NANG LL/C SU PHAM CUA NGaOl GlAO VIEN TRONG NHA TRUONG PHO THONG HIEN DAI TS L6 Minh NguySt Trttdng Dgi hgc Su phgm Hd Npi T6M TAT Lao dpng su phgm cua ngudi thdy gido trudng phd thdng khdng cd dinh md thudng xuyen thay dd'i theo ddc trimg cua mdi logi hinh nhd Irudng phd thong Trong nhd Irudng phd thdng hien dgi, ngudi gido vien phdi cP cdc ndng life: hieu ddi tugng hgc sinh vd mdi tt-ifdng dgy hgc vd gido due; thiii ki'stf phdt Irien nhdn edeh hgc sinh; thiii ki'npi dung, ehuang trinh dgy vd gido due hge sinh; thiei ki'cdc tinh hudng dgy hgc vd gido due; Itfa chgn vd sd dtmg he phuang phdp vd phuang lien dgy, gido due phu hop; td chifc, qudn ly, gidm sdt hogt dpng hgc vd ren luyen cita hgc sinh; ddnh gid vd dpng vien thdnh tieh hgc lap, ren luyen cda hgc sinh; hogt dpng xd hpi; nghien cifu khoa hgc vd hodn thien bdn thdn Ttt khoa: Ndng lite suphgm; Ndng life; Phdm ehdt Idm ly; Ky ndng Ngdy nhdn bdi- 21/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/1/2013 Sat vain de Trudc nhOng nam 70 cua thi ky XX, tim ly hgc, nang lyc dugc hieu la nhung thudc tfnh tam ly cia ca nhin dugc hinh va phdt triin hoat ddng, la ye'u td tam ly dam bao cho cd nhdn thyc hidn thdnh cdng vd co hidu qua boat dpng tugng ing [X.L Rubinstein, 1940] Cach hieu nhu vay, thudng giy khd khan cho viec xac djnh, lugng hda, hudn luydn vd bdi dudng de hinh vd phdt triin mpt nang lyc nao dd, nhdt la nhttng ndng life thd edp, gdn vdi giao due, dao tao va phat triin nhu nang td chic, nang luc quan ly, giao tiip, kinh doanh, day hpc v.v Nhdm khdc phuc quan niem triu tugng vi nang luc, nhiing nam 70, khai nietn nang lyc dugc mo rdng va cd tfnh xdc djnh hon Nang lyc dugc hiiu la mdt td hgp bao ham ca tri thic, kinh nghiem va icy nang hdnh ddng nhit djnh ca'u trie cua nang lyc dugc md ta la mdt td hgp bao gdm tiiu ciu trie: a) Cdc yeu td nhin each nhu xu hudng, ddng cO, cam xic; b) Cdc yiu td thudc ™ TAP CHfTAM Lf HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 vi kinh nghipm, tri thtte, ky nang hoat ddng; e) Cdc yiu td tam ly lidn quan true tid'p tdi hoat ddng vd d) Cac ehttc nang sinh \f phu hgp vdi hoat ddng [K.K Platonov, 1972] hay Id mdt ciu trie gdm ba phdn: Cdc tiim nang tam sinh ly ed nhan -i- cdc thu thuit hdnh ddng + trinh dd chuydn mdn [D Perkins, 1983] Nhin chung, thdi kl nay, phd biin quan nipm nang lyc cd nhan cd cdu true hai tdng: tdng (tdng tiim nang) la nhOng phdm chit tam - sinh ly cd nhin lidn quan tryc tid'p tdi hoat ddng nhu cdc phdm chit trf tud, tfnh each, chdt v.v ; tdng (tdng hidn thyc) la sy hiiu bid't vi hoat ddng, thdi dp va ky nang triin khai cdc hanh dpng Trong cdu trie trdn, hiiu bid't vi boat ddng, thdi dp va ky nang hdnh ddng la cdc yd'u td cd thi dugc hinh thdnh va phat triin thdng qua ductng dao tao khoang thdi gian huxi han Vl vay, vide hinh vd phdt triin nang luc hoat ddng hay nang luc nghi cia cd nhan thudng dugc hudng din hinh tri thic, kinh nghidm, ky nang vd thai dp nghi, theo chu trinh: cung cip tri thic vi boat dpng -> ren luydn cdc