ul UUtM ClAO BIjC BAY H^C XAY DITNG VAN HOA HOC DlTdNG GAN VOl HINH THANH HE T H O N G GIA TRI VA NIEM TIN 1 Van hda hoc dudng {VHHD) nhung van de datra De''''n nay, VHHOdakhong edn lampt thuat ngi/xa la[.]
ul UUtM ClAO BIjC BAY H^C XAY DITNG VAN HOA HOC DlTdNG GAN VOl HINH THANH HE THONG GIA TRI VA NIEM TIN ThS N G U Y E N THANH T R U N G ' 1.Van hda hoc dudng {VHHD)-nhung van de datra De'n nay, VHHOdakhong edn lampt thuat ngi/xa la Caccdng trinh nghien Cliu, hpi thao eiJng nhunhiing bai viel Iren eac phuong lien thdng tin dai ehiing gan day da lao nen bii'e tranh nhieu mang ve ndi dung Ve mat hpc thuat, VHHD dugc tnjy de'n nguon gd'c tli cac hpc gia nude ngoai (E.B.Tylor) lin nude(Pham Minh Hac), tiiphamvi nhatn/dng den xa hdi,Idea nhan de'n lap the Ve Ihue 16', dudng nhu day dang la mdt de tai "ndng" Ihu hiil su quan tam cua nhieu ngucri, nhieu gicri; nhin ehung khuynh hudng canh bao lieu cue dang chiem uu the than thien, hieu qua, phii hpp vdi dieu kien cua dja phuong va dap iing nhu cau cua xa hpr (2) Tuy vay, thdi gian gan day, du luan xa hdi lien tue ghi nhan nhung thue trang phi van hda nhuxam pham linh dye Ire em, bao luc hgc dudng, day them tieu cue; eudc song be Iha, xtic pham hanh Ihay CO giao hgc dudng Ngudi lac quan cho ring day chiia mdt bp phan • "nhung sau lam rau noi canh", ngudi bi quan thi gidng len hoi chudng canh bao linh Irang xudng cap dao dtic tardng iipc Nhieu nguyen nhan va glai phap dugc neu da bit dau phat huy hieu qua tren nhieu cap dp nhat dinh Thenhung, VHHD khdng phai la mdt diem ket ma la mpt qua trinh da va Theo nghia rpng nhat VH HO la suket linh cac gia dang ggi cho ehiing ta nhieu suy nghT tri tich cue sinh Irong qua trinh day va hpc d mdi /^ Viec suy giam VHHO dugc quy cho thie'u thd'n tn/dng giao di/c, bao ham tat cacac md'i quan he tuong veco sdvat chat Khdng the phu nhan CO sdvat chat hd ben Irong va ben ngoai giua cac chu the: hpc sinh la dieu kien can thiet de xay dung mdl nen VHHD (HS),giapvien(GV)cung nhumdi tn/dng Mpt each cu viing manh, nhung cung khdng cd nghla la khdng the, "VHHD baogom hethong gii trj, bieu tugng, ni&n the dat mpt nen VHHD neu thieu thd'n co sdvat chat tin va cac gii tri ehung gida phu huynh, HS, GVva Thdi xa xua, Khong Td vdl may tram hpc Ird lang nhung thinh pha'n khac tao thinh mqt nhom mgt cong thang cac nudc,Dtic Thieh Ca Mau Nicung nhu Jesus ddng VHHD chiphdi tinh gia tri cung nhu cich thuc Christ deu giang day hang ngan hpc trd ning, vien can phai suy nghl cam nhan vacuxu Ngoai tren mil; nhung nam 1980, nudeta hoan canh d^n cua khai niem niybaogdm tic phong vi tnjyen khd khan nhung nen giao due vol phong trao "day lot thaig tn/dng kJp, gia tri lich su, heu chuin dao dit, quy hpc Id'r Ho Chti tich phat ddng van hoan tic thdiquen thinh vin haybatihinh vin, heg^a tri va xuat s i c nhiem vu dao tao nhan tai cho dat nudc M?n nghiem ehung VHHBcang duoc thong hieu, tuin 2) Mdi tn/dng giao diic cung dugc can nhac thuOiinha tn/dng cing didang hoa hgp cac phia co thuc trang dai cho VHHD Dieu kien hpc lap khd iien quan hudng deh nhung chftieu va dat duqc cic gia khan doi vol sinh vien (SV) ngoai tai, tac dpng xa hdi trf phin dill.'