DifeN PAN 0 6 1 MCll^Ajl^BAN, TOAN DIEH CIAO PUC DDI MDI DAD TAD NGDIfP VD SD PDAM TRDNG GAC TRDOllG SD PDAM THCO fliRH HinfnG HinH THnnH nnnG Lire H G H C RGHJCP TS NGUYEN THj KIM D U N G '''' 0Viet Nam[.]
DifeN PAN MCll^Ajl^BAN, TOAN DIEH CIAO PUC DDI MDI DAD TAD NGDIfP VD SD PDAM TRDNG GAC TRDOllG SD PDAM THCO fliRH HinfnG HinH THnnH nnnG Lire HGHC RGHJCP TS N G U Y E N THj K I M D U N G ' Viet Nam, cong tactfaoteogaoTOO(DTG V) cua cac tru6ng si/ pham noi ehung, dao tao nghiep vy su' pham (BT NVSP) noi neng van chu yeu theo phi/ang thij'e cu nen van nhieu bat cap, eham doi moi Vi vay, 13/12/2011, Bp tivong Bp GD-DT da phe duy?t "Chuong trinh Phat trien nganh su pham va eac truong su pham tiJf nam 2011 den nam 2020", theo do, DT NVSP cac trudng su pham theo djnh hudng hinh nang luc nghe nghiep (NLNN) la mot khau then chot Nhung nang luc (NL) NVSP c a n e d doi voi sinh vien tot nghiep dai hoc s u pham (DHSP) Theo chuan nghenghiep giao vien (GV) ma Bp GD-DT ban hanh, nhimg NL NVSP cau tnic NLNN ciia GV gom: • HLiim hieu dol tucmg va moi trudng giao dtic (GD); - NL xay di/ng vathuc hien ke ho^ch day hpe (DH): bao dam kien thtic, chuong trinh mon hpc, van dijng cac phuong phap, phuang tien DH, xay dting mditrudng hoc tap; quan li hosa; - NL xay dijng va thuc hien ke hoach GD qua mon hpc, cdng tae chu nhiem, hoat dpng doan dpi, cac hoat dpng cdng dong; van diing cac nguyen tac, phuang phap, hinh thuc to ehu'c GD; - NL kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hpc tap va ren luyen dao due hoe sinh; - NL phattrien nghe nghiep Day la nhiJng NL cot ldi, can thiet cua GV giup ho thue hien cac ehu'c nang, vai trd, nhi^m vu GD, dap ung yeu cau eija nhatn/dng thdng hien 2}NL GD: thong qua DH mon hpc; NL toehue va phat trien tap the Idp; NL td' ehuc cac hoat ddng GD; NL giai quyet cac tinh hud'ng su pham; NL GD hoc sinh (HS) ca biet; NL tuvan vatham van; NL pha hpp vdi cac luc luong GD va ngoai nha tn/dng; NL xay dung, quan li va sudung ho sa GD 3)NL DH: thehien qua kien thtic, kTnang mdn hpc seday dpho thdng; kien thtic, kTnang cac mdn htx bd' trocd lien quan; NL phat trien chuang trinh mdn hpc; NL van dtjng phuang phap, phuang tien va hinh thtic tochiic DH bpmdn; NLDH phan hda,tichhap;NLIap ke hoach bai hpc; NL to chuc hoat dpng hpe tap cua HS;NLddng vien, tao dpng CO hpctap eho HS;NLxay dung, quan liva sudung khai thac hosa DH 4)NL giao tiep ngon nguva phi ngdn ngiJtrong cac moi quan he vcri hpc sinh, xa hpi 5) NL danh gii G D ; the hien d kha nang to chCfc danh gia GD; thiet kecac edng cy danh gia ketquaGD; thiet kecac cdng cu kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hpc tap; st/dung cac phan mem hdtrp danh gia 6) NL phit trien nghenghiep: gom N L tu danh gia, tu hpc; nghien ciiu khoa hpc Ooi m d i DT NVSP theo djnh hudng hinh NL 1) Nhirng dinh hudng ehung • DTtheo dinh huang hinh NL, dinh huang CDR.Cac NL NVSP dexuatdtren can dupc dua vao CDR dd'i vdi cac ea sdOTG V nhu mdt cdng cy dinh Tren ca sd ehuan nghe nghiep GV da 6udc ban hudng cho viec DT va danh gia sinh vien (SV) tot hanh cung nhu chuan dau (CDR) cua cac eo sd nghiep Do do, DTG V,c/)ua/7 can trd mdt DTGV, yeu cau eua thi/c tidn hoat dpng nghe nghiep van ban djnh hudng cho viec xay dt/ng chuang trinh GV, theo ehung tdi, cdthecy the