MOI SD VAN OE VE OAY OOC TJGO HOP TOONG OAO TAO NGOE I t iS H O N G O C V INH '''' Da CO nhieu nghien euu ve day hgc tich hgp (DHTH), su pham tieh hop (SPTH) song chu yeu iadgiao due pho thong Doi vcii l[.]
MOI SD VAN OE VE OAY OOC TJGO HOP TOONG OAO TAO NGOE ItiS H O N G O C V I N H ' D a CO nhieu nghien euu ve day hgc tich hgp (DHTH), su pham tieh hop (SPTH) song chu yeu iadgiao due thong Doi vcii linh vi/c giao due nghe nghiep, nhung nghien cuu ve vain de it Bai viet de cap tt!ri ban chat, tinh tich /)Op(TTH)cuachuongtrinhDTN,DHTHvacaebien pliap thuc hien DHTH OTN Khai niem tich hop va day hpc tich ligp /^Kfta/n/em re'7/c/iAop" Trong giao due, mpt each khai quat nhat, tich hop (TH) dupc hieu la: su tich luy, suhop nhat, sunhat the hoa ket tao doi tucfng mdi, Co eac kieu chuong trinh TH sau: - TH da mon (Multidisciplinary Integration): Cach ti&'p can tap trung tn/de het vao eae mon hpe Cae mon lien quan vcfl co ehung mpt dinh hudng ve npi dung va PPDH nhung moi mon lai co mpt chuong trinh rieng TH da mon duqc thue hien theo each to ehiJre eac chuan tir cae mdn hpe xoay quanh mpt ehu de, detai, duan, tao dieu kien eho ngudi hpe van dung tong hop nhung kien thue cua cac mon hpc eo lien quan Trong TH da mon lai eo cae kieu TH npi bp mdn hpc, TH kieu long ghep - THIien mdn (InteKliclplinary Integration): Iheo each tiep can nay, giao vien (GV) to ehu'c chuong tnnh hpc tap xoay quanh cac npi dung hpc tap ehung: cae ehu de, khai niem, cae khai niem va ki nang lien nganh/mdn Hp ket nd'i eae ndi dung hpe tap ehung nam eac mdn hpe de nhan manh cac khai niem va kTnSng lien mdn TH lien mdn cdn duoe hieu nhu la phuong an d6 nhieu mdn hpc lien quan duoc ketlaithanhmptmdn hpe mdivdi mpt hethong nhung ehu de nhat djnh xuyen suot qua nhieu cap Idp - TH xuyen mon (Transdiciplinary Integration): Trong each tiep can nay, GV td ehuc chuong trinh hpc tap xoay quanh cac van de va quan tam den ngudi hoc H S ed dieu kien phat trien kTnang sd'ng hpap dyng eac kTnang mdn hpe va lien mon vao thue te eua cupc song Hai dudng dan den TH xuyen mdn: hpc tap theo du an (project-based learning} va thuong lutJng chuong trinh hpc (negotiating the curriculum) 2) Khai niem veday hgc tich hgp Theo dinh nghTa eua NCREL: DHTH hay DH theo chu de 30 Tap chi Gido due so 310 (thematK instnjction) la each tiep can lien nganh, theo dd eae npidung giang day duoe trinh bay theo cac de tai hoae chu de, Moi de tai hoae chu de dupe trinh bay nhieu bai hoc nho de ngucri hpc cd thdi gian hieu ro vaphat trien cae md'i lien he vdi nhimg gihp da bietva tran trpng DHTH cae khoa hpc ducic UNESCO djnh nghia la mpt each trinh bay cac khai niem va eac nguygn 11 khoa hpc, tranh qua nhan manh hoae quascfm susai khae giiia eac linh vi/e khoa hpc khac Theo X Roegiers: SPTH la mot quan niem ve qua trinh hpc tap, dd toan bp qua trinh hpc tap gdp phan hinh d HS nhirng nang luc (NL) cy the, cddutinh tnidc nhung dieu kien can thiet eho HS nham phuc vu cho cae qua trinii hpc tap sau hoae giiip HS hda nhap vao cupc song lao ddng Cung theo hudng T H , g i n hpe va hanh, X Roegiers eho r^ng giao due nha trudng phai chuy&'n tddon thuan day kien thuc sang phattrien d HS cae NL hanh dpng, xem N L la khai niem co sd cua khoa S PTH Ngoai eae hoat dpng rieng le can cd hoat dpng TH sudung phoi hop kien thue, kTnang, thao tac da linh hpi m pt each rdi rac vao giai quyet van de Mdt so ehu y cae khai mem tren la each nhin tong the v l eau tnJc lien nganh eua ndi dung BT de