CMMUI U e M O D W C CHUAN BAU RA CUA CAC CO SO DAO J A O NGHE VA VAN DE DAO TAO THEO NHU CAU XA HOI ThS NGUYEN XUAN THUV Toan eau hoa, hpi nhap, kinh tethj ta/dng, khoa hpe va edng nghe (KH&CN) phat t[.]
CMMUI U e M O D W C CHUAN BAU RA CUA CAC CO SO DAOJ A O NGHE VA VAN DE DAO TAO THEO NHU CAU XA HOI ThS N G U Y E N X U A N T H U V T oan eau hoa, hpi nhap, kinh tethj ta/dng, khoa hpe va edng nghe (KH&CN) phat trien la eae dae trung co ban cua thcri dai nay, yeu cau mpi hoat ddng xa hdi phai thay doi Trong do, noi bat la su thay doi ve nhu cau dao tao (DT) nguon n/7an/uckhdng nhimg ve so lupng, eo caiu ma van de quan trpng hon la eae yeu cau ve kien thdc, kTnang va thai dpcua mdi ngudi hanh nghe de vua tri cac nganh nghe truyen thd'ng iai vda phattrien eac nganh nghe mdi n h l m dap dng md hinh va trinh dp phat trien kinh te- xa hdl (KT-XH) tren cac binh dien cdng dong, dja phuong, qud'c gia, quoc te Thue te doi hoi cac CO sd day nghe can ed cac chuong trinh DT vdi muc tieu lam cho ngudi hpc ap dyng thao cac tri thdc KH&CN tien tien, vdi cac tri thdc, kT nang va thai dp mdi hanh nghe Nhu vay, xay dung mpt chuong trinh DT vol "chuan dau ra" (CDR) ve kien thuc, kTnang va thai dp dedap dng dupc nhu cau mdi cua xa hpi ve nguon nhan lye la mdi quan h^ co tinh bipn chdng ma cac CP sd dao t^o nghe (DTN) hipn can giai quyet Nhu cauxahpi(NCXH)veDT nguon nhan luc "Nhu cau" dupc hieu la suphan anh khach quan cac ddi hdi ve v^t chait, tinh than va xa hoi cua ddisaig ngudiphii hpp vdi trinh phat trien KT-XH tdng thcri ki ljch sd; hoae cung la "cai can eo, eai mong dpi, cai can tim cho duoe" de dap ung nhung mong muon eua eon ngudi ve vat eha't, tinh than va xa hpi Cdn"NCXH"la"sytOTghoanhu cau" cua canhan, tap theva to'chdc (mot to'chdc hoae cahe thdng cac td'chdc xa hpi) Hay ndi each khac, NCXH dupc hinh td nguydn vpng cua cac phan cau xa hpi {ca nhan, to chuc, cpng dong, dia phuong, quoc gia, khu vuc va toan cau) ve hieu biet, giao tiep, trao ddi, giai tri va lao dpng, ; td cac yeu eau phat trien eua mot hay mpi hoat dpng xa hpi (nhu chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, y te, giao dye va KH&CN, ) de xa hpi on dinh va phat trien b) Nhueau "hgc du'Cfc"c(jangi/aihoc6[iqchm\A cac mong muon cua hp la se hpc dupc gi khoa OT ve kien thde, kT nang hanh nghe va cac thai dp can thiet (hieu theo "hpc de bieT) n h l m dap dng nhu cau su dung lao dpng cua cac to chdc su dyng lao ddng (hie'u theo nghia "hpc de lam") Mat khac, de the hien nhu cau nay, ngudi hpc nhin vao cac chuong trinh, npi dung, phuong phap va hinh thde td'chdc, phuong thdc danh gia ket quaOT tai eae cosdOT Trong cac NCXH ve nguon nhan luc dupc hinh khdng nhung tdcac mong mud'n cua eac td'chdc, co quan ' TraSog Cao dang nghe ca Mil nong n^i^p doanh nghiep sudung nhan lue (gpi la nhu cau sd dyng lao dpng); ma la mong mud'n cua dd'i tupng OT (gpi la nhu cau cua ngudi dupc DT) Trong dd: 1) Nhu cau sd dung lao dong la nhdng mong mud'n cua cac td'chdc, co quan, doanh nghiep, (gpi ehung la "to