BIEN PHAP KAY DITNG VAN HOA NHA TRITfiNG SIf PHAM OTRLTONG DAI HOC SU PHAM HA NOI ThS N G U Y G N T H I M I N H NGUYET" 1 Nhung van de ca ban cua van hda nha trudng (VHNT) 1) Bmh nghia VHNT VHNT ed md[.]
BIEN PHAP KAY DITNG VAN HOA NHA TRITfiNG SIf PHAM OTRLTONG DAI HOC SU PHAM HA NOI ThS Nhung van de c a ban cua van hda nha trudng (VHNT) 1) Bmh nghia VHNT VHNT ed mdi quan he chatchevdi van hoa (VH) td'chdc VH td'chdc dupc hinh cac vien nhdm "hpc dupc each thde giaiquyet nhdng van de eua thieh dng vdi moi tnrdng ben ngoaiva hpi nhgp ben - nhung gia djnh cP ban da van hanh td't va dupc xem la cd giatrj vavi vay dupe dgy eho nhung vien mdi nhu nhdng each thdc dung denhan thdc, suy nghT vacam giae xem xet cac van de" (2) VH to' ehdc chinh la nhung gia trj duac tieh luy qua trinh hinh va phattrien cua to ehdc, la nhung each thdc dung djnh hudng cho cac vien td'chdc nhgn thde, suy nght, hanh dpng VH to chuc tao nen net rieng biet cua to' ehue dd so vdi cac to chdc khae VHNT CO day du dgc tinh cua VH tochdc, song cOng cd nhdng dac trung rieng Theo Christopher R Wagner, "VHNT la suchia se nhung kinh nghiem ca va ngoai nha tn/dng (tmyen thdng v a l l k i niem), tgo nen nhi^g cam xue ve cpng dong, gia dinh va vien cua mpt nhdm" (3) Kent D Peterson va Tenenee E Deal djnh nghia "VHNT la mot dong chay ngam cua nhung chua'n muc, gia tri, niem tin, truyen thdng va nghi le dupc hinh theo thdi gian ngudi lam viec cung nhau, giai quyet eae vain de va dd'i mat vdi eae thach thdc djnh hinh suy nghT, cam XUC va hanh dpng cua ccn ngudi nha tn/dng tgo cho nha tn/dng sukhac bief Hai tac gia nhan manh: '1n/dng hpc cung la mot nen VH cd ca tinh dpc dao cua rieng minh" (4) Ojnh nghta cua Joan Richardson nhan manh vao su hinh cija VHNT: "VHNT la sutich luy cac gia trj va chuan mi/c cua nhieu ngudi Dd la su dong thuan ve nhi?ng gi quan trpng,Dolanhuhgki vpng cua tap theehdkhong phai nhdng ki vpng cOa mpt ca nhan"(5) 2) Ca'u true va bieu hien cua VHNT a) Cau true VHNT6uac hau het cac nha nghien cdu nhat tri vdi mpt hai md hinh sau: - Mdhinh 2tangbae(hay md hinh tang bang) dupe dua bdi (ki2-8/2013)- N G U Y G N T H I M I N H NGUYET" Frank Gonzales (1978) Theo do, VH to chdc gidng nhu mpt tang bang, be noi la nhung yeu lode quan sat 6uac va de thay dd'i; be sau la eae gia tri, niem tin va cac y nghT cua ngudi, kho quan sat dupc hoac kho thay dol; - Md hinh tang bae, dupc dua bdi Edgar H, Schein, gom: + Yeu to huu hinh (co the quan sat dupc); + Nhung gia trj dupc the hien (bao gom niem tin, thai dp, caeh dng xu); + Nhung gia thiet CO ban (bao gom nhdng yeu td lien quan den moi trudng xung quanh, thUc te cija to' elide, den hoat dpng va mdi quan he glua eon ngudi to ehdc) b) Cac bieu hien cua VHNT qua mo hinh tang bae: •Ca'cd/eurt/en6end/;-Cacyeu tdngoai eanh eua nha trudng, nhu: tranh anh, khau hieu, cay canh, cay xanh, nPi trung bay san pham cija hpc sinh, phong