - Can phai BVMT de Toan phan tai nguyen BVMT la dieu dam bdo PTBV (ke kien de phdt trien MUCH cd cdc nrfde phdt trien vd dang phdt trien) Mue III: Cdu hdi, bdi tap [3], [8], [9] GlAODUC BAO VE MOI T R U N G VA CAC DIA CHi GlAo DUC BAO Vfe M I TRU^NG 97 Bdng Dia chi cdc bdi Dia li ldp 11 cd khd ndng tich hop gido due BVMT XT Bai s6'/Tdn bai D{a chi tich h^jTp SGK Bai Srf trfdng phdn Bdng 1.2 Cdcd'u GDP ve trinh dd phdt trien phdn theo khu vrfc kinh te' kinh td-xa bpi cda cda cdc nhdm nrfde cae nhdm nrfde Bdng chi sd HDI ciia the Cude cdeh mang gidi vd cia ede nhdm nrfde khoa hpc vd cdng Tudi thp binh quan nghe hidn dai Mue III Cude cdeh mang khoa hpc ki thudt Cau va 2/Cau hdi vd bai tap Bai Xu hrfdng Mue 2/1 He qud eua viec todn cau hda, khu todn cau hda kinh td^ vrfc hda kinh te Bai Mpt so' van de Toan bai mang tinh toan clu Bai Thrfc hanh tim Cdu hieu nhi?ng cd hdi vd thach thrfc eua toan clu hda dd'i vdi eac nrfde dang phdt trien NOi dung tich h^p GDMT MuTcdO tich h Can kiet Mue Phan bd dan erf TNTN, d nhiim mdi dan erf trrfdng, chrfa hdp ll Bai 17 Dd thi hda Mue Anh hrfdng eiia nhiem mdi trrfdng dd thi hda den phdt tridn vd nan that nghiep, d cdc dd thi KTXH Bai 24 Vd'n dd phdt Mue Nganh thiiy san nhiSm mdi trrfdng bidn va vdng ven bd tridn nganh thdy sdn vd lam nghiep Bai 27 Vd'n de phdt Mue Cdng nghiep chd^ nhiem mdi trrfdng tridn mpt sd' ngdnb bie'n Irfdng thrfc, thrfc ngudn nrfde cdng nghidp trpng pham diem Bd phan Bp phdn Bd phdn Toan phan Toan phan Bp phan Bp phdn Bd phan Bp phan 101 102 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 LUdNG THI VAN NGUYfeN HUU XUAN, PHAN THAI Lfe, NGUYEN THI HUY^N Phd rrfng dau Bdi 32 Van dd khai Mue Khai thdc, chd bidn ngudn dd phdt trien khodng sdn vd thuy di?n thdc thd manh d thdy didn ^ Md't Trung du vd midn Mue Kinh td bidn CBST, thay ddi vd ndi Bde BO suy gidm ddng chdy sdng ngdi O n h i i m mdi trrfdng bien Bai 33 Vdn dd Mue Cdc han che chu Suy gidm vd d nhiem tdi nguydn nrfde, dat chuydn dich ed ed'u ydu ciia vdng kinh td d Ddng bdng Sdng Hon Bai 35 Van dd phdt Miie Hinh ed O nhiem mdi trrfdng tridn kinh td xd hOi ed'u Ndng-Ldm Ngrf vung ven bidn -> gidm Slit cdc he sinh Bde Trung bp nghi#p thdi ven bd Mue Phdt trien tdng hdp Bai 36 Van de phdt BVMT nhdm phat tridn kinh td xd hdi kinh te bien trien kinh te' theo d Duydn hai Nam - Mue Phdt trien CN vd lanh thd Cdc khu cd sd tang Trung bd kinh te md ciia viing kinh te' trpng diem mien Trung Bai 37 Van de khai Mue Khai thae vd che Md't CBST suy giam tdi nguyen thdc thd manh d Tdy bidn lam san rrfng Miia khd keo Nguyen dai, thieu nrfde Bai 39 Vd'n de khai Mue Khai tbde Idnh tho O nhiem MT bidn -> thae lanh thd theo theo chieu sau BVMT bidn vd cdc chieu sdu d Ddng khu b a o tdn thidn Nam bd nhien, dam bdo phdt tridn kinh te' theo chieu sdu Bai 41 Van de siJ Mue Si3f dung hdp b vd Tinh U-ang xdm nhdp dung hdp II vd cdi tao edi tao trf nhien d Ddng mdn, phen hda, chdy trf nhien d Ddng bdng bdng Sdng Cilfu Long rrfng trdm, sat Id bd Sdng