cau tnJc ehufflig trinh, mue tieuOTptiaihudng tdi lahinh eac NLTH cho ngudi hpc Tinh TH cua c h u o n g trinh dao tao nghe Mue tieu cua DTN la hinh NLTH va phat trien toan dien nhan each ngucri hpe NLTH duoc to hop boi cac NL phan: NL ehuyen mon, NL phuong phap va N L xa hdi eung vdi cae yeu to tu chat cua ea nhan NLTH la kha nang thuc hien duoc cac hoatdpng (nhiem vu, cdng viee) nghe theo tieu chuan dat dcS vdi tirng nhiem vu, cdng viec dd Cach tiep can ve muc tieu DTN tren day la quan diem ehi dao xay dung chuong trinh theo phuong phap phan tieh nghe va module hoa ndi dung cija chuongtrinh Trong chuong trinh khung OTN mdi ban hanh, ngoai cae module NLTH (ki hieu la MD), edn cd cac * TraoigSai kfc st plun ki tfaudt Hutig Vin -(ki2-5/2013) mdn hpc (kihipulaMH), gom cac mon hpc Chung, cac mdn hoc coban.cosdnganh.Caemdn hpe giup ngudi hpc cd eac tri thuc, kTnang nen tang eho viec hpc tapcacmodule NLTH.CaemoduleNLTH gom ed cae module bi\ bu6e va cae module tuchpn M6i module NLTH gom ed eae bai giang li thuyet, thuc hanh va bai k^ hop day li thuyet vdi hudng d i n thue hanh, Theo do, module NLTH la mdt don vj hpc tap, ngudi hpc can linh hdi, tuong ung vdi mot hoatdong, mpt cdng vi?c xac dinh cua mpt nghe Trong dd bao gorn cae kien thue li thuyet, kTnang thuc hanh va cae pham chat d?o ddc cong viee c^n phai cd Chuong trinh DTN hien duqc eau tnic bdi eac mdn hpc vacae module NL Theo chuong trinh nay, khci kien thuc cac mon ehung, cac mdn kTthuat cdmdt phan cua chuong trinh DT theo module vadupc module hda eae hoc phan chuong trinh DT dupe the hien theo lat ck ngang Theo lat eat dpc, phan li thuyet ehuyen mdn va thuc hanh nghedupcTH cae ""'"" "*'*"" "'•''"i Madm MKIB module NL Oieu tat yeu dan den vi^c to ehuc dayEtiuy^ket h^ hudng d i n thgt: hanh thuc hi$n cac bai giang thuc han {xem hinh) Vaitro cua TTH eae chuong trinh DT la giam tai, rut gpn tai lipu, tiet kiem thdi gian hpe tap, tao thuan k;ii cho viee hpc, dam bao de hoat ddng hpe ed chat lupng hon 03e diem co ban cua cac chuong trinh DTN hien the hien d s u T H cac mien myc tieu kien thuc, kT nSng, thai dp TH npi dung cac mdn hpc, TH giiJa li thuyet vdi thyc hanh cau tnic npi dung chuong trinhDTthanh cac mdn hpc ehung, cac module NLTH, mdi module tuong dng vdi mpt cong viec cy the cua nghe, co thenhung khdng nhat thiet nhung cdng viec phai trdthanh mdt duan hpc tap TH npi dung DTN la su ket hpp mdt each hDu CO, cd h^ thd'ng cac kien thdc li thuyet can thiet liSn quan (mon ehung, c o s d nganh, li thuyet chuyen mdn) va kT nSng thuc hanh nghe tuong ung mdt ndi dung kTnSng nhS'tdjnh, nh4m dem den eho ngudi hpc cac NLTH eong viec, nhiem vy eu the Nhd tinh TH ma cac don vj kien thdc, cac module NL chuong trinh DTN c d e d kha nang lien thdng (ki 2-5/2013)- ngang dpc de tao cac module trinh dp, thuan fcri xay dung chuong trinh, to ehue DT Nhuvay.eo the ket luan:Chuong trinh khungDTN moi ban hanh gom ed eac mon hpc, eae module NLTH CO TTH cao, khac phyc nhung han che cua chuong trinh OTN kieu eau tnjc theo eac mon hpe va chuong trinh DTN cau tnic bdi module kl nang hanh nghe; dam bao s u g i n ket giua li luan va thue tiin, gii/a hpc vdi hanh, kha dT dap ung mue tieu nang eao chait lupng OTN dap ung yeu eau xa hpi ve chat Iuqng cua nguon nhan luc dupcOT Day hpc TH dao tao nghe Co the noi, DHTH trongOTN I^DH dmh hudng vao muc tieu hinh NLTH eho ngudi hoc, dam bao su van dyng kien thuc, kT nang va kinh nghiem can thi^ cae hoatdpng tong hop degiai