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i f f l NGHIEN COfU LJ LUAN DAO TAO NGHIEP VU SlT PHAM THEO TIEP CAN NANG LlTC VA XU HirflNG odl Mdl TAI CAC CO SOf DAO TAO GIAO VIEN TRONG GIAO DUC PHO THONG LE HONG HANH TnJiing Dai hoc Thu do Ha No[.]
i f f l NGHIEN COfU LJ LUAN DAO TAO NGHIEP VU SlT PHAM THEO TIEP CAN NANG LlTC VA XU HirflNG odl Mdl TAI CAC CO SOf DAO TAO GIAO VIEN TRONG GIAO DUC PHO THONG LE HONG HANH TnJiing Dai hoc Thu Ha No! Email: lhhanh@(lajhDclhui]o.edu.vn Torn tdt: Ddo tao nghiep vu sUpham theo tiep edn ndng lUc Id hudng tiep cdn phu hap ddptfngyeu edu doi mdi giao due thong hien Bdi vietde cap den qud trinh ddo tao nghiep vu supham theo tiep edn ndng lue vdi sudinh hudng ttf muc tieu vd duge cu the hoa bdng npi dung ddo tgo vdi phuang phdp, to chtfc thUc hien, edc hinh thtfc vd phuang thtic kiem tra, ddnh gid Tren co sddo, cung vdi cdc cong trinh nghien ctfu ve thue trang ddo tao nghiep vu supham hien nay, xu hudng doi mdl cdng tde ddo tao gido vien, ddo tao nghiep vu supham can- Xac dinh mo hinh, xdy dung chuang tnnh, to ehtfe thUe hien vd tgo sU lien he chdt che gida CO sd ddo tao vdi cdc trUdng thong nOi tuyen dung gido vien Ttf khda: Ddo tao; nghiep vu sUpham; tiip edn ndng lUe, ddo tao gido vien (Nhdn bdi ngdy 15/02/2017; Nhdn kit qud phan bien vd chinh stfa ngdy 17/3/2017; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/4/2017) fiat van de Ciing vdi su phit tnen manh cua khoa hoc kT thuat va tri thde thi viec nlm vdng tri thdc la khdng dii, bdi kien thdc trudc day edn mdi den da lac hau Theo dd, xu hudng dao tao hUdng den giup ngUdi hoc cd du kha nang lam chii kien thdc va sd dung kien thdc de giai quyet cae vln de hoan eInh tinh hudng cu the dang phit trien manh me Oao tao theo nang lUc la hudng tiep can dap dng yeu cau hien Cdng tac dao tao ciia bat cd nghe gi cung phli quan tam den van de ren luyen nghiep vu, bdidudng tay nghe chongudihoc Su thao, nhulnnhuyen tay nghe II mdt yeu td vd cung quan trong, lam tang hieu qui hoat ddng mdt ITnh vUc nghe nghiep nhat dmh Trong dao tao giao vien (GV), dao tao nghiep vu su pham (NVSP] la mdt nhdng phan quan quyet dmh chat luong dau cua cle eo sd dao tao GV, day chinh la ndi dung cdt ldi ehuong trinh dao tao GV nham hinh nang lue nghe nghiep cho smh vien (SV) el ve li luan va thue hinh Do dd, ddi mdi dao tao NVSP la rat can thiet de dap dng thay ddi giao due phd thdng hien Dao tao nghiep vu sU pham theo tiep can nanglUc Ngay nay, tren the gidi, theo quan mem ciia cac nha giao due tien tien da cd suthay ddi, dich chuyen ve cau true gida eae yeu td muc tieu hay nhdng yeu cau co bin eua dao tao nghe nhu td yeu cau ehd ve Kien thdc, Ki nang duoc dich chuyen, thay ddi chu cac yeu td' "Nang lUc va Thai do" Epstein va Hundert (2002) cho rang, nang lUc mang dauanca nhan, the hien tmh chii quan hanh ddng • KHOA HOC GlAO DUC v l cd the cd duoc nhd sU ben bi, kien tri hoc tap, hoat ddng, ren luyen v l trli nghiem Cd the nhan dinh, nang lde la sU tfch hop cac kien thdc, ki nang, thai dd va kinh nghiem el nhan thUc hien cd trach nhiem va hieu qua eae hanh ddng, gili quyet cac nhiem vu, van de