ky nang hanh dpng -> hinh thdi dp dpi vdi hoat dpng -> hinh nang lyc boat dpng Trong thyc ti, cdc cdng doan neu tren thudng dugc td chic tach rdi vi ca khdng gian va thdi gian Do each tiip can can trie vi nang lyc, nen vide ren luydn, hinh va phat triin riing re cdc thdnh td tri thic hay ky nang hanh ddng, theo mpt chudi k i tiip nhu trdn khong phai bao gid cung dem lai hieu qua mong mud'n VI cdc qud trinh bj chia cat ndn thudng khdng tao sy tuong tdc gitta cdc phan cia nang lyc Ttt nhiing nam cudi cua the ky XX, ddu thi ky XXI, quan diem he thd'ng cdng chiem tm thi nghidn ciu khoa hpc va thuc tiin [Jamshid Gharajedaghi, 2005] thi vdn di nang lyc dugc quan nidm ro hon Nang lyc la td hgp cdc yeu td tdm - sinh ly cde tri thdc vd ky ndng hdnh dpng ciia ed nhdn mang lai hiiu qud cao irong viic giai quyd't cac tinh hudng cy thi, Ddng Ihdi ndng life hogt dpng cda cd nhdn cdng duac hinh thdnh vd phdt ttien chinh trang qud trinh gidi quye't cdc tinh hudng dd Didu cd nghia la phai coi nang lyc la mdt he thd'ng dugc van hanh sy tuang tac cua cdc dan vi ciu thanh: tri thic vd kinh nghidm vi boat ddng, ky nang hanh dpng va thai dd tfch cyc vdi boat dpng Tit ca dgn vj trdn deu dugc triin khai ddng bp vide giai quyd't mpt tinh hudng cy the Chfnh qud trinh giai quyit tinh hud'ng thye t i dd, cdc tri thic, kinh nghipm ve boat dpng, ky nang hanh ddng va cdc yiu td tam ly khac dugc hinh va bd sung eho tao nang lyc Quan diem nang lyc phai dugc hinh thanh, phdt triin va bieu hidn vide giai quyit cac tinh hud'ng hidn thyc (thudng dugc ggi la nang lyc thuc hidn) la xu hudng phd biin vide hinh vd phat triin cdc nang lyc cao cdp nhu nang luc quan ly [Paul Hersey Ken Blanc Hard, 1995, Avinash K Dixit, 2006], nang lyc su pham [J.H Stronge, 2011; Tony Wagner 2011], TAP CHfTAM LV HOC, Sd2 (167), - 2013 71 Nhu vay, da cd sy tie'n hda cdch tid'p can vi nang luc cd nhin va qud trmh hinh nd tam 1^ hgc vd cac khoa hgc khac Ttt tid'p cSn mang tfnh trilu tugng dd'n cu thi; ttt quan nidm cd ti'nh may mdc din quan niem cd tfnh he thd'ng, thyc tiin Diiu ndy tao thuan Igi cho vide nghidn cttu vd van dung vao cdc ITnh vuc boat dpng cu thi Cdng trinh la sy van dyng ly luan theo quan diim trdn vao vide phan tfch nang lyc su pham ciia ngudi thdy giao nhd trudng phd thdng hidn dai Sir chuyen doi nha trudng thdng tir truyen thdng den hien dai va dac trung lao dpng su pham ciia ngudi giao vien Lao ddng su pham la yd'u td khdch quan, quy djnh sy hinh thdnh va phdt triin nang lyc su pham cua ngudi thdy gido Mit khac, lao ddng sU pham cua ngudi thdy giao nhd trudng khdng cd djnh ma cd tfnh Ijch stt, phu thudc vdo ydu cdu va dac trung cua trudng phd thdng ting giai doan xa hdi Mdi giai doan nha trudng phd thdng khdc se cd lao ddng su pham tuong ing cia ngudi thdy gido Trdn pham vi loan ciu, ttt trttdc tdi nhd trudng thdng da va dang chuyen qua ba giai doan: Nhd trudng truyen thd'ng (nha truang tri thic) -> Nhd trudng cdng nghiep (nha trudng ky nang) —> Nhd trudng hiin dgi (nha trudng tri