quyet eac nhiem vu hpe tap (cdng viee) mang tinh duan Trong OTN cd cae muc dp eua DHTH nhusau: -TH theo module,tien day cdtheday-hpc toan bd li thuyet tnj'de, tiep sau la thue hanh; - TH theo bai, li thuyet day - hpe tn/de, thuc hanh day sau hpc xong toan bp li thuyet eua bai; - TH theo tung budc cdng viec, kien thdc va kT nang thuc hanh dupe DHTH tdng budc cdng viec Chu y rSng, quan diem SPTH khdng nhi?ng cd the van dung dd'i vdi cac baiTH eac module NL ma cdn cd the the hien tron^ cac bai li thuyet va bai thuc hanh ndi rieng, Caeh hieu tranh dupe suhan ehe nhan thdc cua mdt sdgiao vien ve SPTH Day-hpe eac module NLTH doi hdi phai TH duoe li ttiuyet va thuc hanh qua trinh td'chdc DH, TH duoc cac mien myc tieu, npidung hpc tap Cae bai thuc hanh theo phuong thuc tmyen thong trudc day phan li thuyet ehuyen mon duge thue hien nhumptbai day lithuyetrieng tach biet kehoach DT/kehoaehDH, Phuong thuc naydan tdi han chela: phan li thuyet chuyen mdn thieu sug^n ket lien he vdi bai thuc hanh, khdkhan thehien nguyen li thong nhat gida li thuyet vdi thuc hanh va tinh chat TH cua ndi dung OT vdn la mdt doi hoi cua OTN de nang cao chait luong day va hpc The hien quan diem SPTH OTN tranh dupc han che Nhu vay cd the tha'y, DHTH DTN la qua tnnh supham dam bao stf liin ket ngi dung gida cac mdnhgc/module.stJganketglOaDHIi^uyetchuyen mdn dng dung (bai day li thuyit) vdi hudng dan thuc hanh ctja GVva luygn tap cua HS nham hinh NL hoat dong nghe nhat dinh, nhiem vuhgctaptrin easd giai quyet cac duan Mat khac, suhinh NLTH can ban phai dua tren cac hoat dpng hpc tap eua ngudi hpc degiai quyet Tap chi Gido due so 310 31 nhiem vu hpc tap (conqviee) nen quatrinh DH duqc thue hien theo quan diem DH djnh hudng NLTH, lay ngucri hpc lam bung tam, dd van dyng cac PPD H phue hop la ehij yeu Khong phai bai giang nao cae module cung duoc soan theo m i u giao an TH Thieh hop la eac bai giang thuc hanh dd cae hoat dpng hpc tap li thuyet, thuc hanh g ^ lien vdi giai quyet nhiem vu (cdng v i ^ ) nao dd ma ket qua la tao mpt san pham hay mdt djeh vu Nhu vay, nghien cdu chuong trinh DTN, eac khoa, bp mon phai thdng nhait viee lap ke hoach thue hien cac bai giang, nhung bai giang nao thuc hien theo phuong thdc thong thudng; bai nao thuc hien ttieo phuong thuc TH Ke hoach dupe thdng qua dong thdi la van ban dieu chinh hoat dpng day thuc hanh cua cac GV, ddng thdi la can edde Itiem tra, mat khae giup nha tnidng xae dinh s d gid giang day cuaGV Cau tnic eua giao an TH duoc xay dung tren eo sd eau tnJc DH djnh hudng NLTH, caiu true giai quyet vain de Cae PPDH phii hop vdi bai giang TH la kieu phuong phap phiic hpp nhu; phuong phap tinh hudng, phuong phap lam viec bSng duan, phuong phap bon giai doan, phuong phap sudung phieu hudng dan Mot so de xuat NhUdaphan tich, vSn dung quan diem DHTH DTN la mdt ddi hdi khach quan xuat phat td cau tnjcchuongtrinh, mue tieu DTN va suphat trien toan dien cua ngudi hpc, nguyen \ic caiu tnic eua cac khoa hpc, ddng thdi la quy luat cua linh hpi va hinh NL eung nhu eac pham chat eua nhan each.Dethuc hien DHTH OTN, theo chiing toi, can chu y mot so diem sau: - Khau lap ke hoach DH eae mon hoc ehung va cac module NLTH can dam bao md'i lien he giua ehung theo so duge m6 ta chuong U-inh OT; -Tien hanh nghien cdu so phan tich nghe de thay dugc n h i ^ g kien thuc, kTnang va cac pham chatngudi hoc can code phoi hgp giaiquyet nhiem vu hpc tap, xac djnh chuan NL tuong dng vdi cong viec, yeu eau d mdi budc cdng