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THirC TRANG GIAO DUC BAO VE MOI TRlTCTNG d MOT SO TRl/OfNG M A M NON TREN DJA BAN THANH PHO HUE T4 THI KIM NHUNG Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm Dgi hoc Hui Tom tit Chiing tdi da khao sat d 4 tnrdng mim non tre[.]
T H i r C TRANG G I A O DUC BAO VE M O I TRlTCTNG d M O T SO TRl/OfNG M A M NON T R E N DJA BAN THANH P H O HUE T4 THI KIM NHUNG Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm - Dgi hoc Hui Tom tit: Chiing tdi da khao sat d tnrdng mim non tren dia ban thinh phd Hue de tim bieu ve thuc trang giao due bao ve mdi trudng eho tre vdi cac ndi dung chii yeu nhu: Nhin thiic cua giio vien v i can bd quan U ve giao dye mdi tnrdng, tinh hinh trien khai chuong trinh ldng ghep giao due bao ve mdi tnrdng (bao gdm: ndi dung giao dye mdi trudng, phuong phap giio due mdi trudng, hinh tbiic giio due mdi trudng, cic phuong tien, tai li?u giio due mdi trudng cbo tre, nhin thiic, thai dg, hanh vi bio ve mdi tnrdng ciia tre); thyc trang xiy dyng mdi trudng xanh, sach dep; nhung khd khan qua trinh giio due mdi tnrdng cho tre xa mdt so bien phap nang cao hieu qua giao due bao ve mdi trudng cho tre 1.D.4T VANDE Vin de mdi trudng va giao due mdi trudng da dugc quan tam tir lau tren the gidi ciing nhu d Viet Nam O nude ta, viec dua giao due bao ve mdi tnrdng vao cic cap bgc da dugc trien khai siu rdng, dd cd bac bgc mim non [1], [2] Trong chuong trinh giao due mam non ddi mdi Men khdng cd boat ddng giao due bio ve mdi trudng rieng biet m i ldng ghep cac boat ddng khac nen gip mdt sd khd khin nhat dinh va hieu qua cdn ban chi Dl tim Meu ro hon viec trien khai qui trinh giao dye bio ve mdi trudng cho tre tir dd de xuit cac bien phap nhim ning cao ban nira Meu qua cua cdng tac nay, chiing tdi da tiln hanh ngMen cuu d tnrdng mam non tren dia ban phd Hue bao gdm: Mim non I (Phudng Phii Nhuan), Mim non U (Phudng Thuin Thanh), mim non Xuan Phii (Phudng Xuan Phu), mim non Huang Luu (Phudng VJ Da) THUC TRANG GIAO DUC BAO VE MOI T R U N G CHO TRE 1.1 Thux trang xay dung mdi truwig "xanh - sach - dep" Vdi quan dilm xem mdi tnrdng nhu la mgt phuang tien, mdt "phdng thi nghiem thu nhd" dl giao due bao ve mdi tiudng cbo tre, chiing tdi da tien hanh dilu tra bing philu cac giao vien (100 pMlu) va cin bd quan h (10 pMeu) tai trudng dugc dilu tra dl thu thip thdng tin vl thyc trang nhu sau - Nhgn thdc cda gido vien vd cdn bd qudn Ii: Qua kit qua philu dieu tra thi 100% giio vien \a can bd quin li diu cho ring xiy dyng mdi trudng xanh - sach - dep la rat quan trpng va quan trpng Y kiln chung cung cho ring xay dyng mdi trudng xanh - sach - dep se tao mdi trudng linh, Iam dep Tap chi Khoa hoc va Giao dye, Tniemg Dai hgc Su pbam Hue ISSN 1859-1612, s i 02(26), 20l3:tr 104-112 THL^C TR.ANG GIAO DLC B.AO \'E MOI T R L - O N G O M O T SO TRUbNG MAM NON cho khimg cinh su pham, tao khdng gian vui choi cho tre Dd cung la noi tre hpc tip bio ve mdi trudng va tao cho tre thu mudn di hgc, mudn din trudng mam non - Thuc trgng vi mdi trudng xanh sgch dep: Vl quy hoach xay dyng chung tM co ban cac trudng da dat yeu ciu nhu cd tudng rao bao quanh, cd vudn, phdng hgc kien cd va bin kien cd, sin choi, he thdng