nhdng tinh hudng khlc thudc cae linh vUc nghe nghiep, xa hdi hay ca nhan Hien cd nhieu quan mem khae ve NVSP, Tac gil Nguyen NhuYva cac cdng sU cudn Oai Td dien tieng Viet da dinh nghia: "Nghiep vu la cdng viec chuyen mdn neng ciia tdng nghe SU pham la khoa hoc ve giao due v l giang day, khudn phep eua nghe day hoc" Td cd the lap luan rang NVSP ehinh la cdng viec chuyen mdn cua nghe day hoc bao gdm toan bd nhdng kT nang nghe nghiep thiet yeu ma ngUdi GV phli cddethUc hien q u i trinh day hoc, giao due hoc smh va tu hoan thien Theo Nguyen Van Khdi (2009), khai niem nang luc NVSP la khai mem gin vdi nang lUc day hoc Nang luc NVSP cd the duac hieu II tap hap nhdng kien thdc, ki nang, thai can thiet de thuc hien cac edng viec chuyen mdn cua nghe day hoc, Dao tao NVSP la qua trinh SV phai duoc trang bi nhdng kien thde ve tam li hoe, giao due hoe, phuong phIp day hoe bd mdn v l phli dUOc di kien tap, thuc tap giang day va lam cdng tie chu nhiem theo yeu cau cua chuong trinh dao tao NVSP Oao tao theo nang lUc II hudng tiep can tap trung vao dau cua qua trinh dao tao, dd nhan manh nguoi hoe can dat dUOc cac mdc nang luc nhu the nlo sau ket thuc mdt chuang trinh dao tao, Ndi each khae, chat luang, ket qua dIu ddng vai trd quan nhlt ddi vdi dao tao theo nang lUc Oieu cd nghia la NGHIEN COU Ll LUAN nmn Tri thde ve day hoc v l giao due: Kien thdc va ki nang ve tim hieu, phan tich va phuang phap thiet ke, xly dung va phat trien chuong trinh va tai lieu giao khoa va I p dung vao thUc tien; Kien thUe quIn li td ehdc Idp hoc nhu Ca eau td chdc Idp hoc, mdi trUdng Idp hoe an toan, thin thien tich cUe, chinh sach, quy dmh Idp hoc; Kien thUe, ki nlng vln dung phuong phap, phuong tien v l hinh thdc td chdc day hoc bd mdn, day hoc phan hoa , tich hop, xay dung ke hoach day hoc - gilo dye, to chdc thue hien cac hoat ddng day hoc - giao due hoc sinh, Kien thUe ki nang ve quan !i hd so day hoc - giao due: Phan loai hd so, y nghia cua mdi loai hd sa, each lap, khai 2.1 Muc tieu ddo tgo theo hudng hinh thdnh ndng thac va sd dung hd so day hoc - giao due eua hoc sinh; Kien thUcki nlng tham van, tu van eho hoc sinh lUc nghiep vu sUphgm Tri thUe danh gil ket qua day hoe - Gilo due: Kien Olo tao theo tiep cln nang luc nhan manh den nhdng nang lUc ma mdt SV sau holn chuong thdc, ki nang ve ludng va danh gia giao due, trinh dio tao cd the dap dng yeu clu ciia mdi trudng lam van bin quy dinh danh gil, nguyen tic, phuang phap, viec thUc tien IVluc tieu dao tao (MTOT) la mdt pham tru hinh thdc dinh gia, thiet ke, xay dUng cdng cy danh gia li luan tdng quat, vda mang tinh dinh hudng hoat ddng Tri thdc de ren luyen va phat trien ca nhln-Kien thtfc vda tao ddng lUc, ddng cO thuc day hoat ddng mdt vd/c;ndng-Tuhoc,tU bdi dudng phat tnen cac kien thdc, holn canh nao dd IVITOTGV va nang lUc NVSP duoc xac kinang nghe nghiep, giao tiep, dngxdsUpham, hap tac, C;nh dUa tren co sd nghien cdu ve xu the phit tnen eua hda nhap thich dng mdi trudng, xa hdi, sang tao, nghien gtlo due phd thdng mdi quan he vdi bdi canh xa cdu khoa hoc hdi, dac trUng lao ddng cua nghe sU pham va nhdng can Ndi dung thue tap sU pham bao