(^) lieu cue anh hudng khdng nho dfe'n qua trinh dao tao VH HO la suhda hgp cae gia tri taiyen thd'ng va hien dai Tuy raddichua lau nhung thuatngt/nay lai bit gap truyen thd'ng lot dep ct/a dan tdc ta Ton sutrqng dao, kinh ^ay yeu ban, nhat ti/visuban tuvisu, da va dang tao nen nguon stic manh gitip nen giao due Viet Nam datnhieu qua dang ghi nhan Hpc dudng v l n la ngdi den thieng ctitia dung hon dan tde Phat huythanhquadd,n5m 2008, BpGD-DTda phat dpng phong trao "Xay dung tardng hgc than thien, hoc sinh tich ciJC", nhim "xay dung mdi In/dng giao due an loan, mpt ngudi "vtia hong viia ehuyen"^ Day van la nguyen nhan khach quan, cd nghTa la van phai che^ nhan nhu mplgiai doan phattrien ta't yeu cua xa ma giao due cung nam pham vi TUdng lai cho p h ^ chiing tahivongmptmoitn/dngglao due ehuyen nghiep va hoan thien hon nhung chua han hiia hen mdt nen VHHD chuan muc hon.Day la bai hpc edducc tti nhung song chieu giao due phUdng Tay ' Khoa Ngn'vanJnriiiRBDai hoc sirpham TP Ho Chi Minh Tap chi Gido due so 305 21 (ki 1-3/2013)- 3) He thd'ng van hda ung xt/, van hda giao tiep nhim Ihiet lap laj moi tn/dng supham vdi sau die trung la trat tu kicuang tmng thue, khich quan, cong bing, tinh thucmg va khuyen khich sing tao, hieu qua' dang dugc khuyen khieh nhung van khdng khdi ggi ban khoan Cac tieu chi hudng den G V, cdn vai trd ciia HS -thanh phan uu thevevaitrdva sdluong ti'ong cac cosddaotao-laicdphanmdnhat Veco ban Ihiet nghT, bat kl hoc vien lii cap lieu hpc den dai hgc, nhi/ng hoan canh phti hgp, deu edlhexac dmh hanh vi nao laphiihpp vdi VHHO Van de la khoang each hisuy nghi den hanh ddng Od mdi la dieu chiing la e ^ tap tmng quatrinh xaydung VHHO nhuvancdnlamdtkhauyeu Nhung tiet hoc giao due dao diicdnhata/dng qua han che vendi dung lin^cS lugngj ben e^nh do, ap luc hgc tap Idn khien ea thay va trdehi cdthe tap vao kien thiic ma khdng phai la d^o dlic Nhuvay, ngidung giao dye can g i n vdi nhu eau,thai dd, thyc leva tao dugc tinh cam noi hpc vien, dieu ddi hdi sudau tu ed he thdng va lau dai Mdi ta/dng giao due hien dai viia thuan lgi viJa mang tinh thti thach, Gia dinh va xa hdi the hien st/ quan tam sau s i c den edng tac dao tao cua nha la/dng; vay, cd subien doi ve khung gia tri, ma dti cho chl la thieu sd, da the hien tae dung nguoe den VHHD Md'i quan he G V va HS dan thay doi cd tac dpng Theo chiing tdi, VHHO the hien dba cap nhu sau: Idp thti nhait - be mat the hien bang he thd'ng khdng nhd de'n viee xay dung VHHO Tu giao ngdn ngii va hanh vi d la/dng hgc; ldp thti hai - la dye hien dai laiy ngudi hpc lam trung tam, G V la ngudi nhiing phong luc, ndi quy (nhudong phyc) va Idp thti hudng dan, tat ye'u phai xda di khoang each su-d6 ba n i m d tang