thic) 2.1 Nhd trudng truyen thdng Nha trudng phd thdng truyin thd'ng gdn lien vdi nin san xudt ndng nghidp, thu cdng Muc tieu chfnh cua nhd trudng la hudng din viec day cho hpc sinh nhihig tri thic xa hdi, ty nhien ma loai ngudi da cd, da tfch luy dugc (day tri thtte), cdn cdc nang lyc phdt trien san xudt va nhiiu vdn di khdc ft ducK quan tim Trong nha trudng truyin thd'ng, nhidm vu chfnh cua thdy gido la truyen lai kid'n thtte cho cd Idp hgc sinh Vi vay, lao ddng su pham chit yiu cua ngudi thdy Id truyin thy (giang day) cho tap thi hpc sinh Cdn hoat ddng chi'nh cua hpc sinh Id nghe, ghi, suy nghT va van dung nhung diiu dugc day vdo cupc sd'ng cd diiu kien De truyin thy kiin thic cho tap the hpc sinh, thdy gido phai tiin hdnh tim hiiu dac diim Idp (lia tudi) hpc sinh; thie't k i bai giang (gido an); chudn bj cdc phuang phap, phuong tidn giang day; td chic cdc hanh ddng giang day cua minh Nhdm mang lai hidu qua ciia vide truyin thu, ngudi thdy giao ydu cdu hgc sinh cd cac hanh ddng tuong ing 2.2 Nhd trudng cdng nghiep Khi chuyin sang xa hdi chuyin ttt ndng nghidp, thu cdng len cdng nghidp, CO khf, nang dpng, vdi quy trinh ky thuat ddng vai trd cdt ldi san xuit va ddi sd'ng da ddn de'n chuyin ttt nha trudng truyin thdng sang nha trudng cdng nghiep Muc tieu la hudng den hinh ngudj hoc he thd'ng tri 72 TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 thtte khoa hgc vd ky nang hinh dpng (san xuit, thyc tiin, tu duy, trf tup ) Hoat dpng day hgc dugc phdng theo quy trtnh cd tfnh cdng nghp: Ddu vao -> Quy trinh day hpc —> Ddu Trong nha trudng cdng nghiep, nhidm vu chinh cua thdy gido la hinh tri thtte vd ky nang hanh ddng cho hgc sinh Vi vay, ngoai vide truyin thu kid'n thic lam co sd di hinh ky nang, ngudi thiy giao phai danh gia hpc sinh (diu vdo, ddu ra), thid't k i chuong trinh hpc tip va diiu khiin hanh dpng (thao tdc) cua ngudi hgc De thyc hidn muc tidu ky nang, thdy giao phai xay dttng cac chudn kid'n thic va ky nang hgc sinh cdn dat sau qua trinh hgc tap; tim hiiu, ddnh gid dac diim va trinh dd cia cd thi hgc sinh theo chudn; thiit k i chuang trinh va quy trinh hpc tap; td chic vd quan ly hanh ddng hpc cua hpc sinh, kiim tra, ddnh gid kit qua hpc tap cia cdc em theo chudn dugc xay dung Ndi khdi qudt, nha trudng, ky nang boat dpng chfnh cia ngudi thdy giao khPng phai la td chic bai giang cia minh nhu nha trudng truyin thdng ma la cdc hoat ddng ddnh gid, thiit k i va td ehttc cdc hanh ddng hgc cua hgc sinh theo mP binh cia mdt quy trtnh cdng nghd 2.3 Nhd trucfng hiin dgi Ngdy nay, thdi dai dang chuyin ddi ttt xa hdi cdng nghidp ldn xa hot hau cPng nghiep dua tren nin tang khoa hpc - trf tud - sang tao va nhan ban, nhan van d quy mP todn cau Su chuyin ddi thdi dai xa hpi tdt yiu phai xuit hidn nha trudng hidn dai (nha trudng nang lyc - nhan van), khac xa so vdi hai phuang thtte nhd trudng truyin thd'ng va nhd trudng cdng nghiep Muc tieu cua nha trudng hien dai la giip tre em phdt triin din tdi da mpi tiim nang cua minh, "lam phat triin hodn