gdm; ThUc hanh, cd ve triet li dao tao GV thdc t i p (thudng xuyen) va thuc tap su pham (tap trung) NhUvay, MTOT duoe xay dung dua theo chuan dau Thuc hanh, thuc tap (thudng xuyen) tim hieu trUdng bao gdm he thdng cac nang lUc sU pham, nang lde phd thdng, nhiem vu va viec thuc hien nhiem vu GV, dae NVSP va gil tri nghe nghiep ma ngUdi tdt nghiep cln diem tam sinh li hoe smh, giup SV vda hoc li thuyet tai phai ed de dap dng nhdng ddi hdi eiia xa hdi, ciia nganh CO sd dao tao vda duoc thuc hinh tai trudng phd nghe, ciia cac ben lien ddi va truong trung hoc cO sd nOi thdng de tiep xuc thuc tien, tich luy kmh nghiem, ThUe tuyen dung GV Cd the nhan dmh, MTOT vda II can ed tap sU pham (tap trung) bao gdm kien thde, ki nang thUe kiem dmh, dinh gil chuong trinh, chat luong dao tao te ve giao due, co cau td chdc, hoat ddng day hoc, giao GV va dinh gia ca sd dio tao, bdi dudng GV vda la chuan due cua trudng thuc tap, chdc nang quyen han cac edng de hudng dan hoat ddng dao tao GV cac co sd viec nghiep vu cua GV bd mdn va GV chii nhiem Idp, dae dao tao GV giup ngUdi hoc xae dinh phuong hudng ren diem hoc sinh, giiip SV hinh thinh y thde, tinh d m , tiep luyen, xay dUng ke hoach va thuc hien viec ren luyen cac xiic thyc ti§n, tich luy kinh nghiem va phln tieh de khli nang lUc sU pham nhlm hinh cac pham chat va quat hda nhdng van de li luan mdi nang lUc cho ngUdi GV tuang lai 2.3, To chtfc thtfc hien dao tgo nghiep vu sUphgm 2.2 Npi dung ddo tgo nghiep vu sUphgm Oao tao NVSP il mdt ndi dung ca bin, quan Can cd vao mue tieu dio tao nang luc sU pham, qua trinh dao tao ngUdi GV eiia cae trUOng su nang lUc NVSP, dieu kien thuc hien ciia cO sd dao tao, pham Nd bao gdm nhieu hoat ddng, nhieu khau duoe bdi canh giao due phd thdng nhdng ndi dung cdt Idi, thue hien theo nhdng giai doan nha't dmh Oao tao NVSP can thiet chuong trinh dao tao NVSP, dao tao GV la dien eUng vdi khda dao tao GV, ddi hdi sutham gia ciia nhdng ndi dung hudng den nhdng nang lUc NVSP nang nhieu luc luong, don vi cd lien quan Do do, xay dung va luc nghe nghiep khung nang luc dap Ung chuIn cy the hda quy trinh dao tao NVSP la cln thiet vdi cac dau cu the: trudng co dao taoGV Tri thdc dinh hudng sU phat tnen hoc sinh trung KhIu chuan bi chung cho dao tao NVSP bao gdm, hoc CO sd bao gdm- Su phan tich ve dae diem nhan thde, Chuang tnnh dao tao NVSP; Ke hoach giang day cae mdn tinh cam, y chi cua hoc smh trung hoc eO sd; Cac dieu NVSP, Ke hoach thUc hanh, thUc tap sU pham; Gilng vien kien yeu td Inh hudng den su hinh phat tnen gilng day cac mdn NVSP, Ke hoach kmh phi, cac dinh nhan each ngUdi hoe, Cac phuong phap thu thap, xd li mdc chi cho hoat ddng NVSP thdng tin ve mdi trUdng, hoan cInh sdng, dieu kien cu Khau chi dao v l td ehde thuc hien dao tao NVSP the ve van hda, xa hdi, sd dung ket qui hd tro hoc smh bao gdm Thuc hien giang day cac mdn NVSP theo ke thiet ke chien lUOc va ke hoach phit tnen ca nhan hoach; Thuc hien cac hoat ddng ren luyen NVSP qua trinh day hoe gilo due nhlm hinh va phat trudng To chdc tnen khai cac dot thuc hanh,thuc tap tnen nhan each hoc smh ciia khda hoc Dam bao chat luong ciia dao tao NVSP