truyen thong, phdng sinh hoat tap the ciia giao vien, phong sinh hoat tap the eua hpc sinh ;-Sdmenh, tam nhin cija nhatrudng;-Logo, phij hieu, bieu trung, bai hat truyen thdng eua nha tn/dng; - Cae nghi le, nghi thue truyen thdng eua nha tn/dng; - Khdng Idp hpe; • Kt luat, nen nep eija nha tn/dng; - Hoat dpng cua giao vien nha trudng; - Hoat dpng tap the cua giao vien, hpc sinh nhatrudng; - Nhung giao tiep khong ehinh thde giua cac nhom ngudi nha tardng; - Thai do, hanh dpng lien quan den quyen Ipi ea nhan cua can bp (CB), giao vien; - Thai dp, hanh dpng lien quan den trach nhiem ctja CB, giao vien 'Cac bieu hien be sau:-Mong muon canhan cua eae vien nha trudng; - Nhu cau ca nhan cija cae vien nha trucmg; - Cam xue cac vien khidentrudng;-Suphanbd'quyen lue nha tn/dng; • Cac giatrj dupe coi trpng cija nha tnJdng: su sang tao doi mdi, su hpp tac ; - Cae gia trj mdi quan he giua cac vien nha trudng: su chan that, suedi md, suton trpnq, tin tudng 3}Strhinh vaphattrien cua VHNT VH NT khdng phai cd tudau ma dupe tieh luy theo thdi gian, qua qua trinh hoat dpng va tUOng tac gida eae * Khoa Quan li giao due, fmimg Dai hpc sir pli^m Ha Ngi Tqp chi Giao due so 316 25 vien trpng Id'chirc va didn iidn luc Irong sudt qua Irinh phat Irie'n nha Irudng Tlieo Kent D i^eterspn va Terrence E Deal (4), cac cS'p lanh dap nhattirdng la chia khda de'hinh Ihanh VH trudng hpc Trpng dd, anh hudng idn nhS'l Ihupo v^ hi§u Irudng, Ihdngquacachpgtddng egthe'cua minh, hi^uInrdng la nhan idquyet djnh su phat Irie'n cua VHNT VHNT supham 1) Khai niem VHNT SP cdthe hieu la nhting net dac tn/ng rieng biet cua tn/cfng SP dui?c t^o nen bdi mol h$ Ihong cac niSm tin, gia Irj, chuan muc, thoi quenva tnjyen thing duac laora Irong qua trinh Ijch Sl}, dutic cac vien irong nha trudng thua nh$n, lam theo va in dau an cac hinh thai vit chii va tinh than, phtic vi,i cho muc tieu dao t^o giao vi^n, 2} Mgt so net VH dac tnrng cua truang SP: • SO mgng, tam nhin cija nha Irudng hudng tdi mgo tieu dao lap giap vien; - Cac chua'n mgc, gia trj, niem tin Irong nha tnrdng la minh chiitig sinh ddng chp nhiing pham chal can ed cua ngudi giap vien; - Cac truyen Ihd'ng, nghithlie, nghi l l eua nhatrudng hudng den bdi dudng Idng yeu nghe, Idn vinh ngheday hpc; - Lich Suva nhdng cau chuyen dupc luu Iniyen the' hien niem lu hap ve nha Irudng, ve ngudi glao vien; - Con ngudi va cac md'i quan he trpng nha trudng mang linh SP; • Kie'n true, hien vat va cac bieu tupng cua nha trudng mang dac trung SP 3) Bien phip xiy dtrng VHNTSP ianh manh, bao gdm: - Xay dung su menh, tam nhin cua nha tnrdng hudng tdi muc tieu dao tao glao vien va chia se den lat ca CB, giang vien (GV), sinh vien (SV) nha In/dng;-Xay dung va chia se cac gia trj cdt loi eua nha In/dng su pham; - Dua cac thdng diep de'n CB, GV, SV nha tn/dng; • Xay dung cac chua'n muc VH nha tn/dng de'ludn cai tie'n vavudnldi;- Huy dpng ta't ca