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KAY DUNG HE T H Q N G GAU HOI HUONG D A N SINH VIEN CAO OANG Tl / HOC CHlTOfNG I V HOA DAI ClTCfNG 1 ThS NGUYEN THI LI§U ThS NGUYEN H O N G C H I ^ N * Nhiem vu giao due dcac tardng cao ding (CD), dai[.]
KAY DUNG HE THQNG GAU HOI HUONG DAN SINH VIEN CAO OANG Tl/ HOC CHlTOfNG I V - HOA DAI ClTCfNG ThS N G U Y E N THI LI§U - ThS N G U Y E N H O N G C H I ^ N * N hiem vu giao due dcac tardng cao ding (CD), dai hpe (DH) la "bidn qua trtnh dao tao qua trinh ti/ dao tao cua sinh vien (SV)" De thUc hi|n tdt dupc nhiem vg ddl hdl nhieu yeu to, song yeu tdquan tnjng khdng the thie'u dd la he Ihd'ng cau hoi (CH) hudng d i n SV tuhpc (TH) Trong pham vi bai bao, chung tdi xin gidi thieu ve xdy dung he thongCHvabai tap (BT) hudng ddn SV CO THC/iuOTjff l)/:H^ mgt electron, mgthatnhan Mgt so khai niem ccf'ban {Hoa d^i cuang 1) , ' I M o t s o C H va BT hudng dSn SV TH Chuong FV: He mot electron, m p t h a t nhan Mpt so khai niem co ban (Hoa dai c u o n g 1) 1)MueMu:-SV bietmd hinh, each giai, khal niem AO, ASO, may e, bieu thde ham sdng md ta trang thai toan phan vi hat; - Hieu ket qua eua bai toan he e, itafnhan, ynghTa eua bd'n so lupng td '^.2JCW/iu"i*7ffdl/TrW;-Cau/.Trinh bay mdhinh he1 electron, hat nhan? Viet bieu thdc cua toan td H chomdhinh nay; -Cat/2.Trinh bay PT Schrodinger, ket qua giai phuong trinh Schrodinger cho bai toan hele Ihat nhan (ham rieng, tri rieng);-Cau Tinh Ei,E1,E3theoeVcuacacheH,HeMi^*sauddso sanh cac tri so: a) Cung mot gla trj cua Z va neu ket luan anh hudng cua n de'n E„; b) Cung mdt giatrj cua n va neu kei luan anh hudng cua Z de'n E„; - Cau Md taquang phd'vach phat xa nguyen tuHydro.Giai thich?; - C§u Ham mat dp xae sua't la gi? The nao la ham mat dp xac suat dpc lap vdi ban kinh? Ham phan bd xac suat theo ban kinh? Cho vi du ve mdl toai ham dd kem hinh anh minh hpa?; -Cau May e lagi? May e lien he nhuthe nao vdi ham mait dp xae suat?; - Cau AO la gi? Cho biet dai lupng nao la ttiong so', bien so bieu thdc AO?; - Cau The nao la bie suy bie'n nang lupng? Tim bdc suy bien cila E^?; - Cau The nao la ham ASO? Phan biet ham AO va ASO?; • Cau 10 Phan tich y nghia, mdi quan he cua so IUpng td n I, m^ m j? - Bai2: Hay so sanh khai niem AO chuong vdi khai niem AO saeh giao khoa ldp 10 ban A? Giaithich?;-6a/5;Hay vie't cae gia trj bd'n so lupng td cho cac electron dtrang thai cO ban cua nguyen tdcd Z = (giathiet electron dien vao cac AO theo chieu m, giam dan); - Bai4 Hay cho biet ten cua cac AO cd: a) n = 4, /= ; b) n = 3, / = 1, m, = + 1; e_) n = 6, /= 2, m,= 0; - BaiS Electron cudi eung cua cac nguyen td cd bdn sd lupng td nhu sau: a) n = 2, / = 0, m, = 0, m^ = -1/^ ; b) n = 2, / = 1, m, = 0, m^, = -1/2; e) n = 3, / = 1,m^=-1,mj= + y ; d ) n = , / = , m , = -2,m^ = + '/^ Hay xac dinh ten AO cua cae electron va dien tieh hat nhan cue eae nguyen td; - Bai6 Tinh vj tri vach dau va vach gidi han cua day Banme cua mdi he sau: a) D (dPteri); b) H^'^ Li^* biet R^ = 109700cm-' 4) Test ketthuc chuang: - Cau Chgn cau sai: A Quang phdnguyen tdlaquang phollen tuc; B Nguyen tu dupc tao td eae hat eo ban la neutron, proton va electron; C