sau nhat - he thd'ng gia tri, niem tin d truyen thdng Ihay vao dd la quan he Ihay trd cd phan hgc dudng ndi ehung va co cau lam li HS ndi binh dang Ljch sii tu tudng dan chiJ phuong Dong rieng Hethd'ng dinh hudng gia tri va niem tin, !I tudng ngin ngui chua dii tao mdt nen mdng vung chic ve ed le la khau quan Irong nhat nhim xay dung VHHO nhan thiic cho kieu quan he mdi la nguyen nhSn hoan canh hien dai sau xa gdp phan dan de'n nhung ting xiiphi van hoa 2.LechphahegiatrilamdtthuctecansuynghT tti ca hai pfiia thay - Ird Tu tu6np tmyen thd'ng lai Hp thd'ng gia tri va niem tin la ye'u to ndi sinh cdvai dugc de cao nhdng linh huong lao nhi/ng Ird quan trgng hoan eanh dieu kien vat ning ddng xa hpi thuc su den ndi nhieu phuong tien chat cdn nhieu khd khan; vi the tinh tuong hgp va hieu thdng tin ket luan day la susuy syp dao diic Nhieu qua cua gdc nhin dd'i vcri m uc lieu xay dyng VH HD tn/dng hgp lieu cue hpc dudng duoc coy nhan manh tao mdt tam li hoai nghi va hoang mang cac se cd phan gap gui hon Cdthendirang, thuc trang bao ddng ciia nen VHHD tang ldp xa hdi, ma nguyen nam y thu hut nam dsuxung dot niem tin va he gia tn ddi sdng suehii y cdng chiing ctia cac don vi tnjyen thdng xa hdl hien dai Khung gia tri tnjyen thd'ng giao dye Cd the thay ring, hoan eanh hien dai ddi hoi mpt VietNam v i n la cua Khd'ng san Trinh; Iht^ dai he thd'ng nhin nhan va danh gia mdi md'i quan he mdi, chiing ta dang liep thu tu giao due hien dai nang tinh tnjyen thd'ng: thay - trd Suphattrien xa hpi phuong Tay: lay ngudihoc lam tnjng tam Suva cham khdng luong iing la mpt khd khan cho nen giao due giua hai truyen thdng ti/ tat yeu dan den xung dot hien tai khuynh hudng tajyen thd'ng lai phoi bay ro Tti nhan thtic ngudi thay li tatca chuyin dd'i sang hon linh cd van de cua thuc le Oien hinh, chiing ta ngudi hoc a tmng tim de dan den mgt cue doan la can danh gia nhu the nao dd'i vdi linh hinh mpt GV phti nhan sach Iron qua khii; cang nguy hiem hon mdi SV ctia minh vao he thd'ng ban hang qua mang HS v l n chua dugc chuan bi du ve tu tudng lan kha hay viec su dyng cac mang xa hdi (facebook) gii/a nang de n i m b i t vai trd tajng lam Irong hoat dpng GV va SV Trong ehua xac djnh dugc he thong day hpc Giai phap da rd: nen giao due phai viia hien gia trj iing xu phti hgp vdi hoan canh mdi thi dai da so dai vtia bao luu duoc eac gia tn taiyen thd'ng Tinh SV se ed lam li tranii tiep xtic vdi GV, dieu dae biel hien dai the hien dmdi la/dng giao dye va he phuong phd'biengmdita/cmg giao dye dai hpe Thucte lai phap tinh taiyen thd'ng d tu luong dao diic; bd'i rdi xay gdp them mot tieng thddai eho VHHD vdi hien tucfng tinh lu h/dng ctia gia trj hien dai va linh hien thuc 1am lo" G V Them vao dd, dai bd phan SV eho rang ctia gia tri tajyen thong chua dugc hieu rd gitip dd, gan gui GV se bj danh gia la cd dung tam Ve ndi dung gtao dye, hge dudng la noi HS tiep nhan nhung gia tri van minh van hda Thanh tuu van