CB, GV, SV tham gia xay dung VHNT; - Tao lap gla In lich cue cho cac mdl quan he nha trudng; - Tgo dung Ijch s i va Iruyen thd'ng nha Irudng; - Td'chdc mang ludi cac kenh thdng tin thdng sud't nha trudng; - Thuc day su hpp tac cac hoglddng cOg nhglrudng;-Can bpquan li (CBQL) tap dung vaduy tri uy tin thucsg, neu gudng chp CB, GV, SV nhatrudng; -CoiIrpng phattrien chuyen mdn, nghe nghiep cho CB, GV; - Xay dung cd che giam sat danh gia, khen Ihudng hpp ii Ihuc day su nd iuc cua C B , G V , S V ; - G h i nhgn su ndiuc, cd'ng hie'n cua cac Ihanh vien nha tn/dng; - Coi trpng su lien luc cai lien Irong nha Irudng; - Giai quye'l cac mau l l i u i n , xung dpi ndi bd kip Ihdi; - Xay dung b^u khdng dan chu, khuye'n khich CB, GV, SV tham gia ddng 26 Tqp chi Giae due so 316 gdp y kien; - Xay dgng kien Wo, khdng gian VHNT dpp, hSi hda, phuc vg hi|u qua cho hpgt d^ngigjaiig dgy,hpctSp Thuc trgng x i y dung VHNT SP i Truong Sal hpc s u ph^m (OHSP) H I N$l Bieu Ira dupc lien hanh Iren 140 khgch Ihekhgo sal, gdm: 100 SV thudc cac khoa, cac khda khac nhau; 18 CBQL, 22 GV Ihudc cac khpa khac trcng nha Irudng b^ng phie'u dieu Ira vcri cau hdi, 53 lieu chiva xdii sdiieu bang phan mem SPSS, k^'m Ira dp tin cay qua chi sd Crpnbach>s Alpha K^t qua nhu sau: 1) Yeu lobenoieua VHNT, dUdc danh gia Iheo mu'c dp, Irong 1: ra'l tieu cue; 5: rSt tich cue; 3: mu'c dp trung gian Kd't qua thu dupc nhusau: Bang Thuclrangcacy^'utd'benoicua VHNTTnrdngBHSPHaNoi Biefu men b« ndl cua VHNT Cdc fiu id ngo^l canh (ktAi Inic, hien vai ,1 Sum^nh ldm nhin Low khdu hiSu Natilll L|ch sij vd nh[?ng cAu chuyfn KhGna ldc hoc Ki iuSt nS n^p Ho^t d^ng l$p md (Ho^t dOng chung cOa Truflng, Khoa cdc hoBiaSngDoan-Hfti.) Phong cdeh ciia cAn bl) QV, SV [Irann phye, npOn norJ eu chi ) Cin bd aldo vifin CB OV TB SV X 3,15 3,43 3.30 4.12 3J8 4.00 4.06 3.33 4,32 3.46 3.27 in 3,73 4,06 3.96 3.30 AfW 157 3,56 3.33 3.73 2.12 3.41 4,00 3.3B 3B? 3,77 3,38 3,69 3,74 3,S9 4,10 4,0* Tliff b4e 4a 7' B' aU 5« 3,52 3.82 3,66 3,96 3,BS 3.69 4.09 4.00 4,20 4.13 Srim truna binh chuna T "• Bang che Ihay, cac ye'u i d be ndi cua VHNT dupc CB, GV, SV Trudng DHSP Ha Ndi danh gia tUdng dd'i tich cue, vdi die'm trungbinhchungia3,91 Tuy nhien, muc dp cua cac ye'u Ic khdng ddng deu Sd menh, tam nhin; phpng each cOa CB, GV, SV va ki lual nen ne'p eua nha trudng la nhiing ye'u id dupc danh gla tich cue nha't vdi die'm trung binh tur4,20den 4,04 Nhu vay, ed th§' Ihay, sut mpnh lam nhin cua nhatrudng dupc xay dgng kha idL liudng ldi mgc tieu dao Igo gigo vien va dinh hudng cho sgphalIrie'n ciia nha Irudng Phpng each CB, GV, SV the hien kha rd chuan mue cua ngudi giap vien va dupc thehien trcng mpi hpglddng Kllual, ndn ne'p cua nhatrudng cdquy djnh kha rd rang va dupc chap hanh nghiem chinh Tuy nhien, cac ye'u td nghi l l , khdng idp hpc, Ijch si)va nhUng cau chuyen luu truyen nhatrudng lai dupc danh gia thap ton ri't