thu gom rac Trong dd dien tich dinh cho phdng hpc tnmg binh la 1,286m"/tre, nhu vay thap hon so vdi tieu chuin cua trudng m§m non dat chuin qudc gia (1,5 - 1,8 m /chiu) [3], ngoai triir trudng Huong Luu (1,656 m"/chau) Vudn trudng diu cd ciy xanh, ciy canh kha phong phu, dugc cham sdc rit tdt Do nhu ciu md dudng nen trudng Xuan Phii va Mim non I bi thu hep dien ticb, trudng Xuan Pbii da mit hoan toan dien tich "'Vudn rau ciia be", Mim non I mit ding kl dien tich sin choi va sinh boat ngoai trdi Quy dat la mpt nhung khd khan nim ngoai nang giai quyet ciia cac trudng Theo diing tieu chuin xay dyng trudng mim non tM chiing tdi nlian thay tat ca cac trudng mim non dieu tra deu chira cd phdng ngii rieng cho tie Tit ca cac boat dgng hoc, in, ngu diu su dyng phdng sinh ho?t chung Day ciing la mdt tbuc tl ciia dai da sd cac trudng mim non Men d Viet Nam Mdt phin thieu quy dat, mgt phin chi pM dau tu xay dyng nen hien tai cac trudng deu uu tien cac hang muc khac cap bicb ban Qua thyc tl quan sat d cac trudng tai thdi diem dua tre tdi (cd in sang) va ddn tre ve (cd an biia phu) chiing tdi ciing nhin thiy mpt sd phu huynh cdn de vd hop siia bay bao bi dung thiic an khdng diing chd Mac du cac trudng deu cd he thdng thimg dung ric diy du Nha trudng can phai ting cudng tuyen truyen giao dye va phdi hgp chit che ban nua vdi gia dinh tre de tao dugc sy cpng hudng gifia gia dinh va nha trudng giio due mdi trudng cho tre Ben canh dd, chiing tdi ciing nhin thiy vin cdn cd Men tuong ban hang rong (siia, choi, binh ) trudc cdng trudng Dieu vira lam mat ve mi quan viia gay khd khan cho cae bac phu huynh vin de dua ddn tre, phd bien hon d cac tnrdng trung tam Day la van de ma ban giam Meu ciia cac trudng can cbii y de xiy dyng duge mdi tnrdng xanh sach dep dugc tdt ban 1.2 Nhan thuc ciia giao vien va cic nha quan If ve giio due mdi tnrdmg Ket qua dilu tra cho thiy 100% giao vien va cac nha quan Ii deu cho ring giio due bao ve mdi trudng cho tre la rat quan trgng va quan trgng Nhu vay cd the thay can bd va giao vien da cd nhan thiic diing din vl tim quan trpng cua giao due mdi tnrdng ddi vdi tre Chung tdi Cling da khao sit giao vien ve cac li vi nen giao dye mdi trudng cho tre kit qui cbo thay phin ldn cac giao vien cho rang lua tudi nhd dang giai doan hinh nhin each nen viec giio due ve nhan thiic, hanh vi la rit quan trpng Ben canh dd, cac cd cung da nhin thay rd mdi lien he nhan qua, su tic dgng cua qui trinh giao due len sd ddng tre hdm cd the dem lai nhiing kit qua tdt dep tuong lai Va chit lugng mdi trudng sdng tucmg lai sB cd anh budng true tiep den nhiing the he hien tai dang la tre nhd TA THI KIM NHUNG Cbiing tdi yen ciu giio vien danh gia muc tieu cin dat dugc giao due bao ve mdi trudng cbo tre, dd li: tre cd tinh cam v i thai dd tdt ddi vdi mdi trudng, ire cd tri thdc va MIU biet co ban ve mdi trudng, Qje cd hinh vi tdt vdi radi trudng va tre cd kT nang hinh ddng cai tao mdi tnrdng theo mirc vdi la thip nhat va li cao nhit Kit qui pMlu dilu tra 100 giao vien cho thiy cac muc tieu cin dat kM giao due mdi trudng cho tre deu dugc danh gia d miic cin tMet, dd muc tieu tre cd tinh cam thai dp tdt vdi mdi tnrdng gia tri trung bmh dat 3,43, cao nhit muc tieu