minh the hien o kien thiie, kl nang kT xao - vd'n de tnjyen dat - nhung van hda can phai tich luy chuyen hda thaidd tinh cam, niem tin va li tuong dudng 22 Tap chi Gido due so 305 Su du nhap Id'i sd'ng phuong Tay ben canh nhung uu diem van thehien nhdng dieu quan ngai Kieu suy nghT thi/e dung, vat chat hda cac md'i quan he, tap tmng qua miic vao cai tdi ca nhan lam sinh nhOng linh hud'ng ma lich siigiao due Viet Nam chua -(kil-3/2013) he dugc chCmg kien nhu chi trich thai qua tham chj hanh hijng GV Od la he qua eiia viec thieu mdl nen lang niem tin dao diic va ban ITnh hien dai Hinh ttianh he gia tri va niem tin la khau ed't ye'u xay dt/ng VHHB Ti/nhung phan tich tren, ehung tdi nhan thay nhiem vu quan tronp tn/dc mat can lam cdng cudc xay dung mdt nen VHHD la tap taing vao hinh he thong gialrivaniem tin hgc dudng Quatrinh phai dugc nghien ciiu thiet ke [Dhii hgp lam li liia tua Oac diem tam li Ida tud'i lieu hgc la dam tinh cam giac va md phong, ndi dung giao dye can phai dugc taiyen tai nhe nhang, sinh ddng, tare quan Thay cd va phy huynh phai trdthanh tam guong dao due de cac em "md phdng" nhim dan hinh thdiquen cuxii Mdi ddng thai cua cac em can phai dugc quan lam va danh gia rd rang ve he gia In dting sai, tiiddedhinh thtic thudng phat phan minh Can luu y la liia tud'i tieu hpc da cd nhiing dau hieu phal trien rat sdm ve thai dp va suy nghT, npi dung giao dye khdng the bd h ^ nhiing bai hpc dao diic true tiep, khd eiing ma phai duge nang lam, mang hoi thdeua thdi dai Ltia tud'i Ihdng chu ye'u hanh ddng kieu tare giac, cd khuynh hudng khing dinh ban than; VHHD taiyen thd'ng d i trd dd'i tuc^g biphan img Ndi dung giao dye can duge mdrdng phii hpp suquan tam va so thich liia tud'i Mdi tn/dng gia dinh va xa hdi dugc nhdm md phong td'i da, ddi hdi su y thtic trao dd'i giua nha tn/cng va gia dinh mdt each nghiem ttie Oay la giai doan hinh nhan each quan Irpng ctia hge sinh tn/dc nhiJng mam mdng, nguy cd phan nhanh phuctap VHHO can nhan manh sudinh hudng vabao dungdehinh mptcosdniem tin dao dlic Nana tinh suy nghTva phan doan la dae diem tam li Ilia tudi nien d bae dai hpc VHHO phai dugc dan cai nhieu mat npi dung giao due da dang, md rdng de'n ea ddi song xa hdi Glai doan phai hinh eho SV mpt he gia tri va niem tin phti htjp de budc dau phan tich va phan doan eac van de xa hdi va hgc thuat Thang dp van hda xa hdi can phai cd mdtdprdng thieh hop dedung chiia cacgia tri thdt dai n h i m hinh mdt nhan each loan dien Trong glai doan nay, nha tn/dng ed vai trd quan trpng nhu mdt dau md'i to chiic chu dao, phd'i hgp td'chuc doan the nhu Ooan Thanh nien, Hdi SV, chinh quyen, gia dinh viec hinh mdt tuduy van hda o S V Ta/dc het, cac ta/dng can xay dung khung quy djnh VHHO rieng eho cdsgdao tao (thuc te mdl so don vj da hinh nhu: Oai hpc Phu Yen Hgc vien Ngan hang ) Od la he gii iri lam chuan muc de mqi thinh vien dong thuin liy lam muc tieu phin dau thude thinh quaeua ban than, cua