Cufu Long sdng, d nhiem mdi trrfdng nrfde vd md't CBST, Bai 42 Van de phdt Mue Khai tbde cdc tdi O nhiem mdi trrfdng tridn kinh td, an ninh nguyen vilng bidn va hdi bidn -^ C a e giai qud'c phdng d bien dao phdp tri, bdo ve Ddng vd cdc d a o , ede bdi ran san hd, quIn ddo ngudn ldi thiiy hdi sdn, hdp tde BVMT bidn Ddng, Bai 44 va 45 Tim GV cd the linh boat giao bidu dia li cdc tinh bdi tap npi dung tich hdp vd thdnh phd' BVMT Bd phan Bp phdn Bd phan Bd phdn Bd phan Bd phdn Todn phan Bd phan Bd phdn 3], [8], [9] GiAoDuc BAO VE M6I TRU6NG VA CAC DIA cni GIAO DUC BAO VE MOI TRUCJNG 103 r/ KET LUAN Giao due BVMT drfpe coi la mpt nhifng bipn phdp bieu qud nhd't giup ngrfdi CO drfpe nhan thuTc, thdi dp va bdnh ddng ddng d^n qud trinh suT dung, bdo ve bpp ly T N T N - M T Trong dd, quan brpng bdn bet la gido due BVMT cho HS thong qua ede mon bpe d nhd trrfdng phd tbdng-nPi ed nhieu dieu kien thudn Ipi nha't cho viec tac dpng vdo ^ thd'c BVMT cda the he \ih Bdi vi d dd qud trinh gido due drfpe tien hanh theo ede ehrfPng trinh va ke hoach chat che, cdc phrfdng phdp gido due khoa bpe, cho phep tde dpng ddn tiTng ed the HS, dam bdo cdc quyet dinh cd dnh hrfdng tdi mdi trrfdng se drfpe chi dan day dii bdi srf hidu bidt vd kinh nghiem cua dpi ngu gido vien Chinh vi vdy, gido due BVMT mang lai bieu qua to ldn vide cdi thien ndng Irfc nghidp vu cho GV vdi trf each Id ngrfdi hrfdng dan bdn la ngrfdi thuyd't giang Vdi nhifng ddc trrfng rieng ve npi dung vd nguyen tac gido due BVMT, mon Dia ll nhd trrfdng phd thong cd nhieu kha ndng dd GV ed the khai tbde gido due BVMT theo dang cd bpi ciia phrfdng tbde tich hdp Qua nghien culi npi dung chrfdng trinh SGK Dia li Ban Cd ban bde THPT, da xac dinh vd gidi thieu drfpe mpt dia chi danh mue cdc bdi ed kha nang gido due BVMT, gdm ed 26 bdi ldp 10,17 bai ldp 11 vd 23 bdi ldp 12 104 LUdNG THI VAN NGUYfeN H O U XUAN, PHAN THAI Lfe NGUYfeN THI HUYEN TAI LifeU THAM [1] [2] KHAO BO Gido due vd Ddo tao, Chuong trinh phdt triin LHQ-UNDP, Cdc hrfdng din chung vl gido due mdi trrfdng ddnh cho ngrfdi ddo tao gido vidn (Drf dn VIE/ 95/ 041), Hd NOi, (1998) BO Gido due vd Ddo tao, DUa cdc n^i dung bdo v^ moi trUdng vdo h$ thdng gido due qudc ddn (Thrfc hiOn Chi thi 36 CT/IW eua Thd trfdng Cbinh phu), Hd NOi, (2002) [3] BO Gido due vd Ddo tao, Dia ll ldp 10 ldp 11 ldp 12 Ban Co bdn, Nxb Gido due, (2009) [4] COng hda xa hOi cTiii nghia Vift Nam, Dinh hUdng chiin lugc phdt triin bin vffng d Viet Nam (Chrfdng trinh nghi srf 21 ciia ViOt Nam), Hd NOi, (2004) [5] N P Hanh, N K Chrfdng, Gido due moi trudng qua mdn Dia li d trudng phd thong, Nxb Gido due, 1997 [6] H D Nhudn (Chii bien), Mdt sd phuong phdp tii'p cdn gido due mdi trudng, Nxb Gido due, (1999) [7] L T Vdn, N D Vu, Gido due moi trudng qua bg mon Dia li d trudng phd thong, DHSP Quy Nhdn, (2003) [8] L T Vdn, N H Xudn, N T Huyen, P T Ld, Dieu tra ddnh gid cdng tde GDMT qua day hgc Dia li d mot sd trudng THPT tinh Binh Dinh De tai KHCN ca'p Trrfdng, Trrfdng Dai hpc Quy