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0AM BAO CHAT M O TBONG CAC TROiG/KHOA DAI HOC SIT PHAM ThS P H A M LE C a O N G * Trong boi canh hoi nhap quoc te hien nay, chat lupng giao due dai hpe (GDDH) khdng chi don thuan dat cae chuan muc quo[.]
0AM BAO CHAT M O TBONG CAC TROiG/KHOA DAI HOC SIT PHAM ThS T rong boi canh hoi nhap quoc te hien nay, chat lupng giao due dai hpe (GDDH) khdng chi don thuan dat cae chuan muc quoc gia ma phai tien tdi dat cae chuan m ue khu vuc va tren the gidi Vi the, chat lupng dao tao giao vien (G V} eua eae tn/dngykhoa Oai hoc su pham (0 H SP) phai dupe dam bao, hay ndi each khac, eac tn/cflig/khoa DHSP can trien khai cdng tac dam bao chait lupng (OBCL) mpt each toan dien va hieu qua I.KhainiemOBCL OBCL la mpt nhi?ng phuong thufc quan li chat lucmg (QLCL), xuat phat tu'linh vuc kinh doanh, d nhung nam 90 cua the ki trudc Trong nhOng nam gan day, OBCL dupe ap dung vao ITnh vuc GDDH Trong moi ta/dng kinh doanh, OBCL dupc xem la mpt qua trinh, noi ma mot nha san xuat dam bao vcA khach hang la san pham hay djeh vu eua minh ludn dap i ^ g dupc cac chuan rnuc Freeman (1994)cho rang "OBCL lampteach tiep can macdng nghiep san xuatsu'dung nham dat dupe eliat lupng tot n h a ' n i ) ISQ djnh nghia "OBCL la tait cacac hpat dpng cd hoach djnh hay cd he thd'ng can thiet nh^m eung cap sudu tutin ring mot san pham hay mot djeh vu la dap iing duae cae yeu cau ve chait lupng" (2) Theo tac gia Pham Thanh Nghj: "OBCL xay trudc va qua trinh san xuat, dao t^o DBCL tap tnjng phdng ngua suxua't hien nhi?ng san pham chait lupng tha'p Chait lugrng dupc thiet ke theo eae chuan muc va dua vao qua trinh nhSm dam bao san pham dau dat dupe nhirng thupe tinh da djnh tn/dc OBCL la phudng tien tao san pham khong cd sai sot kT thuat loi qua trinh san xuat gay ra, vi the, trach nhiem ve chat lupng dupc giao eho mdi ngudi lam viec qua trinh san xuait, dao tao' (2) Nhu vay, OBCL la qua trinh xay trudc va tfiue hien Chat lupng cua san pham dupc thiet ke qua trinh san xuait no, tu" khau dau den khau cuoi theo nhi/ng tieu ehuan nghiem ngat, dam bao khdng ed sai pham bait ki khau nao OBCL thuc hien ehiic nang quan li (QL) thdng qua cac thu tuc, quy trinh; phdng ngiJra sai sot bang hethong phat 16 Tap chi Gido due so 309 P H A M LE C a O N G * hien vasua Idi.DBCL cdsuphoi hap giua ngudlQL va ngucri thira hanh, giira cap tren va caip dudi Stf can thiet phai DBCL cac trudng/ khoaOHSP 1) Bap ung yeu eau doi mdi ca ban, toan dien GDBHtheo quan diem chi dao: "Odi mdi GDDH phai dam bao tinh thue tiln, hieu qua va dong bp; lua chpn khau dpi pha, linh vue uu tien va eo sd trpng diem de tap tmng nguon lue tao budc chuyen ro ret Vi|c md rpng quy mo phai dl dot vdinang cao chait lupng; thuc hien cdng bing xa hdi di ddi vdi dam bao hieu qua dao tao; phai tien hanh dd'i mc^ tir muc tieu, quy