ve de chuong trinh dao tao theo nang lde ed hieu qui, can phli: 1/ Bat dau vdi bdc tranh rd rang ve nang lUc quan trpng m l ngUdi hoc cln phli dat dupc; 2/ Xay ddng va phat tnen chuong trinh ndi dung dio tao; 3/ To ehdc thuc hien giang day; 4/ Vdi ngudn lUc dip dng yeu cau dao tao; 5/ Xly dung cac phuong phap danh gia nhlm dam bao ring muc dich ciia dio tao theo nang lUe dat ddoc muc tieu de Cd the thay, yeu td quan trpng ciia dao tao nang luc 11 xly dung duoc cac tieu chuan dIu rd ring the hien rd muc tieu cua gilo due thiet lap dUac eae dieu kien va ea hdi de khuyen khich ngudi hoc cd the dat duoc cac mue tieu ay SO 139'THANG4/2017 - S I dJ NGHIEN Cljru Li LUAN ehuong trinh, ngudn nhln lUe, vat lUe v l dau vao dIu eua qua trinh dao tao NVSP 2.4 Kiim tra, ddnh gid ddo tgo nghiip vu sUphgm Kiem tra, danh gia dao tao NVSP la mdt ndi dung quan trong dao tao NVSP Kiem tra, danh gia dao tao NVSP cd y nghTa' Dim bao eho cac ke hoach dao tao NVSP duoe thuc hien vdi hieu qua cao, Ll cO sd thdng tin phan hdi de cd cac dieu ehinh can thiet ve dio tao NVSR Tieu chi dinh gia dao tao NVSP dua tren muc tieu dio tao ngudl GV tuang lai, bao gdm nhdng tieu chi dinh gia ve Ndi dung cac mdn hoc NVSP, thUc hanh, thuc tap gilng day, thue tap chu nhiem, bao eao thu hoach, y thde to chuc ki luat Tat ca cac hoat ddng ciia SV deu duoc dinh gia cho diem Tieu chi danh gia ludn dUoc dim bao dung nguyen tic, dung quy che dao tao quy dinh 2.5 Ca sd vot chdt, tdi chinh nguon nhdn Itfc cho hoat dpng nghiep vu sUphgm Cac cd sd dao tao GV cd trach nhiem huy ddng, sd dung CO sd vat chl't v l cac ngudn luc hien cd de phuc vy eho cic hoat ddng NVSP, thue hanh, thUc tap sU pham cd chat luong v l hieu qua cao, theo diing ndi dung, ehuang trinh dao tao GV cua Bd Giao due va Oao tao ban hanh va theo ke hoach da thdng nhat gida co sd dao tao GV vdi sd giao due v l dio tao Mdl khoa cae eo sd dio tao GV ed phdng thUc hanh nghiep vu, ren luyen NVSP Phdng ren luyen NVSP la phdng chuyen mdn ma d do, gilng vien va SV thUc hien nhdng nhiem vu chuyen mdn, ren luyen NVSR Trong qua trinh hoe tai trudng, phdng thuc hinh nghiep vu la noi SV cd the den thudng xuyen de duoc ren luyen mdi trudng thuc hanh nghe Odl ngu giang vien giang day NVSP la nhdng ngUdi cd tnnh dd chuyen mdn sau cd kinh nghiem thue tien d phd thdng Cac GV phd thdng duoc lua chon tham gia hudng din SV thUc hanh phai la GV cd kinh nghiem nghe, nhiet tinh, tam huyet vdi nghe va ed du nang luc chuyen mdn va nghiep vu, eo pham chat va tU each tdt, la t i m guong ve moi mat cho SV Ngoai ra, viec dam bao kmh phi hoat ddng eung rat quan Kmh phi cho cac hoat ddng thUe hanh, thUe tap su pham ngan sach Nha nuoc cap cho cac ca sd dao tao GV kmh phi chi thudng xuyen hang nam va duoc quIn li, chi tieu theo dung ehe dd, tieu chuIn, dmh mde tai ehinh hien hanh Bdi duang bao cao vien, GV hudng din SV thuc hanh, thuc tap su pham va eho ban chi dao thuc hanh, thuc tap cac cap Xu hudng do! m6i dao tao nghiep vu sU pham dap dng yeu cau doi mdi giao due thong Oe dap dng yeu eau phat tnen eiia xa hdi va thuc tien giao due phd thdng nhieu nude tren the gidi da tien hanh