Kinh thudc eua hat nhan rat nhoso vdl kich thudc cua nguyen tu; c Hat nhan cua nguyen tu khdng thay dd'i eae phan dng hda hpc thdng thudng (tru phan dng hat nhan); - Cau Chgn phat d/el/sa/vekleu nguyen tdBohrap dyng cho nguyen td Hydro hoae eae ion gidng Hydro (ion ehi ed electron): A Khlchuyen dpng tren quydao Bohr, nang lupng eua electron khdng thay ddl; B Bde xa phat electron ehuyen tdmdc nang lupng E^ xud'ng mde IE -E\ nang lupng E^ cd budc sdng X,bang: ^ = ' '' ••\0 Electron khd'i lupng m, chuyen dpng vdi tdc v tren quydao Bohrban kinh r, cdddldn cua momen dpng lupng: r nh In ; D Electron chi thu vao hay phat bdc xa chuyen td quy dao ben sang quy dao ben khae; - Cau Chgn cau dung:Do dai sdng cua bdc xa nguyen td Hydro phat tuan theo he thdc; ~ = « ; i ^ - - J Ne'u n, = va n^ = 4, buc xa ung vdi 3) BTvan dyng: - Bai /.'Trong mdt nguyen td ed bao nhi§u electron ung vdi: a) n = 2; b) n = / = 1; c)n = 3, /= 1, m,= 0; d) n = 3, / = 2, m,= 0, m^ = + ^ ; * Tnrcing Cao dang stf ph^m Ha Ngi Tqp chi Giao due so 316 55 U-^:-8/2013)- sg chuyen electron; A Ti) quy dao len quy a?io 4, ldp electron vaehung cdnang lupng nhunhau;C.Sd biJcxa thuoc day Lyman; B.TilquydEio l i e n quydao luong ti}tdm,cdthenh?n gla trj I d - d e n + / So lupng 4, biJc xa thupc day Balmer; C Tu' quy dao xuong td td dae tn/ng eho su djnh hudng cua cac Orbital quy dao 1, bLfc xa thuoc day Lyman; D.TCr quy d?o4 nguyen td td trudmg; D S d Iupng t d t d spin dac xuong quy dao 1, biJc xa thpc day Balmer; - CSu trung cho thudc tinh rieng cua electron va chi cd hai Nang luang lon hoa (eV) dS'tach electron nguyen giatrj -1/2 va+1/2; - C a u 10 Chgn cau sai: ^ Nang tiiHydro omiic n = t6l xa v6 cung lai A 1,51 eV; B lUPng cua Orbital 2p, khac eua Orbital 2p^ vi chung 4,53 eV; C Khong du du li§u de tinh; D 13,6 eV; cd djnh hudng khac nhau; Nang lupng cua Orbital - Cau Chqn chu giai dung cija phupng trinh song: s cua oxi b l n g nang lupng cua Ofbital s cua fto; Nang lupng cua cae phan Idp mdt kip lupng td Srr^m fl'f (£-K)T = cd gla trj / khac thi khac nhau; Nang luprig Schrodinger: - T T ' ^ T ^ cda cac Orbital mdt phan Idp cd gia trj m, khac 1) E la nang lupng toan phin va V lathdnSng eua hat thi khac A 1,4; B 1,2,4; C 2,3,4; D 1, vi md phu thupc vao tpa dp x, y, z; 2) D3y la phupng 2;'Ciu 11 Chgn phat bleu dung\ror\g cac p\\a\b\eii trinh sdng md ta su chuyen dpng cua hat vi md cua sau; Trong cung mpt nguyen td, Ort)ital np cd kich he cd suthay ddi theo thdi gian; 3) \\J la ham sdng do'i thude Idn hon Orbital (n-1 )p; Trong cung mdtnguyen vdi cac bien x,y, z mdta su chuyen dgng eua hat vi tu, nang lupng cua electron tren AO ns Idn hon nang md pdiem ed toa dp x, y va z phy thudc vao thdi gian lupng cua electron tren AO (n-1)s; Xae suat gap A 2,3; B 1,3; , ; D 1; - Cau Chgn eau dung: electron cua mdt AO 4f d mpi hudng la nhu nhau; Dau cua ham sdng dupc bieu dien tren hinh dang cua Nang lupng cua electron tren AO d ^ Idn hPn nang cac AO nhu sau: A AO s cd the mang dau (+) hay lupng eua electron tren AO d ^ A 1,2; B 1,2,3; C dau (-);B.AOped dau dhal vung khdng gian gidng 2.3:D.