Cd thi ndi muc tieu giao due mdi trudng cho tre cic giao vien mim non rit coi trpng giao due hinh vi, thai dp va tinh cam, dieu ciing phu hop vdi sy phat triln ciia tre Muc tieu dau tien ciia giio due mdi trudng cho tre mim non la Mnh dianh nhiing ngudi than thien vdi mdi trudng va cd nhiing hinh vi tdt cbo mdi trudng 1.3 Tinh hinh trien khai chuong trinh long ghep giio due bao ve moi trurdng - Cdng tdc qudn li, triin khai: De tun Meu npi dung niy chiing tdi da tien hinh dilu tra 10 can bg quin li Ket qua cbo thiy da sd y kiln cho ring he thdng cic vin ban chi dao ldng ghep giao due bao ve mdi trudng cua phdng giao due phu hgp vdi ndi dung chuong trinh mim non mdi d muc dp cao, ndi dung phii hgp vdi thuc tien va cd tinh kha tM ciing d mue dd tuong tu Nhu viy cd the ndi giio due bao ve mdi trudng da nhin dugc sy quan tim cM dao sit ciia co quan phu trach true tiep cac trudng Dieu giup cho cin bd quin li cic trudng mam non cd dinh hudng cu thi de dl dang ban cdng tie trien khai thuc Men v l miic dd triln khai cdng tic niy, chimg tdi nhin thiy da sd d miic rit thudng xuyen (5/10 y kiln) va thudng xuyen (3/10 y kiln) Trong cac ndi dung xay dyng theo kl hoach thing, quy, nam hgc, du gid, kiem tra dinh gii thudng xuyen v i sinh hoat chuyen mdn theo td dugc chii y nhieu ban - Ndi dung gido due mdi tnrdng Chiing tdi khao sit ITnh vyc giio dye mdi trudng cho tre bao gdm: Con ngudi va mdi tnrdng sdng; Con ngudi vdi ddng thyc \ at; Con ngudi vdi thien nMen; Con ngudi va tai nguyen va Con ngudi va van hda xa hdi [3] Kit qua dieu tra cho thiy: cic ngi dung giao due mdi trudng diu chgn d miic dp can tMit vdi gii tri trung buih d?t tir 2,86 den 3,41 Trong dd ndi dung ngudi va mdi trudng sdng, ngudi vdi tMen nMen dugc dinh gii d miic cao hon vdi diem tnmg binb la 3,41 v i 3,38 Ndi dung ngudi vdi tai nguyen cd dilm trung binh thip nhat (2,86) Chung tdi cung tiln hinh khao sat muc td chiic giao due vS cic ndi dung tren cho tre, kit qua cho thiy miic td chuc giao due cac ndi dung ve mdi trudng deu d miic thudng xuyen, dd ndi dung ngudi va mdi trudng sdng dugc td chirc d miic cao nhat, dilu ciing phu hgp vdi muc tieu va mdc cin thilt cua cac ndi dung da ndi d tren Ben canh do, ndi dung ngudi vdi mdi trudng sdng gan lien vdi sinh boat hang ngiy cua tre nen cung cd the giio due tre mgi boat dgng d cic mirc dp ldng ghep khic Ngi dung ngudi va ddng thuc vat, ngudi vdi tMen nMen cung dugc td chiic d mdc thudng xuyen hai ngi dung nam chuang trinh giao dye THUC TR.ANG GL40 DUC B.40 VE MOI TRUONG MQT SO TRUONG MAM NON tre thudc ba chu de ldn: thi gidi ddng vit, thi gidi thuc vit va hien tugng tu nMen nen kha nang ldng ghep giio due la hoan toin - Phuang phdp gido due mdi tnrdng Giao due mdi trudng cho tre mam non sir dung nhieu nhdm pbuong phip khac nhu nhdm phucmg phap diing ldi, nhdm phuang phip thyc hanh trai nghiem, nhdm phuang phap ttuc quan, pbuong phip neu guong [1], [5], [6] Cbiing tdi da dl xuit phuong an dl khao sit miic dp sii dung cic phuang phip giao dye mdi trudng cho tre d cac ndi dung khic nhau, ket qui nhu sau: Bang I Mirc dp su difng cdc phucmg phdp gido due mdi trudng cho Ire Stt C a c phtrcmg phap Phuctng phap dimg tro Phuang phap mic quan mmh