hda nhiing NL NVSP DT.Tuy nhien, GDR khdng quy dinh nhung npidung DT chi tiet ma chi quy dinh nhimg ket qua, mong can thiet sau: 1) NL tim hieu nguai hgc vi moi tnrang GD: mud'n maqua trinhOTdatdUdc, tren ca sddd, dua tim hieu ea nhan ngudi hpc; tap the Idp; tim hieu mdi tn/dng nha trudng; gia dinh; xa hpi * Vien Nghien ciru sir pham, Truong Oai hoc stf phan Ha Noi Tap chi Gido due so 308 (fii2-4/2023)- nhung hudng d i n ehung ve viec fua chon ndi dung, phuang phap td'chiic va danh gia ket quaOT nham dat 6isac cac N L da quy djnh COR, gan vdi eae tinh hud'ng thuc tiln •DT gin vdl thuc tiSntn/oTig thdng:DH-QD phai ducfc coi la mpt nghe djnh hudng thuc tien, phai duae tien hanh tai thuc dia la cae tn/dng thong Ngoai ra, khoa hpe ve nhan thiic khing dinh ngudi hpc tap mdt each hieu qua han nhu'ng y tudng dupc cung co va kel ndi ca li thuyet l i n thyc hanh TrongDTGV.vaitrdcija tn/dng phd'thdng ratquan trpng dd'i vdi qua trinh phattrien NLNN cho SV, thdng qua thuc tiln, SV khdng chi dupc ren nghe ma dupc hpc ca li thuyet Di/a tren viec phan Iich san pham hoat dpng cda HS, nhifng ke hoach va bai tap cua giao sinh, bang ghi hinh cija GV va HS cung nhu nhifng tinh hud'ng hpc tap va giang day deu cd the gitip SV nit mdi lien he gii/a liluan vathuc tien 2} Nhung dinh huong dol mdi cu the a) Ngidung chuang trinh DTGV:Car\ dam bao md'i quan he va ti le hap li giUa khoa hpc chuyen nganh, khoa hpc GD va thuc tiln phd'thdng DT, dinh hudng nghe DH Cu the: can nang ti trpng khd'i kien thtic su pham td'ng so don vi hpc trinh/tin chi cua chuang trinh DT len miic trung binh cua cac nude tien tien tren the gidi la 30%, dd thi/c tap supham (TTSP) chiem khoang 10% Chu trpng cac hoc phan hinh cac NL cy the lien quan den hoat ddng su pham nhu NL to' ehu'c cae hoat ddng D H - G D , N L cdng tac chij nhiem Idp, NL xd li cac tinh huong su pham, NL giao tiep supham b) Ngi dung DTN VSP: - Md rgng ngi dung T N VSP hudng vao nguoi hgc vi thue lien hoat dgng nghenghiep cua G I'.nhucac kien thiie ve phat tnen cae li thuyet hpc tap va sunhan thii'c sau s^e cac ye'u tdtac dpng den viec thue day si/tham gia cua HS vao qua trinh hpc Trong eae chuang trinh nay, npi dung hpc tap danh cho SVSP tap tnjng nhieu vao viec s i ; dyng cac thdng tin ve HS detao mditrudng hpc tap cd hieu qua cho tat ea HS kifp hpc Nhu vay, trpng tam DTGV hudng den viec Hm ronhUngdac tn/ng cua ngu^hge, den viee giim sit qui trinh hoc vi sudung cie minh ehung decan thiep ed hieu qua vao qui tnnh hgc cua HS (2) Oe SV dat dupe nhung NL NVSP nhude xua't d tren, ben eanh nhi/ng ndi dung NVSP chuang Tap chi Gido dye so 308 trinh OT hien hanh, can bd'sung them nhirng npi dung CO ban sau: - Phat trie'n chuang trinh; - To' chuc va quan li Idp hpc; - Cdng tae ehu nhi^m idp; - Giao tiep va t/ng xi)su pham; -Oanh gia GD; - Cac chuyen de chuyen mdn nang cao nhuGD gia tri nghe nghiep phattrien cac kTnang mem,thafii van vatuvan hpc dudng, xay dijng mdi tn/dng/tn/dng hpc than thien, quan li ho sa DH - GD; - Tiep can module xiy dt/ng chuang trinh RLNVSP vdi xu hudng nay, SV hoan mdi nhdm module (tuang i/ng mdt dan vj OT trpn ven) se cd dupc mpt kT nang nghe nghiep tuang dd'i hoan chmh Tinh ddc lap ctJa module DH cho phep nd cd the duoc lip ghep va phat trien theo chieu ngang (nham trang bi cho