20 DtftjvaE^ Nang cao chat lifcfng kT nang thuyet tnnh cho giao vien trong cac nha trifcfng HA NGOC THANH NGUYEN DUY PHUONG Trudng ST quan Dac Cong Chat lUdng day hpc phu thupc vao nhieu yeu td trong[.]
20 DtftjvaE^ Nang cao chat lifcfng kT nang thuyet tnnh cho giao vien cac nha trifcfng HA NGOC THANH - NGUYEN DUY PHUONG Trudng ST quan Dac Cong C chu de noi dung cho phu hop Song nhat thiel can bao dam hat lUdng day hpc phu thupc vao nhieu yeu td dd cung cap day du thong tin c6 chat IDdng, chuyen sau dap flng c6 sU dong gop khdng nhd ID ky nang thuyel trinh cua giao vien Ly luan day hgc chird: thuyet trinh laphUOng nhu cau ngfldi nghe Chat lUdng d day bieu dat bang cai mdi phap dung loi ndi de trinh bay, mo ta, giai thich ndi dung hoc tap cua Ihong tin cung cap, no khong ch? dDng lgi sU nhat Ihiel thong tin ngUdi ta chfla IDng nghe ma la each Ihflc CDng vdi sU phat trien manh me cua cac tuu khoa hpc tiep can khai thac va each trinh bay, nhan dmh, bieu cam mdi cong nghe, phUOng tien day hgc hien dai ddi da tac dong cua ngUdi thuylt trinh, tryc tiep den sy thay ddi cac phfldng phap day hpc hien Mac du vay, phUdng phap thuyet trinh v l n la phUdng phap Bffdc thffba: nghien cdu ky tai lieu Trong Ihdi dai phattriln bien khong ngDng dddc hoan thien va nang cao ThDc lien cho cua khoa hpc cdng nghe thong tin nhD hien viee nghi&n thay phDdng phap thuyet trinh hien dang la phDdng phap cDu ky thong lin va Ida chon tai lieu sD dung la van de hel nen tang, tham nhap, lien ket, ho trd cae phUdng phap khac sDe can thiet, Vi vay, can phli co sD can nhic ky IDdng trUdc cho ca ngddi day va ngDdi hpc Lenin da chira rang "Khi thuyet sD dung Thong tin, lai lieu sD dyng hien la vo eung phong trinh cdng khai, ta duac nhin thay tiep xiic lam quen, ndi vd'i doi phu va da dang d6 la van kien, chi thi, nghi quye'l cua Dang, tuang va anh hudng tdi ho theo "kieu" cua minh"^ NhD vay, chinh sach phap luat cua nha nddc, quy dmh, chi thi cac cap nang eao chat iDdng ky nang thuyet trinh cho giao vien Irong nha trfldng, giao trinh, giao khoa, sach kmh dien, tap chi, cac nha trUdng la mdl tat yeu khach quan, cong viec thudng sach chuyen khao cac loai la nguon lai lieu quan dUPc xuyen va can thiet dung cho ngi dung thuyit trinh Nghien cDu, lUa ehgn, xCf ly thong tin la mpt nghe thuat phu thuoc vao kha nang, kinh Ky nang thuyit trinh cua giao vien la kha nang van dung nghiem, lay nghe cua tDng ngDdi Nen nghien cDu can chu kiln thDc da hoc vao IhUc hanh de diin dat bang idi noi, Irong y doe ky ldi gidi Ihieu, muc luc, phu luc, ndi dung co li&n quan dam thoai, bai giang, thao iuan, xemina, bao eao thu hoach, nam lay ndi dung cdt loi cua tai lieu va bill iDa chon Ihdng tin c6 tieu luan, thi van dap, trinh bay ket qua nghien cDu khoa hoc, gia Iri phuc vy chu de ndi dung thuyel trinh Khong sD dung tai ndi ehuyen ehuyen de, giang lap, bao ve luan van, luan an lieu khong ro ngudn gde, ehap hanh nghiem quy dinh ve bao Nang cao chat IDdng ky nang Ihuyll Irinh cho giao vien la true mat khai Ihac thong tin Nghien cDu lai lieu nham tich luy tiep gdp phan hoan thien ky nang nghe day hoc cua giao vien kien thflc, can tao thdi quen ghi chep, sap xep thong tin mot De nang cao chat lUdng ky nang thuyet irinh cho giao vien each khoa hoe, 16 gic, chinh xac de tien cho viec sD dyng va xif Irong cac nha IrDdng can tap trung nang