liga Phutrng phap luyen Sii dving cau do, iho, ke chuyen, tr6 chuyen, ^lai thich Neu eucnR danh Ria Neu tinh huong c6 van Tinh cam khich le Thuc hanh thao lac vdi vat, d6 choi NDI DTB BLC DTB ND2 DLC DTB ND3 DLC DTB ND4 DLC DTB ND5 DLC 3,00 0,89 3,27 3,1 3,17 0.89 2,60 1.03 3,03 0,89 3,42 0.74 3,38 0.7 3.39 0,74 3.06 0,86 3,12 0,78 2,83 0.83 2,90 0.8 3.03 0.92 2.89 0,94 3,04 0,75 3,06 0,86 3,27 0,7 3,27 0.69 3,13 0,84 3.25 0,69 3,06 0,93 2,79 0,8 2,97 0.77 2.73 0,97 3,04 0,80 2,73 0,86 2,60 0,9 2,74 0.91 2,66 1.02 2,98 0,74 3,03 0,77 2,89 0.8 3.03 0,89 2,72 0,85 3,16 0,71 3,03 1,04 2,89 1.0 2,95 0.89 2,79 0,91 2,87 0,91 Ghi chu; DJQ: 1< Diem trung binh < 4; DLC: dp lech chuin ND 1: Con ngudi va moi tnrdng song; ND 2: Con ngudi vdi dpng thirc v^t; ND Con ngudi vdi thien nhiSn; ND 4: Con ngudi va tiii nguySn; ND 5: Con ngudi va van hda xa hpi Ket qua d bing tren cho thiy cac giao vien da sir dung phdi hgp cac phuong phip d cac mirc dp thudng xuyen mdi npi dyng giao dye bao ve mdi trudng cho tre vdi gii trj ttnng buih dat thip nhit hi 2,60 din cao nhit la 3,42 Trong dd pbuong phap sii dung cau dd, tho, ke chuyen, bai hit cd miic dp sir dimg cao d hiu hit cic ndi dung Dilu cd th8 lien quan den ngudn tai nguyen day hgc cd ndi dung vl giio dye mdi trudng va dac diem tim li cua tre Cac ndi dung giao due se den vdi tre dl dang hon dugc truyen tai qua cac ciu chuyen hay bai tha, ciu dd Nhin chung, giao due mdi trudng cho tre mim non cac giao vien da sii dung phdi hgp nMlu phuang phap khic nhau, ti-ong phuang phip true quan minh hga va sii dyng ciu do, chuyen ke la ndift-gihon, cdn phuong phap neu tinh hudng cd vin dl thi it su dung ban - Hinh thuc gido due mdi tru&ng Giio due indi tiudng d tnrdng mim non khdng phai li mdt boat ddng rieng le dgc lap ma dugc Idng ghep ti-ong nhilu boat ddng khic Kit qua dilu tra cho thiy viec TA Tm KIM NHUNG long ghep cac ndi dung giao due mdi trudng thdng qua cac hoat ddng d trudng mam non la d miic cao va cao Trong dd, ndi bat nhit li boat dpng "Lam quen vdi mdi tnrdng xung quanh" cd mu:c dp ldng ghep cao nhat (vdi diem trung binh 3,80) Cic hoat ddng am nhac, tao hinh va lam quen vdi tic pham vin hpc, miic dg ldng ghep thip hon Trong qui trinh giao due tre ndi chung cung nhu giao due mdi tnrdng ndi rieng tM hinh thuc phdi bgp vdi phu huynh tte cung rit quan ttpng Chiing tdi da dilu tra mirc phdi hgp vdi gia dinh ttong qua ttinh va kit qui diu d miic kha cao - Cdc phuang tien, tdi Hiu gido due moi tru&ng cho tre + Gdc thien nhien: Gdc tMen nhien li mdt ttong nhiing phuang tien giao due tryc quan sdng ddng cd tac dyng vira hinh cho tte kiln thiic vua ren luyen kT ning vi hinh hanh vi tdt ddi vdi mdi tnrdng Kit qua tim hilu vl thyc trang gdc thien nhien eho thiy ning gay hiing thii cho tte ciia gdc tMen nhien cd dilm trung binh cao nhit (3,30) Dieu la hoin toan phti hgp vdi dac diem tam li ciia tte Bdi vi dugc tilp xuc vdi tMen nhien se thda man nhu can tim hieu the gidi xung quanh cua tte mgt each chan thyc, sdng dgng nhit, lam cho tte rit tMch thu Phin tich phuang sai mdt yen td cho thiy danh gii cua trudng Huong Luu vl tbu ciia tte vdi gdc tMen nhien cao ban so vdi trudng Mam non I vi Mam non II (F(3,96) = 3,65, p