Nhdn, (2006) [9] L T Van, N H Xudn, P T Le, N T Huyen, Diiu tra thUc trgng vd di xud't gidi phdp gido due bdo ve moi trudng qua day hgc Dia li d cdc trudng THPT khu vuc Nam Trung bd vd Tdy Nguyen theo dinh hudng phdt trien bin vffng, De tdi KHCN ed'p BO, (2010) SUMMARY EDUCATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND ITS ADDRESSES DSf THE CURRICULUM OF THE BASIC GEOGRAPHICAL TEXTBOOKS ESf HIGH SCHOOLS Luong Thi Van Nguyen Huu Xuan, Phan Thai Le, Nguyen Thi Huyen This article discusses some basic issues on education of environment conservation through geography in high schools such as concepts, approaches, principles etc At the same time, this article presents the entries of addresses of education of environmental conservation in highschool geographical textbooks, including 26, 17 and 23 units in grade 10, 11 and 12, respectively "•"•'^'Khoa Dia li-Dia chinh, Trrfdng Dai hoc Quy Nhdn 170 An Drfdng Vrfdng-Quy Nhdn-Binh Dinh Ngdy nhan bai: 12/10/2010; Ngay nhan dSng: 24/01/2011 Tqp chi khoa hgc trUdng Dqi hgc Quy Nhcfn Tqp V, sd ndm 2011 CAC HINH THE THCfl TIET GAY Ml/A SINH LU TREN Ll/U Vi;C SONG KON T I N H BINH DJNH PHANTHAILE" DAT VAN D^ Binh Dinh Id tinh duyen hdi Nam Trung bp, nam vting nhiet ddi am gid mua, cd vi tri dia li tCf 13°30'45" den 14°42'15" vi dp Bde vd tiT 108°36'30" den 109°18'15" kinh dp Dong; phia Bac gidp tinh Qudng Ngai, phia Nam gidp tinh Phu Yen, phia Tdy gidp tinh Gia Lai, phia Dong gidp bidn Ddng Vdi ddc didm eua vi tri dia M vd srf da dang ciia dia hinh nen hang ndm Binh Dinh chiu anh hrfdng cua nhieu thien tai nhrf ban bdn, bao, trieu erfdng, ddc biet Id lu lut xdy tren ede Irfti vifc song Nguyen nhdn chd yeu gay lii lut d Binh Dinh la hien trfdng mrfa ldn tap trung srf xua't hien eua cdc loai binh the thdi tidt gdy mrfa didn binh bode srf ket hdp ciia cdc loai binh the thdi tiet dd Ddc biet, nhitng ndm gin day srf bien ddi eiia hdu nen ede loai binh the thdi tiet ciing bien ddi rat phiJc tap, hien trfdng mrfa ldn xdy thrfdng xuyen hdn, di ciing vdi nd la sif gia tang erfdng dp cua cdc trdn lii lut Song Kon la he thong song ldn nhd't tinh Binh Dinh vdi dien tich Irfu vifc 3.067 km^ va chieu dai 178 km Ddy cdng Id he thd'ng song quan trpng bde nhd't eua tinh, vi ed tiem nang ldn ve thuy dien, thiiy san vd chi phd'i cdc boat dpng san xud't kinh te xa hpi cua phIn ldn lanh thd thuoc pham vi Irfu vrfc Tuy nhien, hang nam tren Irfu vrfc sdng thrfdng xuyen xay lu lut, ma nguyen nhdn cbinh la mrfa ldn tap trung bdi srf phdc tap vd bien dpng cua cdc loai hinh the thdi tiet gay mrfa He qua cua cdc trdn lii lut da gay anh hrfdng rd't ldn den ddi sdng, san xud't, xa hpi eua eac dia phrfdng thuOe Irfu vrfc song Nghien ed'u ddc diem cac binh the thdi tidt gay mrfa ldn, sinh 10 tren Irfu vrfc sdng Kon se gdp phIn xdy drfng ve ed sd khoa bpe cho eong tac drf bdo vd chii dpng hdn phong chdng cung nhtf gidm tbidu thiet hai lii lut gay PHANTHAlLfe* 106 »• ir*v> — ,» \ 9a -™ , ,u y-y -^ •3 \ -^^^ V J / V- 'tr.gi »»ffl ~ \