kJp, cua tn/dng, die biet ve mat dao dikxi hqi, gia tri nhan each-dieu ma chdng ta gqi la "day ngudr ben canh 'day ehi/, day nghe°{3) Giang vien can y tht/c ddi lugng dao lao cd tu "phan tu" ddi sanh di^ sd'ng hgc thuat va xa hdl ctia ca nhan va edng dong Thue te ddi hoi sukheo leo vatinh te'ciia ngudi thay de hudng d i n va chia se vdi hge vien nham tap taing "bdidudng cic gia tn van hda nien, HS S V, die bietli li tudng song, nang luc tri tue dao due va ban finh van beacon ngudi VietNam" nhu Nghi quyetOai hdl lan thiiX eiia Oang da dera Men VHHO hien dai yeu cau ca ngudihoc lin ngudi day nhung dieu kien nha't dinh Hoc vien can edmpt he thd'ng mem tin vung vang de dinh hudng gia tri phu hgp; GV can ban linh chuyen vai trd chi dao hudng dan de hoan mye lieu GD-DT nhung ngudi hoan thien cho xa hpi vd^ su hda hc^ ciia nhiing gia trj tmyen thd'ng va hien dai Nhiem vy khd khan la mpt cupc hanh trinh ma bude dau tien chinh la each nhin nh^n va xac dinh vain de - ay la niem tin VHHO • (1) Jane Turner - Carolyn Crang "Exploring scliooi culture" Centre for Leadership in Learning, 1995 (2) BO GD-DT, Chl thj s6' 40/2008/CT-BGDDT v^ viec phSl dflng phong trbo thi dua "XSy dung truong hoc than thien, hoc smh lich circ" c^c iruong phfl thOng giai doan 2008-2013 O) Pham Mmh Hac "Xay du-ng van hoa hgc duong phai 1^ mfi'i qitan l^m ciJa mgi nha truong" htlp://ww>w.luyengiao.vn/Home/MagazineStory aspx?mid=39&m2id=283&lD=785 Tdi lieu tham khao t NguySn Khde Hung Van hoa va vSn hoa hoc duang NXB Thanh niin, H 2011 Nguyen Khiic Hung - Dao Hoang Nam Xay dung vSn hoa ihig xu hpc d u o n g , truong hpc than thien, hpc sinh tich cue NXB Dai hpc suphgm TP Ho Chi Minh, 2010 SUMMARY This article tends to focus on the process ofes^ tablishing the school culture in Vietnam educaUon state School culture has been researched and discussed for a period: some reasons, the fact and soluUons have been proposed that leads to satisfactory results Because of its important role, this Issue contmues to get much attenUon The lack of belief and moral value may have been the origin of these days' complex reality of school culture On this base, some Ideas are offered to work as motivations to the purpose of establishing a fit school culture from the views of both teacher and student Tap chi Gido due so 305 | 23 (kil-3/2013)- ... nhu eau,thai dd, thyc leva tao dugc tinh cam noi hpc vien, dieu ddi hdi sudau tu ed he thdng va lau dai Mdi ta/dng giao due hien dai viia thuan lgi viJa mang tinh thti thach, Gia dinh va xa hdi... xa gdp phan dan de''n nhung ting xiiphi van hoa 2.LechphahegiatrilamdtthuctecansuynghT tti ca hai pfiia thay - Ird Tu tu6np tmyen thd''ng lai Hp thd''ng gia tri va niem tin la ye''u to ndi sinh cdvai... ning ddng xa hpi thuc su den ndi nhieu phuong tien chat cdn nhieu khd khan; vi the tinh tuong hgp va hieu thdng tin ket luan day la susuy syp dao diic Nhieu qua cua gdc nhin dd''i vcri m uc lieu