loan nhttng nang lyc sin cd cua cac em" [Hd Chf Minh, 2008], giup cdc em trd thdnh chfnh minh Vi vay, day hpc hude hit phai giup hgc sinh thoa man nhu cdu phdt triin "cdi ttf nhiin", trd nhttng ngudi cd gid tri nhdn bdn, lit do, ddm vd bii't tu minh suy nghi, bii't each ttf minh chiim ITnh tri thtte, tif minh khdm phd chan ly, sdng tgo di ttt dd ldm chu hogt dpng va ddi sd'ng ciia minh vd cia cpng ddng, dan tPc vd nhan loai Mat khdc, nha trudng hien dai cd sy hoan ddi vai trd giua day hgc (theo nghTa day chtt) vdi giao due (theo nghTa day ngudi) Trong nha trudng cdng nghiep, muc tieu chinh la hudng din vide hinh vd cung cdp ngudn nhan lyc cd ky nang cao cho nin san xudt cdng • nghiep Vt vay ddn din mit cin bdng giOa day hgc (cung cip tri thuc khoa hpc va ky nang) vd giao dye nhin cdch hpc sinh He qua la nhttng vdn de vi giao due nhan ban, nhin cdch ngdy cang bj sdi mdn Trong dd suy cho cung, khdng phai day hoc ma gido due ngudi mdi la ban chdt sau xa vd Id s i TAP CHf TAM L? HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 73 mdnh cao cd cua gido dye ndi chung, gido dye phd thdng ndi ridng Hidn tai, gido due phd thdng dang diin theo xu hudng sai lam: day chtt di qua dd day ngudi Trong dd, ding phai ngugc lai: gido dye hoc sinh di qua dd tao nang lyc hgc tap vd ty hgc cho cdc em (day ngudi d i day chu) Sy sai Idch gitta day chtt vd day ngudi da ddn din phid'n dien nhan each hpc sinh Vi vay, Irong nhd trudng phd thdng hi?n d^ii phai dit vide gido dye nhin cdch hpc sinh len hdng ddu, cho cdc boat ddng phai trd cdt loi nhd trudng vd Id ddn bdy di thyc hidn cdc muc tidu day hpc Mud'n vay, thdy gido, khdng phdi la ngudi giao vidn - ngudi day chO, md la thdy gido - nha giao due, tic la nhd lanh dao, td chic, quan 1^ cdc hoat ddng eua cd nhin vatip thi hgc sinh Ngay tu nam 1970, Unesco da khuyin cao: "Dao die cua giao due phai lam cho mdi ngudi trd thdnh thiy day vd la ngudi kiin tao ndn tiin bd van hda cua ban than minh Thdy giao phai dugc ddo tao di trd thdnh nhd gido due nhiiu hon la chuydn gia truyin thy" Trong nha trudng hidn dai, hoat ddng hpc va cac hoat dpng tu dudng cua hgc sinh khdng chi dgn thuin la hoat ddng nhin thic, cdng khdng phai chi la nghe vd ghi nhd Idi giang cua thdy giao, ma la he thd'ng hanh ddng thyc tidn va ly luan mang tinh sang tao Hoat ddng hpc cua hpc sinh la hoat ddng md di phat triin cac nang luc da dang cua minh Vl vay, hoat ddng su pham cua thdy gido cung la boat dpng md, hudng dd'n tuong lai phat triin cua hoc sinh, khac vdi cae hoat dpng kfn, hudng din qud khtt nhu trudng tri thtte vd trudng ky nang Trong day hoc vd giao due hien dai, cdc boat ddng ciia ngudi thdy giao chu yiu hudng vdo tim hiiu vd ddnh gid dd'i tugng hgc sinh, xdc djnh va djnh hudng sy phdt triin nhin cdch cua cdc em dudi sy tdc ddng cua day hpc va gido due, thid't ke mdi trudng hpc tap vd tu vin, td ehttc cdc boat dpng hgc ciia hpc sinh cac mdi trudng dd bdng cdc phyang phap, phugng tidn khac nhau, kiem soat, ddnh gia cac hoat ddng vd dpng