chdc") ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng ma hp can tuyen dyng ve kien thue kT nang, thai dp hanh nghe de dam bao dung chdc nang va nhiem vu mahpdupc td'chdc giao phd Nhung eac kien thuc, kTnang va thai dp dd cua ngudi lao dpng lai lien quan den cac chuong trinh OTN noi ehung va mdi nghecy the ndi rieng cua caceosdDTN -cuthe la lien quan den mycti§uOT cd ttmg ehuong trinh DT voi yeu cau phai the hien viec ngudi duoc OT ed cae kien thdc, kTnang va thai dp theo chuan nao Ndi each khac, nhu eau sd dyng lao dpng eua to' chdc ed mdi quan he mat thiet VOT COR cua ngudi dupe OT cac ehuong trinh OTcuacaccosdOTN 2)Nhu cau cua ngiraidtrqc £7r(ngudi hpc) la cac mong muon cua hpdupe hpe nghe ma minh yeu thich; dupe trang bi cac kien thde, kTnang can thiet de hanh nghecohieuquavaed thai dp tot hanh nghe Cuthe: a) Nhu cau "dLfOChoc"cija ngLfdihgccomol quan he mat thiet vdi "chuan dau vao", hinh thuc va cae dieu kien ve tuye'n sinh, to chdc hoat dpng DT, mdi ta/dng OT cua eo sd OTN Neu cac yeu td phii hpp voi mong mudn, nhu cau eua nguoi hpc thi hp mdi tham gia dy tuyen dedupc vao hpc Tap chi Giao due so 311 (ki - 6/2013) - chuong trinh OT dd cd muc tieu DT the hien rd sau DT ngudi hpc cd dupc cae kien thuc, kT nang va thai dp nao - cd nghTa la ngudi hpc cd nhu cau biet dupc vathuc hien dupc CDR dd'i vdi m i l chuong trinh DT (hoae khoaOT) ve mpt nganh nghe hpcan hpc tai cOsdOT can phai giai q u y ^ m a quan he bien chiing giiJa NCXH veOT nguon nhan luc vdi myc tieu DT, doco viec xac dinh CDR cho moi nghe Quan diem va djnh hudng ve cac giai phap g i n ket giua NCXH ve DT nguo'n nhan luc vdi xay dung CDR cua cac c a s d D T N CDR cua cac c a s d D T N va md'i quan he vdi NCXH ve DT nguon nhan luc Hien nay, xay dung va eong bo CDR la mpt cae yeu cau doi vdi cae eo sd OTN CO R la he thong cac quy dinh ve noi dung kien thuc chuyen mon; kf nSng thi/c hanh, kha nang nhan thi/c cong nghe vi giai quyet van de; cong viec ma ngudi hgc co the dim nhan sau tot nghiip va cacyeu cau die thu khac dd'i vi^'tung trinh do, nganh - ngheDT Hien nay, d Viet Nam, mang ludi eo sdday nghe da dupc md rpng, da dang va phan bo tuong ddi deu dcae dja phuong, cae viing, mien ca nude Ccf quan quan li nha nude ve day nghe [long ciJc d^y nghe\huoc BgLaodgng- Thudngbinh viXah^ia ban hanh hethd'ng cac chuong trinh khung cua mot so' nghe; ban hanh danh muc thiet bi tdi thieu (de phyc vy OTN) cho mpt so cae nganh nghe eung nhu he thd'ng ehuong trinh khung cho nhieu ngheOT Tuy nhien, eac eo sd day ngtie noi ehung v l n chua dam bao muc tieu day "nhung caixahdicari' ma chi day "nhdng cai ma minh cd"; day nghe chua gin vol NCXH; chat lupng DTN chua dap dng dUOc nhu clu eua thi ta/dng lao dpng ve kTnang nghe, ve tac phong iao dpng, kha nang lam viee theo to, nhdm,, ; cac co quan quan II vacae CO sdday nghe v l n chua cong bo COR cho eac nganh, nghe OT, d i n de'n hien tupng eac doanh nghiep, cac co sd sddyng lao dpng khong biet nang luc cua ngudi lao dpng vao lam vi?c (m ac dii da qua