nhdng ddi mdi dao tao GV theo quan diem huong vao ngUOi hoc voi nhUng diem chu y chuang trinh dio tao nhan manh dio tao NVSP eho ngUdi GV tuong lai Viet Nam, Nghi quyet sd 29NQ/TW da xac dinh phli ddi mdi chuong tnnh giao due - K H O A HOC GIAO DUG phd thdng theo tiep can nang luc Ben canh do, nhieu cdng trinh nghien cdu da chi rd thUC trang cdng tac dao tao GV cac trUdng sU pham hien van nang ve dao tao kien thdc chuyen mdn, ehUa chu diing mdc dao tao NVSP Do do, xu hUdng ddi mdi cdng t i c dao tao GV, dao tao NVSP de nlng cao chat luong d i o tao NVSP dap dng yeu cau ddi mdi giao due hien v l dac biet 11 ddi mdi giao due phd thdng nen: Xac dinh md hinh dao tao GV, md hinh dao tao NVSP theo hudng hinh nang lUc cho ngudi hoc Trong md hinh, ndi dung va phuang thde dio tao phai duoc thiet ke mdt each lo gic, tudng mmh kha thi, dim blo cho SV sau hoan chuang trinh hoc, dugc trang bi he thdng nang lUc v l gia tri nghe nghiep, dam blo cho SV tdt nghiep cd the tham gia vao hoat ddng giang day thuc te d trUdng phd thdng Chuang trinh dao tao GV ndi chung va chuong trinh dao tao NVSP ndi neng cln duoc thiet ke dua tren Chuan dau eiia SV vdi he thdng nang luc va gia tn nghe nghiep cu the, tUOng dng vdi Chuan nghe nghiep GV vdi tdng bac hoc, cap hoc Ben canh cac nguyen tac eo bin nhu d i m bao muc tieu dao tao, cd su phan dmh ndi dung theo kien thdc va trinh dd kien thdc,,,, can chii den van de, Olm blo eau true va khdi luong kien thdc eiia bac hoe quy dinh dd chu y ti le khdi luong kien thdc dao tao NVSP ehuong trinh dao tao GV; Dim bloed suphan dinh theo nang lUc nhan thUc, nang lUc tu v l nang lUc van hanh (ki nang, kl xlo), Dim blo sU lien ket, lo gic ndi dung cae mdn hoc, ti le can ddi gida li thuyet va thuc hanh Cdng tac tuyen smh dIu vao cac trudng co dao tao GV cung nhU cdng tac bdi dudng tinh cam va gia tn nghe cho SV mdi vao trUdng can dUOc quan tam chu y den de dim bao sau duoe dao tao, ddi ngij SV tdt nghiep se dap dng tdt yeu eau doi mdi giao due thdng Viet Nam hien Cdng tac tuyen smh dau vao cle trudng co dIo tao GV cung nhU cdng tac bdi dudng tinh cam va gia tri nghe cho SV mdi vIo trudng can dUOc quan tam chu y den de dam bao sau duoc dao tao, ddi ngu SV tdt nghiep se dap dng tdt yeu cau ddi mdi giao due thdng Viet Nam hien Phuang thdc dao tao GV, dao tao NVSP theo hUdng hoat ddng trai nghiem thue tien giao due d nha trUdnq phd thong Thdng qua hoat ddng thyc tap, thUe hanh (thudng xuyen) va thuc tap (tip trung) tao dieu kien cho SV tiep xuc tdi da vdi hoat ddng day hoc d trUdng thdng Qua dd, SV cd the quan sat, lam quen cimg co kien thde, hinh thinh nang luc eung nhu bdi dUdng tinh elm va gia tn nghe nghiep tuong lai Tang cUOng cac hoat ddng phdi hap, lien ket gida CO sd dao tao voi cac truang phd thdng qua tnnh dao tao GV nang cao nang lUc NVSP cho SV va GV Cu the, gilng vien dai hoc cd the Tham gia giang day d phd thdng va nguoc lai GV phd thdng cd the tham gia tU van, hudng dan cle hoat ddng dao tao, ren luyen NVSP cho NGHIEN com l i LUAN I SV ; tham gia ddi ngu bien soan chuong trinh giao due phd thdng, bien soan sleh giao khoa va sach GV, tham gia ddi ngii