vidn, khuye'n khieh hpc sinh hpc tap va ren luydn theo hudng phat triin ning lyc vd nhan each cd Igi cho cdc em vd xa hdi Nhu vay, nha trudng hidn dai, ngudi thdy gido khdng chi don thudn la ngudi truyen thu kiin thtte da cd md trudc hit va chu yiu phai la nha khdo sdt hge sinh, nha thid't k i sy phat triin nhan cdch cac em; nha thid't ki chuang trinh, nha tu vin, to chic, gidm sat, danh gia vd dieu chinh cdc hoat dpng hpc tap va tu duong cia hgc sinh Cdc dac trung ve lao ddng su pham eua ngudi gido vien nhd trudng hidn dai ndu tren la yiu td khach quan, quy djnh nang lyc day hpc vd gido due cia ngudi gido vien Cac md hinli nang lire su pham ciia nguM giao viin thdng hien dai 74 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 Trong nhttng nam ddu thi ky XXI, da cd rit nhiiu md hinh nang lyc su pham cua ngudi giao vidn theo hudng chudn hda Chang han, Ernesto Cuadra va Juan Manuel Moreno cing cdng su (World Bank, 2005) di xuit mpt bd ning lyc cua gido vidn, gdm ba nhdm nang luc vdi 12 nang lyc co ban Cu thi nhu sau: - Nhdm ndng life ITnh vifc nghe nghiip + Hanh ddng vdi tinh thdn phd phan cua nhd chuydn nghidp, phan tfch va ly giai cdc ddi tugng kid'n thic hoac dd'i tugng van hda thuc thi nhiem vy; -t- Tham dy dy an cd nhan hoac dy an tip thi vi phat triin nghe nghiep; -I- Hanh ddng vdi tinh thdn trach nhipm va dao die thuc thi nhipm vu - Nhdm ndng life ITnh vuc dgy hge + Thiit k i cde tinh hud'ng day - hpc phu hgp vdi hgc sinh va npi dung mdn hge nhdm phdt triin d cdc em nhttng nang luc theo ydu cdu cua chuong trtnh gido due; -I- Triin khai cdc tmh hud'ng day - hpc phu hgp vdi hoc sinh va npi dung mPn hgc nhdm phdt triin d cac em nhttng nang lyc theo ydu cdu cia chuang trinh gido dye; + Ddnh gid tiin bp cua hgc sinh vi6e hpc ndi dung mdn hpc va ndm vttng eac nang lyc theo ydu cdu; + Lap ke hoach, td chie vd gidm sdt each thie lam vide cua Idp hoac td/nhdm nhidm tao diiu kidn cho sy hgc vd xa hpi hda cua hpc sinh; -1- Xu ly vide day cho thfch ing vdi tfnh da dang cua hgc sinh; -I- Tfch hop cdng nghe ICT vao vide chudn bj va trien khai ede boat dpng day va hgc, vao quan ly Idp hgc va phdt triin nghi nghiep; -I- Truyin dat dung va rd, bdng mieng cung nhu bdng van ban, cac bdi canh khdc lidn quan din nghi day hpc - Nhdm ndng life linh vifc gido due + Hgp tde vdi nha trudng, phu huynh va cdc nhan vidn xa hdi khdc di hodn cdc muc tidu giao due cua nha trudng; + Hgp tdc vdi cde thdnh vidn cua dpi ngu giao vidn viec phat triin va danh gid cac nang lyc quy djnh chuang trinh, cd ehu ren luyen ky nang -> hinh nang lyc, md cdn tfch hctp ching vdo tinh hudng thyc di sinh vien giai quyd't, qua dd tu minh rut tri thic, hinh thdnh ky nang vd phdt triin nang lyc Md hinh dao tao theo hudng trdn thudng dugc gpi dudi tdn dao tao gido vidn theo nang lyc thuc hidn Trong bd'i cdnh nhu vay, viec ddo tao giao vidn thudng didn theo TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (167), 2-2013 77 phuong thtte giai quyd't cdc tinh hud'ng day hpc va gido due cdc eg