trinh, noi dung d§n phuong p h ^ day va hpe, phuang Vndo danh gia ket qua hpe tap; lien thdng gii/a cac nganh, cac hinh thdc, cac trinh dp dao tao; g i n bd chat cheva tao dpng luc detiep tuc da mdi giao due phd'thdng (GDPT), va giao due nghe nghiep" (3) Yeu cau doi mdi eoban, toan dien GDOH, ddi hoi cae tn/dng/khoa DHSP eung phai khdng ngimg dw mdi, dd cd do'i mdi cong tac OBCL 2) Dap ung yeu cau phat trien nganh supham (SP) va eae hudng SP hi nam 2011 den nam 2020 vdi muc tieu: T h a t trien nganh SP Viet Nam tien tien, hien dai, du nang luc dap ung nhu cau phat trien ddi ngu G V cua he thong giao due mam non, pho'^dng, trung cap chuyen nghiep thai ki 2011 -2020 XSy di^g cacbt/dngOHSP trp cac tnjng tam sang tao va doi mdi cua nganh SP ca nude " (4) Dethue hien mue tieu tren, eae tn/dng/khoa OHSP can day manh edngtacDBCL 3) Nang cao ch^ luong dao tao eua eac trudng/ khoa DHSP Ben canh nhimg tuu ea ban da dat dupe, eae trudng SP "vln mpt sd'yeu kem, b§it cap viec xay dung chien lupc, ke hoach phat trien tn/dng, xay dyng va phat trien dpi ngij giang vien, to' chiie thue hien cac hoat dpng nham OBCL dao tao, nghien cuu khoa hpc, hc^ tae quoc te Gac biet, cac tmdng SP eon chua chu bpng dung miic viee ren luyen li tUdng, pham chat dao due eua s^h vien (SV) va viee dao tao nghiep vy SP; npi dung dao t?o SP chua dap ung yeu cau cua GDPT, giao due mam * Tms tan dan t»o cfe^t \tttfut • Tnrong Dai bpc Viah -(kil-5/2013) non; cham dot mdi phuang phap dao tao va kiem tra danh gia ket qua hpc tap ciia S V; ket qua nghien cuu khoa hpe ^iao dye cdn han che " (4) OekhScphuenhung han che ndi tren, cac tn/OTig/ khoaDHSPcanxaydungmpthethongOBCLdong bp, CO suket hpp ehSt che giua QLCL (quy trinh, co che ) eua chinh eae tn/dng/khoa OHSP vdi danh gia eua cac co quan ben ngoai Mpt so van de cua cdng tac OBCL cac trudmg/khoa OHSP 1) Nguyen tie DBCL eac trudng/khoa DHSP Trang GDOH ndi ehung, cae tn/dnc|/ khoa OHSP ndi rieng, eong tac OBCL can dupc trien khai dua tren cac nguyen tae sau d a y a) Dam bao eho SV tn/dng dap tjng tot nhat yeu cau cua GDPT Nhiem vu cua cac tn/dng/khoa DHSP la dao tao GVed trinh dpOH.OeSVra tn/dng edthedap dng tot nhat yeu cau cua GDPT, eae tn/dng/ khoaOHSP can phai tiep can GDPT,nam vung nhung y6u eau cua G DPT (nang lue, pham chat) ddi vdi san pham ma minh dao tao _ Trong boi canh ddi mdi GDPT hien nay, ngudi GV ck\c6 cac pham ehait va nang luc sau day: - Vepham chat Yeu nghe, g i n bd vdi nghe day hpc; ehap hanh Luat Giao^duc, dieu 1^, quy che, quy djnh cGa nganh; edythi/eto'chu'ckiluatvatinh than trach nhiem; giij'gin pham chat, danh du, uy tin cua nha giao; song tmng thuc lanh manh, la tam guang tot cho hpc sinh (HS); Thuon^ yeu, ton trong, dd'i xi/cdng bing vdi HS, giup HS khac phuc khd khan de hpc tap va ren luyen tot ; • Venang lua Xay dung dupc ke hoach day hpc theo