OTN) nen v i n phai tien hanh OT lai kl nang nghe cho ngucri lao dpng Xay dung va cdng bo COR cua cac eP sd DTN nhlm: 1) Cong khai voixa hgi venang luc DTva cac diiu kien dam bao chat lugng cua truang de: • Ngucri hpc, phu huynh, nha tuyen dung bietva giam sat; -Thuc hien nhdng cam ket cua nhatrudng vdi xa hdive chait lupng OT de can bd quan li, giang vien va ngudi hpc no lye vuon len giang day va hpc tap; -Ooi mdi edng tae quan li OT, phuong phap day hpc, phuong phap kiem tra danh gia; - Xae djnh ro nghia vy va nSng cao trach nhiem cua dpi ngu can bp quan li, giang vien cae hoat dpng giang day, phuc vu giang day va quan li nhlm giup ngudi hpe vuon len hpe tap cung nhu tuhpc de dat CDR, 2} Thong bao de nguoi hgc biet dugc he thd'ng cac kien thtic, kfnangse dupc trang bi sau tot nghiep mpt ehuyen nganh d mpt trinh dp ve ehuan nang lye nghenghiep, kien thdc chuyen mon, kTnang thye hanh, kha nang nhan thde va giai quyet v l n de, cdng vi^c ma ngudi hpc cd the dam nhan sau tdt nghiep 3) Tao CO hoi ^ng cuong hgp tac, gan ket giua nha truong va doanh nghiep OT va su dyng nhSn luc cho xa hpi, dap dng yeu cau cua eac nhasu'dyng lao dpng Nhuvay, thyc chat cua COR la dat tdi NCXH ve DT nguon nhan h/e cho phattrien KT-XH (nhu cau sd dyng lao ddng va nhu cau hpe tap) nhung lai mang "tinh rieng" cho mdi nghe dupc OT va phal phii hpp vdi moi tardng phat trien KT-XH cua edng dong, xa hpL CDR va NCXH la mpttrong cacyeu toma eae eo sdOTN phai xem xet rd md'i quan he giua chiing de lam can cuxay dung muc lieu OTva to chdc qua qua trinh DTN Cdng tac DT eac cd sd day nghe Tap chi Gido due so 311 7^Qi/anrf/em,Xaydung CDR cua mptma nghe cy the can: -Dap ung yeu cau va NCXH ve sddung iao dpng tdng giai doan; - Thyc hien thong nhat cac eo sd day nghe de dam bao "mat bing" chat lupngDTcua tdng nghe toan xahpi;-CDR la CO sdde kiem djnh va danh gia chat lupng DT cua mdi cosd ciing nhu he tiiong eac CO sdday nghe,qua dd dieu chinh chuong trinh OT eho phii hpp; - Giup cac CO quan sd dyng lao dpng dua eae tieu chi tuyen dyng lao dpng 2^ O/n/j/iifong; - Cd nhdng dieu tra xa hpi hpc de n l m bit yeu cau va NCXH veDTN (cd cac nghe gi? ddau? phat trien nhuthenao? so lupng nhan lye can thiet tdng giai doan? , dae biet la cae yeu cau ve nang luc va pham chat nghe nghiep); - Xay dyng chuong trinh va ndi dung DT (trong cd myc tieu bam sat nhu cau OT - the hien rd COR) phii hc^ vdi tdng khu vue, tdng vung, tdng mien cua dat nude; - Xay dung giao trinh va he thdng cac tai lieu tham khao; - Cdng bd CDR eua tdng nghe OT (he thong cac kien thdc, kT nang, thai dp cua ngudi hpc sau tot nghiep); - To' chdc hoat dpng OT theo chucriig -(kil-6/2013) trinh (chpn giang vien; phuong phap va hinh IhiJc to chiic cac ldp hoc, ); • Chuan bi CO sdvat chat thiet bj BT (thif vien, thi nghiem, xuong thuc hanh) day i u , kip thcri, thtrc hien chuan hoa, tien tdi hien dai hoa, ; - Phoi hgfp vdi cac co quan, to chdc, doanh nghiep, ca nhan, trcng nganh, dja phuong, cac trudng ban, nude ngoai dehdtrovenhan luc, l