nhieu, die'm trung binh I0t3,57 de'n 3,77 Thep danh giSoua CB, GV, SV, ijch siilniyen thd'ng cua nha tn/dng chua dupc phd'bi^ rdng rai dudi nhieu hinh th UK khac de'bdiduSsg idng yeunghe, niem tuhap ve nha tn/dng Khdjgikfi -(kl2-8/2013) Idp hpc chua thgt susdi noi, hdng thu; G V-SV hpp tac chua th^t hieu qua Dac biet cae nghi thdc, nghi l l cua nha tardng cdn qua it, chua thu hut dupc ddng dao CB,GV,SV tham gia 2) Cac yiu td'besau cua VHNT, duoc danh gia theo mde dp, d61: rat tieu cue; 5: feit tich cue; 3: mde dp tmng gian Ket qua thu dupe nhu sau: Bang2 Thuc trang cac yeu lobe sau cua VHNT•• Tnfdng BHSP Ha Ndi Bi^uhi$nbdnSt cDaVHNT Mong mudn, nhu cSu vS hpc tjp, giang dgy Bangs Thuc trang cac bi$n phap xay dung VHNTTn/dng DHSP Ha Noi Huy Wnn ill ci CB GV, SV Urnn cB idy img W TurnU M teh W chock mti quan W Irono HT TwawlcinawiniyiniMiiaNT TichOc ifttng lufli ck lifeili UiDngtin Itiflng sufti [ror^ H HiOt diy iilliai Ut Imng cic MH tuxig cil HI can bi}, giao uian CM Irong ph3t (rlin cliuvin min, nghi nnlilip che GV, it GMi quyh cie miu ihuln lung Ml nfll b) lilp Dtt Si/sang tgo OdimtM iuiim,)(nUMce.iivsvniin Kiy amg bin mle IWrigflBiiVI Quyan li/c BiJm Irung binh chung Bang2cho thay, cac yeu to be sau cua VHNT d Trudng DHSP Ha Npi cung dupe CB, GV, SV danh gia d mde dp tuong doi tieh cue, vdi diem tnjng binh ehung Ia3,90 Song giua eae yeu toco suchenh lech ro net Niem tin, suton trpng, chat lupng ta nhdng yeu tdVHNTbesaudupedanhgiatich cue nhat, CB,GV, SV cam thay dupc tin tudng, giao trach nhiem (x=4,13) vaeam thay luon dupe tdn trpng ( y = 4,11) Chat lupng dao tao ludn dupe col trpng va dupe xem la yeu tdquyei dinh, tao nen dac tning va thuong hieu rieng cua nha tardng ( = 4,11) Tuy nhien, eae yeu td'hpp tac, sang tao doi mdi va cong hien lai dupc danh gia tha'p hPn rat nhieu: su hpp tac chua thuc sudupc de cao va chua dupc hien thuc hoa cac hoat dpng cua nha tnidng {x=3,59); susang tao, doi mdi cung chuathuesudupccoitrpng, nhieu [inh vuc hoat dpng cua nha tnrdng cdn thu cuu, cutig nhac (7=3,67).SuconghiendUpexem lampttrong nhdng giatrj cdtloicuaTrUdngDHSP Ha Npi, nhien CB, GV, SV vln chua thue sucdng hien het minh cho su phattrien chung cua nhatrudng (J=3,69) 3) Cac bien phap xay dung VlfNT, duoc danh gia theo mde dp, dp: 1: chua t ^ 2: binh thudng; 3:tPt.Ketquathu dupc nhusau: BangScho thay, hau het cac bien phap xay dung VHNT d,TrUdngDHSPHaNpi deu dupcCB.GV.SV danh gia d mde dp binh thudng, diem tmng binh td 1,79 den 2,30, diem trung binh chung la 2,05 Trong (ki2-8/2013)- cac bien phap dupc thuc hien tdt nhat bao gom: eoi trpng phat trien chuyen mdn (x: 2,30); tao dung Ijch su,truyen thdng nhatrudng (diem trung binh 7:2,29) va xay dung kien true, khong gian VHNT (diem tnjng binh 2,17} Cae bien phap thuc hien kem nhat bao g6m:xaydungvachiasesdmenh,tam nhin cua nha tn/dng (j=1,79); xay dung vachia secac giatrj cdt loi cua nhatn/dng (7:1,86) va giaiquyet cac mau thuln, xung dot npi bp kjp thdi (x: 1,86) Nhuvay cdthe thay, cac bien phap xay dung VHt^T dupc thuc hien tdt hon la nhung bien phap tae dpng vao be nd'i cua VHNT, Cae bien phap tae dpng vao besau cua VHNT dupe thuc hien kem hieu qua hon Ngoai ra, eo su chenh lech kha ido gida danh gia cua CBQL vdi GV ve mde dp thuc hien cac bien phap xay dung VHNT CBQL danh gia cac bien phap xay dung VHNT dupe thuc hien dmdedptrung binh, GV danh gia CO phan chua tdt GV danh gia bien phap giai quyet mau thuan, xung dot npi bp kjp thdi dupc thue hien chua tdt (J=1,36} CBQL danh gia dmdc dp binh thudng {J=1,89) GV cung danh gia cae bien phap sau day chua dupc thuc hien tdt: xay dung va chia se cac gia tri cdt loi (7=1,64); dua eae thdng diep den CB, G V, SV (7=1,64); huy dpng sutham gia cuatateaCB,GV,SVvaoxaydungVHNT(7=1,36} Tuy nhien, danh gia cua CBQL cac bien phap dupe thuc hien d mde dp binh thudng (lan lupt la 1,89;2,33 vai,67).Giua cac bien phap xay dung VHNT vdi cac bieu hien cua VHNT cd mdi tuong quan vdi Do cae bien phap xay dung vachia se eae giatrj cdt Idi cua nha tardng, giai quyet mau thuin, xung dpi Tqp chi Gido due so 316 ; npi bd kjp thdi thut; hien chua dupc tdt nen mdt loat cac giatrj nhusuhpp tac, sucdng hid'n, susang tao dolmcri chua dupe tileu hien tich cue De xua) cac bien phap xay dung VHNT supham 1) Thudngxuyin tim hieu, danh gia thuc trang VHNTla bien phap dau tien va can dupc thi/c hi^n thudng xuyfin nh^m tim kiem nhdng yeu to tich ci/c VHNT denudidudng.vun^dng; phat hipn nhung yeu to tieu cue da va dang hinh VHNT dd' xoa bo hay cai thien, ddng thdi tim nhdng yeu td VHNT khdng cdn phu hop vdi nhdng thay doi cua kinh te - VH - xa hpi va giao due hien tai lam anh hudng den suphat trien eua nha trudng de eo nhdng thay doi, dieu ehinh cho phu hpp 2) Su dung phoi hgp bien phap ditac dgng vao besau cua VHNTnh^m xay dung he thdng gia trj hinh niem tin, thuc day su hpp tac, tang cudng sug^n bdeija CB, G V, S V Dac biet, nhung bien phap eo suchenh lech danh gia ve mde dp hieu qua giua GV vdi CBQL can dupc tang cudng thuc hien hon nda Cu the, ean: - Xay dung dupc nhung gia tri cdt loi lam nen tang cho cac hoat dpng va eae mdi quan he nhatarc^g, do, can dac biet ehuyden nhung giatrj dac trung cua tm'dng SP nhu su ehuan muc, su hpp tae, su sang tao, sucdng hien; - Cac gia tri cdt loi can dupe bien den toan theCB, giao vien, hpc sinh, hinh tap they thuc, niem tin ve nhdng giatrj nen tang eua nhatardng; - Khuyen khich suphat trien euamSicanhan, dacbiet la suphat trien vechuyen mon cho CB,GV, SV; - Xay dung bau khdng dan chu, cPi mp, ehia se quyen luc va trach nhiem tai CB, G V, SV nha tn/dng de tao cho hp y thdc g^n bd vdi nha tmdng, cam thay nha tmdng thuc su la cua minh, tudo phat huy susang tao va nd luc cua moi ca nhan dong gdp cho nhatmdng; - Quan tam giai quyet eae mau thuan, xung dot npi bp nha tn/dng kjp