bien soan cac tai lieu tap huan, bdi dudng GV phd thdng ve ddi mdi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, ddi mdi phuong phap day hoc, kiem tra dinh gia ; tham gia ddi ngu bao cao vien tap huan, bdidudng GV cdt can ciia sd giao due va dao tao, tham gia cham thi GV gidi, cham thi tuy^n GV phd thdng Ket luan Oao tao NVSP la ndi dung khdng the thieu dao tao GV, Olo tao NVSP la qua trinh trai qua nhieu khau, nhieu giai doan vdi su djnh hudng td muc tieu v l duoc cu the hda bing ndi dung dao tao vdi phuong phap, td chdc thuc hien, cic hinh thdc va phuang thdc kiem tra danh gia, Ket qua dao tao se duac the hien ro qua nang lue thuc hien gili quyet cae cdng viec day hoe v l giao due eiia ngUdi SV duoc dao tao de trd thinh GV Oao tao NVSP theo tiep can nang luc la huong tiep can phu hap dap ung yeu eau doi mdi giao due thdng hien nay, TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1], Dinh Quang Blo, Ddo tgo nghiep vu sU pham Tap chi Quan li Giao due, sd 9, thing 2, nam 2010 [2], Nguyen Van Khdi, Phdt tnen ehuong trinh ddo tao nghiep vu sU pham theo ndng luc thtfc hien Tap chi Giao dye, (228), nam 2009 [3] Michel Deve\ay, 0998) Mdt so vdn de ve dao tao gido vien, {Nguyen K'l, Vu Van Tlo, Phan Hdu Chan bien dich), NXBGiaoduc '4] Pham Hdng Quang, Gidi phdp ddo tao gido vien theo dinh hudng ndng luc nghi nghiep.Tap chi Da\ hoeSU phamThai Nguyen, sd thang 3, nam 2012, [5], Estein R.M & Hundert E.M, (2002), Defining and asessing professional competence, American Medical Asoeiation, 287(2) January 9,2002 pp 226- 235, COMPETENCE-BASED PEDAGOGICAL PROFESSION TRAINING AND RENOVATION TREND IN SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTIONS LelHong Hanh Hanoi fliletropolltan University Email: lhhanh@daihocthudo.edu.vn Abstract: Competence - based pedagogical profession training is an appropriate approach meeting current requirements in general education The article addresses the process of competence-based pedagogical profession training which is goal-oriented and specified with training contents, methods, ways of implementation and forms of examination and evaluation Based on that, along with research findings on current state of pedagogical profession training, the renovation trend in this area need to identify models, develop curnculum, organize the implementation and build up close connection between training institutions and those schools emplyolng furure teachers Keywords: Training; pedagogical profession, competence-based approach; teacher training SO 139-THANG 4/2m7 3 ... triet li dao tao GV thdc t i p (thudng xuyen) va thuc tap su pham (tap trung) NhUvay, MTOT duoe xay dung dua theo chuan dau Thuc hanh, thuc tap (thudng xuyen) tim hieu trUdng bao gdm he thdng... NVSP theo hUdng hoat ddng trai nghiem thue tien giao due d nha trUdnq phd thong Thdng qua hoat ddng thyc tap, thUe hanh (thudng xuyen) va thuc tap (tip trung) tao dieu kien cho SV tiep xuc tdi... thUc hien nhdng nhiem vu chuyen mdn, ren luyen NVSR Trong qua trinh hoe tai trudng, phdng thuc hinh nghiep vu la noi SV cd the den thudng xuyen de duoc ren luyen mdi trudng thuc hanh nghe Odl