cao chat lUOng hai noi ly thong tin dung can ban d6 la / Nang cao chat IffOng chuan bi de effOng la khau dau lien giD vai Iro quan trong viec nang eao chat iDdng ndi dung thuyet trinh, thong thudng chuan bi de cDdng gom bDdc chinh la nghien cDu ddi IDdng, xay dDng chu de noi dung, nghien cDu ky tai lieu, chuan bi d i cfldng, Ihong qua Ihuc luyen d i cDOng Ihuyet trinh Buoc thff nhal nghien cdu doi tffOng Thuyet trinh chi c6 chat iDdng ngDdi thuyet trinh nam chic v i dac diem, so IDdng, trinh hpc van, tam smh ly Ida ludi, dan tpc, dia phDdng, vDng mien, nhu cau tiip nhan thong tin, hoan canh thuyet trinh cua ddi IDdng Tren cd sd d6 ma cd phDdng phap, each Ihflc lac dpng phu hpp, Chuan bi d i cudng Ihuyet trinh can phai phu hdp v6i ddi tfldng Hd Chi Mmh da day "ngUdi tuyen truyen bao gid eung phai iff hoi Viet cho xem'' Ndi cho nghe"^ Neu khdng nhU vay thi cung nhU khdng muon ngffdi ia xem, khong mudn ngUdi ta nghe'^ Bude thd hai: xay dffng ehu de ndi dung Can can cD vao chDdng trinh mdn hoe, phan hoc, bai hoc, bai bd trd, tac pham kinh dien, d i lai chuyen nganh nhiem vu dat de xay dDng Budc thff IU chuan bi de cUOng, thfldng d i cfldng bai thuyet trinh gdm co ba phan Phan md dau Can gay an IDdng, ngln gon, lao sU cuon hut ngudl nghe tD dau va each gidi thieu trUc liep chu de noi dung thfldng ap dung cho ddi tddng da quen, IhUdng xuyen lilp xuc, thdi gian ngan Cdn each gidi thieu chu de gian tiep thudng ap dung cho ddi IDdng mdi, blng each dDa mdt luan de nao gan vdi chu de npi dung thuyet trinh, din ngDdi nghe vap chu d i chfnh Phin npi dung: la phan quan cd y nghTa quyit dinh den chat iDdng Ihuyel trinh, Vi vgy, phli ludn quan tnel tinh giai cap, linh khoa hpc, tinh thDc hin, sat ddi ludng, Trong Ihuyet Irinh nen dung kit hdp phUdng phap quy nap, diin gili de lam ro npi dung Xay dUng cau IrDc heu de cho tflng phan, muc J, diem Can neu bat dDdc cac npi dung quan trpng nhal Irong chu de thuyel Irinh Chuan bi de cDdng can tranh kieu lam stJ sai, sD dyng tfl ngfl, van phong khoa hpc, cac npi dung dUa can hfldng den lam ro cac cau hdi thong hn ed gi mdi khdng? Cd phD hdp Ihilt thyc khdng? Cd y nghTa gi cho ddi ludng Irong Dg»«Hoc 30 9-2012 i^itasssasiagi^: ,-, m »i^- 21 tinh hinh hien nay? HDdng den dau tranh ph& phan cai gi? De hieu Nen tranh sil dyng cau khd hieu, each ndi lap liing, ehu cy the hda chii de npi dung ngudi Ihuyel Irinh cin linh hoai, dpng lap lgi cac ndi dung tam mpl each kheo leo, ndi sang lao da dgng hda each lam ro nhU: sD dung ca dao, tyc nhim khong nen vdi xin loi ma nen dDng ngan mpl vai giay, rdi ngD, ngO, phep so sanh, ddi chilu, hinh tUdng hda, eu tiep tyc ndi lgi mdt each tu nhien Kit hdp dung hinh Inh, sd dd thl hda d l ngUdi nghe d l hilu, d l liep thu d l minh hpa, diln dat; dung Ihd, van, sD kien lich sir de tgo cam xuc cho ngUdi nghe Sau cac phan, muc, y, diem can Phan kit luan, N&n ngan gpn, tao dau an manh, co vu dung phUdng phap quy nap cho ngUdi nghe nlm chic, nhd lau duyc doi tUdng nghe Dong thdi cung phai dgt dUdc myc dich la: tdm lai nhDng npi dung cd bin da trinh bay chu d i bang cac ID nhU: kit Iuan, khai quat lai, tdm lai, nhU vay, IUu vii phai dinh hUdng hanh dpng cho ngudi nghe, chung lai, Jrong thuyel Irinh c6 the dung phUdng phap di tfl Chuan bidlcUdng la bude quan trpng ddi hoi cdsDdiu tu khai quat den cu the hay iD cai cy the din khai quat va cung c6 the kit hpp c l hai Song nhat thiit phli luan thu quy trinh cung v l thdi gian, Iri tue va cdng sDc Vl vay, Viclo Huygo da ldng dgy: ehl nhffng khdng liie cdng sdc suy nghj ci ngay, ddi cap thong tin tfl d& d i n khd, tD ddn gilm din phflc tap, li ci tuin, ci thing cho mdt bii diin van ehi diin mdt Thd iW sddung ihuat so sanh, hinh tupng hda kit hgp vdi e gid Ihi ngUdi dd mdi edng chl diiu bd Bdde thdnam.