thdi detao cac md'i quan he tieh cue, thuc day lam viec hpp tac;-CBQL can xay dung vaduy tri uy tin thucsu, tao nhung anh hudng ticli cue den CB, G V, S V tPan tn/dng; - Ghi nhan su cdng hien cua cac vien vao su phat trien chung cua nha trudng de' tao ddng luc vathuc day nd lyc eua tifng CB, G V, SV 3) Tang cudng thuc hiin cac biin phap tac dgng vao be noi cua VHNT, bao gom: xay dung va hoan thien he thd'ng chuan muc VH cho tait ca cac ITnh vuc, cac hoatdpng, cae mdiquan hetrong nhatofdng; huy dpng, Idi keo sutham gia cua tat ca CB, G V, SV; xay d i ^ g eo che phd'i hpp giua cac luc lupng nha tn/dng de tang cudng hpp tac hieu qua va hinh 281 Tgp chi Giao due so 316 mang Iddi thdng tin thdng su6t phuc vy cho vipc trap ddi thdng tin, hpp tac lam vipc, Irao ddi, ghi nh^n cac y kiS'n phan hdi Ngoai ra, can chu y xSy ddrig, cai t?o, hoan thien kien tmc, khdng gian VH de ta't ea khong gian nha tn/dng deu phuc vy hiSu qua cho hoat dpng dao tgo giao vien cua nha trudng Cac bipn phap xay dung VHNT SP ndi trdn cdmdi quan h^ch|it che vdi nhau, vda nhlim eai thien nhung bieu hipn chua tich cyc, vda nuoi dudng, phat trien nhdng giatrj tich cue VHNT VHNT cd vai trd quan trpng, anh hudng tn/c tiep de'n cha't lupng dao tgo giao vien cae truflng SP Vdi Tnidng D H S P Ha Npi ndi rieng va cac tn/dng SP ndi chung, VHNT thudng chda dung dong thdi cac bilu hl^n tich ci/c cung nhu cac bidu hipn tidu cue Chinh vi vay, de xay dung VHNT thyc su tich cyc, lanh manh, phuc vu hieu qua cdng tae dao tgo giao vien ddi hdi phai thudng xuyfin danh gia thuc trang VHNT va cd nhOng bien phap ddng bp, phu hpp de tac ddng vao ca be nd'i va be sau cua VHNT Q (1) Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, http:// www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-culturaldimensions/ (2) Edgar H Schein Organizational Culture and Leadership Jossey • Bass: San Francisco, 1995 (3) Christopher R Wagner The School Leader's Tool for Assessing and Improving School Culture (4) Kent D Peterson and Terrence E Deal How Leaders Influence the Culture of Schools, 2006 (5) Joan Richardson "Shared Culture: A Consensus of Individual Values", Results, 2001 Tai li^u tham khao NguySn Thu Linh - HS Hoa Ly Vfin hda tfi chiic-b' thuydt, thuc trang va giai phdp phdt tri^n vdn bda t6 chih: a Vi^t Nam NXB Vdn hda - Thdng tin, H 2005 Trfln Ki^m Ti^p c|in hi^n d^i qudn If gido due NXB Dgi hpc suphgm, H 2007 Deal I.E Peterson D K Shaping School Culture The heart of Leadership, Jossey-Bass, 1999 SUMMARY School culture closely relates to the quahtyofeducation in universities This article introduces and analyzes the result ofthe survey on the situation of school culture and shaping school culture at Ha Not National University of Education On this basis, the author proposes some measures to shaping positive school culture that are necessary to improving the quality of education -(ki2-8/2013)