hudng tich hpp day hpc vdi giao due the hien rd mue tieu, npi dung, phuong phap day hpe phii hpp vdi dae thii mdn hpc, dae diem HS va mditn/dng giao dye; pha hpp hpat dpng hpc vdi hoat dpng day theo hudng phat huy tinh tich cue nhan thuc cua HS; Lam ehu kien thuc mdn hpc, dam bao ndi dung day hpe ehinh xac, cd he thong, van dung hpp li cac kien thuc lien mdn ^ e o yeu cau CO ban, hien dai, thyc tiln; Van dung cae phuong phap day hpe theo hudng phat huy tinh tieh cue, ehu ddng va sang tao cua HS, phat trien nang luc tuhpc va tuduy cua HS; Sudung cae phuang tien day hpc lam tang hieu qua day hpe; Xay dyng dupc ke hoach hoat dpng giao dye thehien rd myc tieu, npi dung, phuang phap giao due bao dam tinh kha thi, phii hc^ vdi dae diem HS, phu hpp vdi hoan canh va dieu kien thyc te, the hien kha nSng hpp tae, cdng tac vdi eae lue lupng giao dye va ngoai trudng; Phat hien va giai q u y ^ van de sinh thuc tien hoat dpng nghe nghiep nhIm dap ung nhiing yeu cau mdi tnsng giao dye (5) (ki 1-5/2013)- Tifdd, edngtacDBCL cac tn/dng/khoaOHSP, iTUac het la dam bao dau dap ung yeu eau ciia GDPT b) Mgl vien cae tn/dng/khoa DHSP deu phai quan tam vaed trach nhiem doi vdl cong tac DBCL Chat lupng dao tao eua eac co sd G DD H ndi ehung,cua cac tarcffig/khoaDHSP ndi rieng dupc tao nen tu nhieu yeu to Cae yeu tdnay, tn/c tiep hoae gian tiep, deu lien quan den ehuc nang, nhiem vy cua moi vien nha tn/dng Vi the, cac vien trang nha tn/dng, tdBan giam hieu, lanh dao cae khoa, phong ban, tnjng tam va den tufng giang vien, chuyen vien, nhan vien cua nha trudng deu phaiquan tam va ed trach nhiem doi v(S cdng tae OBCL Cd nhu vay, chat luong giao due cac tn/dng/khoaDHSP moi dupc dam bao Mpi hoat ddng eua nha tn/dng mdi phd'i hpp vdi mpt each nhjp nhang va thong nhat, CLing hudng tdi su dap ling cang tot hon nhu eau eua ngudi hpe c) Cong tac DBCL a eac tn/dng/khoa DHSP phai mang tinh he thong Cdng tae DBCL d eac trudng/ khoa OHSP la mot he thd'ng, bao gom nhieu yeu to, cd moi quan he mat thiet vdi Trong he thd'ng nay, neu chat lupng eua mpt yeu to nao khdng dupc dam bao thi deu anh hudng den chat lupng ehung eua toan hethong Vidu, mot yeu to hethong OBCL eua cac trudng/khoa OHSP la "tfai/rarf" chdng han Nhieu nam gan day, hpc sinh gidi khdng thi vao nganh SP De dam bao ehi tieu tuyen sinh eua eac nganh SP, nhieu trudng da phai lay den tan diem san Vcri dau vao nhu vay, cac tnj'dng/khoa OHSP rat khd 'ggtnerf nhimg GV gidi, sau nam dao tao d) Quyen tt/chugin vdlsuchiu trach nhiem eong tac DBCL dcae tn/dng/khoa DHSP Mpt nhimg doi mdi cua GDDH hien la dd'i mdi veco che QL, dd eac tn/dng DH 6uqc phan cap QL nhieu han, nhdm phat huy tinh chu ddng, sang tao cua cae eo sd GDOH Tuy nhien, eung von viee tang eudng quyen tu chu, ddi hdi cae trudng DH phai tu chiu trach nhiem mpi hoatdpng cua minh,trong ddcdhoaldpngOBCL 