\hong qua thue luyen de cfldng thuylt trtnh: Trong thuyet trinh sD dyng thuat so sanh, hinh Ifldng hoa lien hanh Ihong qua chu dao, chat che Sau Ihong qua lich can dat den Irinh ky nang Nhu vay, thdng lin can cung cap cflc ehinh sda va thuc luyen Trong lien hanh Ihyc luyen nen mdl Ird nen d l hieu, nhd lau Day la nghe thuat dung de ddi lao, chpn khung canh cang gidng vdi Ihuc t i cang lot, chu chieu, dien la, so sanh nhDng diem tudng dong va khac biel trpng ren cfl ch?, di&u bd, Idi ndi, am iDdng, nghe Ihuat Dng xD, giDa cai chfla biet va cai da bill, cai IrDu IDPng va cai cu the, giao IDu vdi ngUdi nghe Biet ty bo sung, diiu ch?nh npi dung, nham nang cao kha nang nhan IhDe cho ngudi nghe Vidu, phDdng phap, nghe thual, each thDc, Ihdi gian cho hpp ly, noi v i sy can thiit cua viec phe va tD phe binh Bac da vi nhd Ning cao chat lugng ky nang thffe hanh Ihuyet Irinh an com an nude udng, nhu cdng viec rua mat hang ngay, „ tDyng sau sac d l lai eho ngUdi nghe la d nang thUc hanh Trong Ihuyel Irinh nghe Ihuat bieu cam, gay an IDPng lang Ihuylt trinh Vi vay, giao vien Ihuyet trinh can dal cho ddpc hieu qua Ihuyet Irinh thflng qua cD chi, dieu bo la vo cflng quan myc dich chu de noi dung thuyel Irinh thong qua nang ve Irgng, Nd la nhDng hanh vi diln cam cua anh mat, net mat, ny eim thanh, cfl chi, di&u bp.v v Bac da dgy: 'luyen truyen la cUdi, tu the, „c6 lae dung hd trp cho ngon ngfl ndi (am cho dem mdt viee ndi cha dan hiiu, dan nhd, dan theo dan lam, neungddl nghe tap Irung chu y, hDng thu, hieu sau sac noi dung khdng dat muc dth dd, thi tuyen truyen that bai"' Trddc Ihong tin Dieu ral can thiet, dac bi&l dd'i vdi cac mfln hpc budc vao thuyet trinh ngudi thuyet trinh can kiem tra lai Irang nhU: nghe thual, ngoai ngD, khoa hpe xa hpi nhan van De lao phyc, chuan bj tam the, tinh thin phan chan, binh ITnh ID lin, an tUdng tinh cam sau sac ddi vdi ngudi nghe can kll hyp Thuyit trinh phan md dau: gidi thi&u, lam quen, trinh bay y nhuan nhuyin ngfln ngD noi vdi ngon ngD "khdng phal tieng" Thflng qua efl chl, dieu bfl de diln la dien bien lam Irang cilia djnh nfli dung, thdi gian, phDdng phap Cach vao phan md diu ban than Irong thuylt trinh dieu co y nghTa quylt djnh den cho ly nhien, phu hpp vdt tam ly ddi IDdng va thudng Ihi vao de bang phDdng phap gian tiip, nen gin vdt sD kien chinh chat IDdng chu d i thuylt trinh, Khoa hpc lam ly, giao dye chflng minh bang so cu the la gia In tfl ngD Irong thuyet In, Ihdi sy nao dd cd lien quan d i n ehu de npi dung nham kich Irinh la 7%, ngD dieu ldi ndi la 38%, cD ch? dieu bp la 55% thich tang din sy tap chung chu y cho ddi tUdng nghe Trong Ihuyet trinh neu lam nghiem Irpng nhDng sfl viec binh Thuyit Irinh phin ndi dung' ngon ngD noi Ihong qua (am luang, ngff dieu, sddung ngdn ft);) va ngon ngfl efl chi, dieu bd thudng, cang Ihang noi d i n mem vui, cUdi nfli ve nil dau deu din din phan tac dyng, gay nen hieu flng