SV nhi/ng kien thuc rdng, hoae hinh nhifng kT nang ehung, nhirng kT nang nen tang), dong thdi cung cdthe lip ghep theo chieu dpc vdl mpt so luong nhat djnh (giiip SV dat de'n trinh dp kien thtic, kT nang cao han) Nhdtinh chat linh hoat neu tren co thexaydt/ngcac module RLNVSP phu hop vdi tutig dd'i tupng SV c) Toeht/c DT va RLNVSP: Npi dung DT va RLNVSP can trai deu nam hpc ddai hpc d&' dam bao tinh he thd'ng, tinh phat trien qua trinh RLNVSP.phtjhopvditung chuyen nganh, nhien, SV can dupc tiep can vdi thuc tiln G D phd'thdng sdm, cham nhat la tli nam thti Ndl dung OT NVSP nen dupc chia lam phin: phin ehung DT eho toan bo S V cac nganh hpc cda ta/dng dai hpc su pham (NL tim hieu doi tuong va mdi tn/dng GD, NL GD; NL hoat dpng chinh tri, xa hdi; NL phat trien nghe nghiep ) va phan rieng, dSc tn/ng cho tting chuyen nganh Phan ehung can dUOC thd'ng nhat toan tn/dng ve ndi dung, thdi lUOng de'cackhoa van dyng ren luyen.Tren cosddd cho phep quy trinh hda mdt each chat che qua trinh RLNVSP cho SV moi nganh hpc; dong thdi, can tich hop, Idng ghep RLNVSP vao cac mdn khoa hpc chuyen nganh co ban de' ren nghiep vy ciing nhucd kien thi/c ea ban sau s i c Cac mdn khoa hpc caban phai dupe coi la mpt ye'u to cua khoa hpc su pham vi nd dmh hudng qua trinh hinh NL DH bd mdn dtn/dng phothdng d) Da mdi eong tic quan li, tochdc hoatdgng kien tip, TTSP-f-Xay dung cic tieu chuan, tieu chi danh gia NL NVSP cua SV TTSP:l{enccfsaCdR chua'n NVSP doivdi SV td't nghiep, cac cosdOTGV -(ki2-412023) can cy the'hda eae tieu chua'n, tieu chi danh gia NL NVSP d a v d S V TTSP qua cac dot (kien tap supham,TTSP dot I v a T T S P dot 2);+fangct/dnp m a quan he da tic cung ehiu trich nhiem gida tn/dng DHSP vi cac tn/dng thong CO SVthLKtip:S\Jke\ nd'i lithuyet vathuc hanh chl cdthe phat huy hieu qua neu cdduac s u g i n kettrong md'iquan hegiiJa trudng dai hpe va tn/dng phd'thdng Kinh nghiem eac nudc phat ttien cho tha'y, cd md hinh lien ket trach nhiem chat chedecoi nha tnj'dng phd'thdng lamdtmditnj'ijng OT va G V phothdng la giang vien vdi tu each la ngudi hanh nghe SV den tnj'dng thdng ddng vai la mdt vien nha tardng Hudng d i n SV thue tap lamdttapthegomGVphothdng, giang vien supham, ngudi quan li phd'thdng De lam dupc dieu do, can cd sudd'i md^ toan dien md'i lien ket giCfa trudng su pham va tnj'dng phd'thdng OT, phat trie'n nghe nghiep G V ndi ehung va thi/c hanh, TTSP Cac tn/dng thue hanh can phai duoc xay dyng cae tnJdng phd'thdng lien ket phat then nghe Dd la each hpc ve day tren thue dia, tai Idp hoc tht/cgmg nhu bae sTndi tnJ hoc tai giudng benh, tren lam sang Vi vay, tti "Clinfcar OT ndi tni eua nganh y da trd xu hudng dupc dung kha nhieu eac cai each DTGV cua cac nude hien (3) Tdm lai, chuang trinh OTGV can dupc dd'i mdi theo djnh hudng hinh NL, can xac dinh DH la mdt nghe djnh huifmg thuc hanh vaphai chuan bi cho GV tuang lai ed nhimg kien thuc bd mdn virng chic, cac NL NVSP dong bp; ndl each khae, cac npi dung NVSP phaidupc dae biet chu trpng cac chuong trinh OTGV Ben canh dd, eae chuong trinh OTGV phai dua tren md'i quan he ddi tae ehat che giifa tn/dng dai hpc vdi trudng phd'thdng nhim cijng edca lithuyet va tht/e hanh giang day vadap ting ehuan nghe nghiep G V a (1) Nguyin Thanh Binh "Xacdinh c5c lieu chi danh g i i nSng Ii;c gido