sd gido due (mdm non, phd thdng hay day nghi) Theo phuong thic dao tao ndy, sinh vidn thudng xuydn lam vide tai co sd gido due sud't khda trtnh ddo tao la ydu cdu bat budc Theo nghia nhu vSly, trudng phd thdng - noi sinh vidn hgc nghi khdng don gian la eg sd hd trg cho cae hoat ddng thyc hanh, thyc tap cita sinh vien, md la ca sd dao tao, la bd phan httu co cua trudng su pham ddo tao gido vien dd, sinh vidn dugc tryc tid'p tiip can, nghidn ciu va hinh cdc giai phdp su pham nhdm giai quyd't cd hidu qua cac tinh hud'ng cy thi Chinh qua trinh tim hiiu vd giai quyit tinh hud'ng su pham, sinh vidn se ty hinh thanh, phdt triin tn thic, ky nang, thai dd va nang lyc su pham cua minh Kit luan Trong gido due hidn dang cd sy chuyin ddi hoat ddng day vd gido due nhd trudng phd thdng, t i nhd trudng truyin thd'ng ldn hidn dai, t i dd kio theo sy chuyin djch vi nang lye su pham cua ngudi thdy gido Diiu cdn luu y la eac hoat ddng va tuong ing vdi nd Id cdc nang lyc eia ngudi thdy giao cac nhd trucmg trude day nhu nhung nang luc thuyit giang, nang lyc thiit ke bdi day v.v khdng bj mdt; bj vd hidu nha trudng hidn dai, ma chung trd bp phan, phuang tien di triin khai hoat dpng nhd trudng hien dai Trudc day, ndi dung day ehii yiu la truyin thu nhttng tri thtte ed sdn, nen da sd giao vien phdt trien nang lyc giang giai kit hgp vdi s i dung cac phuang phap vd ky thuat day hoc khdc Trong day hpc hidn dai, vdn di ddc lip, ty luc, chu dpng, tfch cyc, sang tao vide ty td chic cdc boat ddng hpc cua cd nhin va tap thi hgc sinh duge coi trgng vd di eao Trong day hge hidn dai, thdy gido khdng phdi la ngudi mang kid'n thic da bid't din cho hpc sinh, ma la ngudi td chic cho cde em ehu ddng tao kiin thtte, ky nang m(5i, qua dd phat triin cdc nang luc cia minh Vl vay, ngudi thdy giao phai cd nhiet huyit, cd luong tam vd dao die nghe nghiep Id ngudi tdn trgng toi da hpc sinh, coi dd la nhttng ehu thi dpc lap, ed tiim nang sang tao vd tan, cin dugc khcfi ggi vd djnh hudng di tiim nang dd dugc md ra, khdi phdt ding hudng Ngudi thdy gido phai ed nang lyc tham dd, kham phd, tie ddng vdo thi gidi tam hdn tre ddy bi dn, rieng vd rit nhay cam; cd nang lye dinh hudng, trg giup, td chic cho ngudi hoc hoat dpng kham phd vd ITnh hdi nhifng tri thic khoa hpc, hinh thdnh ky nang, phat triin nang lyc va phdm chit cd nhin; bid't cdch giup cae em vugt qua nhung khd khan, chudng ngai, nhihig khic quanh Uong qua trinh htx tip va tu dudng Trong ITnh vyc ddo tao va phdt triin nang lyc giao vien, vai trd cua trudng phd thdng thuc hdnh dao tao gido vien khdng cd djnh, ma thupc nang lyc su pham cdn dugc hinh d ngudi sinh vidn vd phy thudc vao ting mP hinh dao tao giao vidn Niu nha trudng su pham hudng dd'n hinh thdnh tri thic, ky nang va nang lye thuyit gidng, thi trudng thyc hdnh chi la mdt tdc ddng phu va cd vai trd khdng ldn Trong ddo tao giao vidn trd thdnh 78 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (167), - 2013 ngucfi CO ky nang su pham thi trucmg phd th6ng thuc hanh co vai tro nhu