cam xuc, (giao tiip qua inh mit, nu cudi, net mat, Id the, tie phong, bieu tinh cam lieu cdc Vi vay, cac cfl ehi, dieu bo cin phu hdp vdi dm, ) la kenh din ndi thdng tin d i n ngUdi nghe Vi vay, de thuyet trinh cd chat IDpng ddi hdi giao vien Ihuyit Irinh can IhDc chu de npi dung va lung ngD canh Thuyel trinh phin kel luan'lom lit noi dung, cung cd nhkn hi&n tdt cac y&u cau cd ban sau: Thd nhat nim chic de cUong Ihuyet Irinh Trong Irinh IhDc, cd vu hanh dong, dinh hudng Irach nhiem ngUdi nghe Kit luan bao dam ngan gon, tao sU cdi md, than Ihien giDa b^y can dgt duye dd nhuan nhuyin va chinh xac, qua ngUdi noi va ngddi nghe va khong quen noi ldi elm dn kel Irinh Ihuyll trinh can vDa noi, vfla phai quan sal ddi tUdng, thu Ihuc budi thuyit trinh Bai Ihuyit trmh se dat ehal lupng, thuyit nhgn thflng tin ngUpc kjp thdi dieu chinh ngi dung, phuong phdp Thudng xuyen giao lUu tao cd hpi de gay an tUOng va lad phyc hon phan kit luan hoan hao va gay dupe an tuong c l ve ndi dung va hinh IhDe the hien cam xuc cho dd'i tudng, Neu khong lam chu duoc d i cUdng Nhu vay, Ihuyel Irinh la ky nang ed ban eua giao vien Irong thuyet trinh thi bai ihuylt trinh khd khan, buon te lam cho ngUdi cae nha Irudng, ral can nghe day hpc, dpi hdi mfli giao nghe khdng l§p Irung, khdng hDng thu, d l dan den met mdi vien can ehuyen tam ren luyen Chit iDpng Ihuyet trinh phy kit qui thu duyc khdng nhD mong dpiThff hai biil sff dung Ihinh thao ngdn ngff can nhan thDc thuoc chu yiu vao nghe thuat sDdung ky nang thuyet tnnh cua gid In ciia ngfln ngO thuylt trinh, nd chinh la "nhac cu" giao vi&n, Vi vgy, can lam tdt hai ndi dung can bin da neu dd la nang eao chat Iffang di cUang Ihuyet Irinh va nang cao ch ciia giSo vien, can phai sD dung ngon ngD dat den trinh dd luang ky nang thUc hanh thuyit Irinh Ihuc hien Idl lOi day cua thinh thgo, nhu vgy bai thuyet trinh mdi hay Luu y ndi phli Bac cac chu d l Ihuyet trinh dd la "ndi phii cho ggn ging, quan iam den lac dyng cua am luyng, ngfl di&u, nhip dieu, CO diu cd dudi, ed noi dung Ndi it nhifiig thim thia, chic chi ngfln ID dung nham thu hul ngudi nghe, lam lang hieu q u i cho thi quan chung thich han Mudn ndi phii chuin bi Id IrUdc"' thuySt trinh Thff ba: biil sff dgng ting hdp llnh hogi eae phddng phip Trong thuylt irinh higu q u i dien dgi phy Ihupc vao phUdng phap, Bdi vSy, dilu c i n thilt Irong Ihuyll trinh la phli ndi cho rfl rkng mgch Igc, chuan nghla N l u ngudi thuylt trinh ndi nhanh noi khOng mgch lac, chu^n nghTa ihi ngudi nghe khd V.I Lenin,loan lap, 1,47, Nxb Tien bo, M, 1978, Ir 153 Ho Chi Minh, toan lap 1.5 Nxb, CrOG.H, 1991.tr 62 3 Ho Chl Mmh, loan tap, t.5, Nxb, CTQG H, 1991, tr 523 Ho Chi Minh Ve cflng tac van hda v^n ngh&, Nxb Sy ihai H 1971, Ir 424, ... nham nang cao kha nang nhan IhDe cho ngudi nghe Vidu, phDdng phap, nghe thual, each thDc, Ihdi gian cho hpp ly, noi v i sy can thiit cua viec phe va tD phe binh Bac da vi nhd Ning cao chat lugng... thing cho mdt bii diin van ehi diin mdt Thd iW sddung ihuat so sanh, hinh tupng hda kit hgp vdi e gid Ihi ngUdi dd mdi edng chl diiu bd Bdde thdnam.\hong qua thue luyen de cfldng thuylt trtnh: Trong. .. van, sD kien lich sir de tgo cam xuc cho ngUdi nghe Sau cac phan, muc, y, diem can Phan kit luan, N&n ngan gpn, tao dau an manh, co vu dung phUdng phap quy nap cho ngUdi nghe nlm chic, nhd lau duyc