viee de xay dung eae phuong an va phuong tien kiem tra danh gia; - Viec hinh NLTH ddi hdi eae dieu kien phyc vy eho viec len Idp li thuyet va hudng d i n thuc hanh nhu phuong phap nhu hpc tap thee nhdm, hpc tap theo hinh thde ca nhan, DH bSnq sudung phieu hudng d i n va DH b^ng duan So lan luyen tap phai du de ngudi hgc hoan thien t i ; tin cac tinh hudng thue; - Oa dang hda eac kenh thdng tin, dae biet la su dyng da phuang tien trang truyen thdng DH; - Ap dung cac PPDH nhu: DH neu va giai quyet van de, DH b i n g tinh hud'ng 32 Tap chi Gido due so 310 dien hinh, DH b i n g d u a n v a hgc tap theo nhdm ; - Cau tnic bai gtang can ed su linh hoat va hai hoa, xen ke vc^ eac tinh hudng nhan thdc mdi la cac tinh hudng eung co, van dyng denang eao su chii y tich cue va hinh NLTH eho HS; - Van dung quan diem DH djnh hudng NLTH xay dung caiu true eac budc len lap va hoat dpng phuong phap Toehue DHTH ddi G V phai n l m dugc ban chit eua DHTH/SPTH, nhdng ddi hdi bit bupe phai DHTH trongOTNvaeacbienphapthuc hien.GV phai cdhieu biet can ban ve chuong trinh khung DTN, cae PPDH djnh hudng NLTH; phat trien eae n^uon hpe lieu theo chuong trinh khung va each thiic kiem tra danh gia cac NLTH Do dd, can decap tdi vain de tnjng chuong trinh supham nghe, phan k>ai, tdchiic tap hucin GVve ehuyen mdn va nghiep vy su pham de dam bao cho hp vda ed kha nang day li thuyet, vita cd kha nang hudng d i n thuc hanh, thuc hien cac bai giang theo phucmg thuc TH M§t khac tien tdi xay dung cac bptai lieu, phuong tipn dd ed ea cae bp cong cy kiem tra danh gia module NLTH, ehuyen giao eho cac co sd DTN Tao eo sd thdng nhat de thue hi?n DT va quan ll chat lugng DT theo chuong trinh khung.Q TA\ Ij^u tliam khtlo BO Lao dpng - Thuang binh & Xa hOi v& Tdng cgc Day nghS Chinmg trinh t$p huS'n gido vifin day nghi vi chuong trinh khung ddo tao ngh£ H 2008 NguySn Due Trf v^ t$p th^ t^c gia Gido due hpc nghtl nghiep Trudng Cao ddng suphgm ki ihu^t Hung Yin - Viin Nghiin ciiu phdt triSn gido d\ic, H 1997 Dinh COng Thuytfn - H6 Ngpc Vinh - Ph?m Van Nin Hinhig dSn chujn bj vd gidng day theo module T6ng cue dgy nghi, H 2008 Guenter Paetzol Phuvng phdp day hpc d&o tao ngh£ NXB £er/in, 2001 Nguygn Due Tri Tilp cdn dao tao ngh$ dffA tr£n ndng luc thuc hi^n yk vi^c xdy dung ti£u chu Jn nghl Viin nghiin cuu phdt triSn gido di/ic, H 1996 SUMMARY The paper have presented: integration, integrative teaching-learning, integration of technolo^c-vocational training, integrative teaching-learning within technologic - vocational training In the article the author have put forward many Ideas to improve quality of the training: Plan of basic subject und competency module: Research and develop the DACtJMCharts: Uppfy the teaching-learning methods aiming activity of students: Organize integrative teachinglearning: Have instruments for assessing competency module: -(ki 2-5/2013) ... hpc tap, ngudi hpc can linh hdi, tuong ung vdi mot hoatdong, mpt cdng vi?c xac dinh cua mpt nghe Trong dd bao gorn cae kien thue li thuyet, kTnang thuc hanh va cae pham chat d?o ddc cong viee c^n... yeu eau xa hpi ve chat Iuqng cua nguon nhan luc dupcOT Day hpc TH dao tao nghe Co the noi, DHTH trongOTN I^DH dmh hudng vao muc tieu hinh NLTH eho ngudi hoc, dam bao su van dyng kien thuc, kT... nghiem can thi^ cae hoatdpng tong hop degiai quyet eac nhiem vu hpe tap (cdng viee) mang tinh duan Trong OTN cd cae muc dp eua DHTH nhusau: -TH theo module,tien day cdtheday-hpc toan bd li thuyet