la mot c6ng xudng de sinh vien thuc hanh nhutig di^u da duoc hoc, dao lao giao vien trcK ngu6i co nang lire su pham, dap ting yeu c^u ctia giao due thOng hien dai thi truorng ph6 th6ng thute hanh phai co vai tro la co s6 dSo tao giao vien Tai li$u tham khao BO Giao due va Dao tao, Chud'n nghe nghiep gido vien irung hoc Ha N6i 2009 V.A Cruchetxki jyinoig casdcita tdm lyhoc sit phgm, NXB Giao due, 1981 Giselleo Martin-Kniep, Tdm dd'i mdi cletrd thdnh ngudi gido vien gidi, NXB Giao due Viet Nam 2011 James H Stronge, Nhi'mg phdm chdt ciia ngudi gido vien hieu qud, NXB Giao due Vifit Nam, 2011 Ken Bain Phdm chdt ciia nhiing nhd gido uii ui NXB Van hoa Sai Gon 2008 Tony Wagner, Robert Kegan Lanh dao su thay dot: cdm nang cdt td trudng hoc NXB Tre DT Books 2011 TrSn Ki6u, Ve md hinh nhd trudng phd ihdng Viei Nam giai dogn hien nay, bai vie't Irong cuiSn Thii ban v^ dinh hacmg phat tri^n giao due ph6 thSng 10 - 15 nam tdi, Ha N6i, NXB Giao due 2010 Levitov N., Tdm ly hoc tre' em vd tdm ly hoc su phgm, NXB G'mo due, Ha N6i, 1970 K.K Platonov (1972), Bdn ve he thd'ng tdm ly hpc (tai lifiu tham khao, Trudng Dai hoe Sir pham Ha NOi, 1979) 10 Phan Trong Ngo, Ca sd triet hoc vd tdm ly hpc ciia ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc irong trudng plw thong NXB Dai hqc Sir pham Ha N6i, 2011 11 Ph.N Gonobolm, Nhiing phdm chdt tdm ly cua ngudi gido vien, NXB Giao due, 1979 12 Robert J Marzano, Debra J Pickering Jane E Pollock, Cdc phuang phdp day hoc hieu qud, NXB Giao due Viet Nam 2011 13 Robert J Marzano Nghe tbudi vd khoa hgc dgy hpc, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2011 14 X.L Rubinstein Nhiing ca sd cua tdm ly hpc dat cuang, NXB Giao due.Mockva 15 Paul Hersey Ken Blanc Hard, Qudn I'y ngudn nhdn luc, NXB Chmh tri QuO'c gia, 1995 16 Jamshid Gharajedaghi, Tuduy he thong qudn ly hdn dpn vd phifc hop, NXB Khoa hoe xa hfli, 2005 17 Avinash K Dixit, Tu chien lupc NXB Tri thtfc 2006 18 Tony Wagner Cam nang cdi Id' trudng hoc, NXB tre, 2011 19 Martinet M A Raymond D va Gauthier C, La formation a Venseignemenf Les orientations; Les competences professionnelles, Quebec: Ministere de I'Education 2001 20 World Bank, Expanding oppo'rlunities and buiding competencies for young people: A ne'w agenda for secondary education, Washington D.C: The World Bank, 2005 21 rw tudng Ho Chi Minh ve gido due, NXB Giao due 2008 TAPCHI JAM Lf HOC,SO'2 (167), - 2013 79 ... trd cua nha trudng su pham khdng ldn Trong trudng hgp nhu vay, vai trd cua trudng phd thdng thye hanh chi la phu thdm, cd cung td't ma khdng cd cung khdng Trong nhd trudng hidn dai, vide day vd... day hoc khdc Trong day hpc hidn dai, vdn di ddc lip, ty luc, chu dpng, tfch cyc, sang tao vide ty td chic cdc boat ddng hpc cua cd nhin va tap thi hgc sinh duge coi trgng vd di eao Trong day hge... nang luc quan ly [Paul Hersey Ken Blanc Hard, 1995, Avinash K Dixit, 2006], nang lyc su pham [J.H Stronge, 2011; Tony Wagner 2011], TAP CHfTAM LV HOC, Sd2 (167), - 2013 71 Nhu vay, da cd sy tie'n