2) Chuc nang cua DBCL eac ^ang/ khoa DHSP Cdng tac OBCL cae tn/dng/khoa DHSP cd cac chiic nang sau day: a) Xac lap chuan chat lut/ng DBCL la qua trinh QLCL nham phdng ngija su xuait hien nhiing san pham chat luong thaip Vi vay, xac lap chuan la ehuc nang quan trpng dau tien cua DBCL Cae trudng/ khoa DHSP dua tren sii mang, muc tieu, dieu kten eua dan vi de xay dung eac chuan mac chait luong Tap chi Gido dgc so 309 17 Cae ehuai muc chat lupng khdng chi the hien nhung yeu cau ma cdn the hien nhifrig ki vpng ma nhatn/dngphaiphan dau de dat duae Tuy nhien, xac lap chuai chat lupng can tranh hai xu hudng sau day: 1) Giam eae tieu chi va ehi so chat luong de d l dat dupe chuan chait luong; 2) Tuan thu bp tieu chuan eae ehuyen gia xac lap ma khdng tinh den dieu kien thuc hien eua nha tn/dng b) Xay dtmg eac quy trinh DBCL Trong DBCL, quy trinh ehinh la eae budc thue hien theo trinh tudoi vdi tiJmg ndi dung QL Tren easd cac chuan mue chat lupng da duoc xac lap, cac tn/dng/khoa OHSP can xay dung cac quy trinh DBCL nhu; Quy trinh QLCL dau vao (ngudi hpc, chuong trinh, ngudi d^y); QLCL qua trinh (bd may QL cua cac tn/dng/khoa DHSP, hoat dpng QL, hoat dpng giao due, hoat dpng khai thac vasudungeacnguon luc); QLCL dau (suphat trien cua ngudi hoc, k^i ich xa hpi) Cdng tac DBCL cac tn/dng/khoa OHSP chi thue sudem lai hieu qua xay dung va thuc hien tot cac quy trinh OBCL c) Xac dinh eae tieu ehi danh gia Tieu ehi dupe xem la tinh chat, dau hieu lam can ed de nhan biet, xep loai hoae danh gia mpt su vat, hien tupng, qua trinh nao dd Trong OBCL, eac tieu ehi dupe sudyng de danh gia chait luong dau vao, chait lupng qua trinh va chait luong dau cua eac tn/dngflthoa OHSP Vi the, cae trudng/khoa OHSP can phai xay dtmg cac tiiu chi danh gia cu the, tudng minh, nhlm giup nha tn/dng cd the xac dinh dung d i n , khach quan ket qua d^t dupe eiJa tung y « j to chait lupng, cung nhu quy trinh O B C L d) Van hanh, k/dng, danh gia, thu thap va xuli soligu Trang OBCL, van hanh dupc xem la chirc nang quan trpng nhait, vi eac quy trinh da xay d i ^ g khdng dupc van hanh hoae khdng van hanh dupc thi cdng tac OBCL se khdng dupe thue hien Tren cp sd van hanh cacquy trinh DBCL, cac tn/dng/khpaDHSP can thu thap nhimg so lieu ve chat lupng; tien hanh xu li SP l i ^ deed nhung thdng tin chinh xac, phyc vucho viec danh gia cdng taeOBCLvacdeasaduaranhijng bien phap dieu chinh, hoan thien cac quy trinh DBCL 3)QuatrmhDBCL cae tnrdng/khoa DHSP a) Cacyeu toDBCL cac tn/dng/khoa DHSP bao gom: - QLCL ben tong cae tn/dng/khoa DHSP, bao g a n chait luong eua cac yeu to: dau vao, qua trinh va dau Vi the, QLCL ben cac trudng/ khoa OHSP thuc chait la QLCL cua cac yeu to nay; -Tyrfan/ipaChait luong cua cac tardrig/khoaOHSP chi dupc dam bao mpt each chae ehan nhat bdi cac 18 Tap chi Gido due so 309 hoat ddng cua chinh cae tn/dng/khoa DHSP Co sd quan trpng eho nhi/ng hoatdpng la tu danh gia T u danh gia la mptqua trinh tuhpc tap,tu nghien cuu va tuhoan thien theo cae ehuan muc da ban hanh de nha trucffig hay chuong frinh dao tao dupc cong nh|n dat tieu ehuan kiem dmh Tu danh gia ed uu dimi la ehinh nhi?ng vien cua nha tn/dng tn/c tiep thuc hien Hp la nhimg ngudi hieu rd tn/dng/khoa cua hp han aihet Nhung tu danh giathucffig thieu khach quan va nhimg ngudi khdng ehuyen thuc hien; - Danh giangoai:Danh gia ngoai nhimg chuyen gia tot nhat eiing mot finh vue chuyen mdn tri&i khai thuc hien Qua trinh danh gia ngoai nhlm lam sang td them nhung vain de chua dupc de cap day du bao eao tudanh gia va nhlm tang them tinh gia trj cua tu danh gia b) Qua trinh DBCL eac tn/dng/khoa DHSP thudng dupe b i t dau tu suQLCL ben cua eac tn/dng/khoaOHSP b i n g viec th let keva dua vao thuc hien cac quy trinh, ca che DBCL Sau dd, theo djnh ki, eac tn/dng/khoa OHSP phai danh gia chaii lupng SVtotnghiepvahieu qua cacquy trinh,CO che'DBCL Tiep theo la su danh gia ngoai va kiem nhan chat lupng cua cac tn/dng/khoa DHSP Tom lai, DBCL la phuong thuc QLCL phii hc^ vdi GDOH Viet Nam ndi ehung, eac trudng/khoa OHSP ndi rieng Trien khai cdng tac OBCL mpt each day du, toan dien se giup cac tn/dng/khoa DHSP nang cao chat luong dao tao, dap img yeu cau phattrien nganh SP va eae tn/dng SP, giai doan 2011 -2020 Q (1) DSn theo: Nguyen Quang Giao, "Dam bao chil lugng giao due dEii h p c " T^p chi Dai hpc Dd Ndng, s6 09)12010 (2) Pham Thanh Nghj Quin li chS't luong giiio dijc dai hoc NXB Dai hoc qix6c gia, H 2000, tr 112-113 (i) Nghj quy^l sO' 14/2005/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu v5 D6i m&i ca ban vd lodn diin gido due dgi hoc Vifl Nam giai doan 2006-2020 (4) Chuong trinh phdl triSn ngdnh su phfim vd cdc trudng supham tir ndm 2011 din ndm 2020 ciia Bf GD-DT (5) Chudn nghi nghiep gido viin THCS gido viSn THPT cua Bd GD-DT SUMMARY The article refers to the needs for quality assurance in pedagogical departments/colleges whereby clarifying some basic nuances of the quality assurance in pedagogical departments/colleges such as principles of quality assurance funcUons of quality assurance, and process of quality assurance -(kil-5/2013) ... tn/dng /khoa OHSP vdi danh gia eua cac co quan ben ngoai Mpt so van de cua cdng tac OBCL cac trudmg /khoa OHSP 1) Nguyen tie DBCL eac trudng /khoa DHSP Trang GDOH ndi ehung, cae tn/dnc|/ khoa OHSP... tnrdng /khoa DHSP a) Cacyeu toDBCL cac tn/dng /khoa DHSP bao gom: - QLCL ben tong cae tn/dng /khoa DHSP, bao g a n chait luong eua cac yeu to: dau vao, qua trinh va dau Vi the, QLCL ben cac trudng/ khoa. .. DH phai tu chiu trach nhiem mpi hoatdpng cua minh ,trong ddcdhoaldpngOBCL 2) Chuc nang cua DBCL eac ^ang/ khoa DHSP Cdng tac OBCL cae tn/dng /khoa DHSP cd cac chiic nang sau day: a) Xac lap chuan