^ A:-Cau 12 Chgn phatbliu sai: A.CacAO (cung mang dau (+} hoac ciing mang dau {-)); didp n bao gid cung cd nang lupng Idn hon AO didp C AOs chl mang dau (+);D.AOpchlcddau(+) dca n - ; B Sd lupng tu phy I xac dinh d?ng va ten cua haivung khdng gian;-Cai/7 C/)pncau(Jdnp.'Orbital ori}ital nguyen tu; C So lupng tdtum,cdcaGgiatii td nguyen tu la: A Vung khong gian bat ki chda 90% -Iden I; D Sdluong tuphu cdcac gla tri tdo denn-1; xac sua't cd mat eua electron; B Ham sdng mo ta • Cau 13 Sd lupng td chinh va so lupngta)phu I lln trang thai cua electron nguyen tudupc xac djnh lupt xac djnh: A St/ djnh hudng va hinh dang cua bdi sd lupng tun, /, m ; C Quy dao chuyen dpng eua oibltal nguyen tu; B Hinh dang va sudjnh hudng cua electron nguyen tU;D Ham sdng m d t a trang ortltal nguyen tu; C Nang lupng cua electron vasu thai cua electron nguyen tUdupc xac djnh bdi djnh hudng cua orbital nguyen td; D Nang lupng eua sd luang tu n, / m, va m^; - Cau Chgn phat bieu electron va hinh dang cua orbital nguyen td; • Cau dung:^ Cac orbital nguyen tus co tlnh ddi xung cau; 14 So lucfng tu m, dac torng eho: A Dang orbital Cae orbital nguyen tu p^ cd mat phing phan ddi nguyen td; B Kieh thude ort)ital nguyen tuC Sudjnh xung di qua tam va vudng gde vdi true tpa dp i tuong hudng cua orbital nguyen td; D Tait ca deu dung dng; Cac orbital nguyen tup cd mat dp xae suat Thuc nghiem s u pham gap electron la cue dai dpe theo true tpa dp i tuong t) Mue tieu:- Kiem tra ket quaTH cua SV cdva ung; Cac orbital nguyen tu d nhan tam eua he khdng cd hethdng CH hudng d i n cua GV {HS tudpc tpa dp lam tam ddi xdng A 1,2,4; B 1,3,4; C 2,4; theo timg chude); - Rut kinh nghiem de hoan t h i ^ b^ D 1,2,3,4; - Cau Chgn phat bleu sai: A Sdlucmg CH giup hpc sinh TH mptcaeh hieu qua nhat tu ehinh n cd the nhan gla tri nguyen duong (1, 2, 2} Quy trinh thuc nghiem:-Xay 6\JnQg\a.oan\\\\fB ), xac djnh nang lupng electron, kich thude Orbital nghlpm supham theo dexuat;-Xay dung dekiem tra nguyen tu; n eang Idn thi nang lupng eua electron danh gia hieu qua viec sudung h^ thd'ng CH hudng cang cao, kieh thude Orbital nguyen tueang Idn Trong d i n TH mdn "Hda dai cuong 1' nguyen tu da electron, nhung electron coeung giatrj 3} Kei qua thuc nghiem Qua trinh thuc nghiem n lap nen mdt Idp electron va chung ed eiing gia trj duoc thyc hien tai trudng CBSP Ha Npi Hpc phin nang lupng; B.Sd lupng tuphy/cdthe nhan gia tri td thue nghiem "Hoa daicuang 1'\ thdi gian: Hoc ki [, den n-1 Sdluong tuphu /xae djnh ten va hinh dang nam hpc 2012-2013; Idp thuc nghiem: Su pham Hoa cua dam may electron Trong nguyen tuda electron, hpo K38A (G V cd sd dung he thdng CH hudng din nhung electron edeung giatrj n va /lap nen mpt phan TH); Idp ddi chdng K38B) GV sddyng phUPng phap 56 Tqp chi Giao due so 316 -(ki2-8/2013) truyin-thdng khdng cd hethdng CH hudng d i n TH HQ thdng CH tdt khdng nhung giup SV cd djnh Sdirpng SV Idp tuong duflng (38 SV) Ket hudng dung dSn qua trinh hpc tap ma cdn ren thuc hpc phan chung tdi tie'n hanh kiem tra bai 90 luyen kha nang "hpe sudt ddi" cho cae em qua phut, cu the theo bang phan phdi tan sd', tan suat, tan trinh lap nghiep trdthanh nha giao gidi eua nganh Q suat luy tieh nhusau: Tdi ti^u tham khao S^HSdaiaSmX % HS oat dlim X % HS tJal aim difa X Trdn Th^nh Hu£ H(3a dai cuvng - Cau tao chfi't UiJill BC TN DC TN TN DC NXB 0(11 hoc supham, H 2007 0 0 0 2, NguySn Thi XuSn Thuy "Rfen luy?n ki nSng tir hpc 0 0 0 cho sinh vien ddp iing yfiu c3u 6ho tao theo hgc cii^ 2,63 2,63 0 tin chi" 7a/Jt7i/Cirfoi/(ir,s6'D^cbi$t 3/2012 5,26 2.63 7,89 2,63 -I.Thdi Duy Tuy£n G i i o d u t hoc hi^n dai - Nhimg 7,39 3 7,89 15,78 10,52 va'n d^ Cff ban NXB 0{]( hqc qu6c gia H 2001, B 21,06 15,79 36,84 26,31 S n H 10 « 9 3B 8 38 23,63 23.68 13,17 2,63 0,00 100,00 21,06 21,06 18,42 7,89 5,26 100,00 60,52 84,2 97,37 100,00 47,37 68,43 86,85 94,74 100.00 • Bo ffti dudng luy tich theo bang phan phdi tan sua} liiy tich (xem hinh 1; 2) SUMMARY There are many ways lo help students lo enhance learning quality, using questions and exercises to help students self- sludy under the control of teachers Is one way In this paper, we press the creating of questions and exercises to guide students to self- study the subjects - General chemistry Al lo advance in college student's studied results Gffi Ogng ca nhd trirc quan (Tiep theo trang 49} :;bl.|.J -' eho dp Idn eua gde nhpn dd, ti sdnay dupc gpi la mot tl sd lupng giac cua goe nhpn Hinh Do Ihi phan halHS Cac hoatdpng GOC nhdttuc quan dtren dan xen vabdtrpcho day hgc mon Toana JHCS Vdi mdi khai niem, cd the cd nhung each khac de tiep can.Tuy thudc vao tung bai hpe, ddi tupng HS va dieu kien day hpe, GV ed the GDC hoac khdng GDC Qua do, phat huy dupe tinh tich cue eua HS, nang cao hieu qua day hpc • Hinh Do thi tin suat IQy tich f!) NguySn Ba Kim PhuDUg phap day hoc mOn Toin NXB Dgi hoc sir phgm, H, 2004 W'^Phan tich kei qua thue nghiem cho tha'y, chat liKftig hpctl^ cua SV ldp thi/c nghiem cao hon Idp ddi Clii!inqthehien:-Caedudngluytichcualdpthucnghiwn iJeunam ben phaivadphia dudi cac dudng luy tieh cila lop ddi chdng, dieu dd chung td chat luong hpc tap cua HS cac ldp thyc nghiem cao hon so vdi cac Idp ddi chdng;-Tile% HS ye'u va tmng binh didp ddi chihig cao hon Idp thue nghiem, edn ti le % HS kha, gidi dcac I6p thyc nghiem cao hon cac ldp ddi ehung h "^Z Td ket qua tht/c nghiem danh gia chat lupng hoc t?p cua SV theo phuong phap TH dat ket qua cao hdn cd hp thdng CH djnh hudng phu hpp, td nSng cao chSit lupng day va hpc d tardng OH va CD theo he thdng tin chl (ki2-8/9.0ia) Tai Heu tham khao VQ HO'U Binh, Kinh nghiem day toan va hoc toan bae trung hpc c c s d NXB Gido due H 1998 Pham Gia DiJc (chu bien) - Biii Huy Ngpc - Pham Diic Quang Giao trinh phuong phap day hoc cac noi dung mOn Toan NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2008 SUMMARY In this report, we give four ways to create thanks to teachingalds teaching methods reometiy noUon in secondary school such as: making to leam the notion through observation; through doing following InstrucUon or doing following model; through acUvlUes applied in reality: comingfrom maths Therefore, we intensify positive studying of students Tqp chi Giao due so 316 | 57 ... 23.68 13 ,17 2,63 0,00 10 0,00 21, 06 21, 06 18 ,42 7,89 5,26 10 0,00 60,52 84,2 97,37 10 0,00 47,37 68,43 86,85 94,74 10 0.00 • Bo ffti dudng luy tich theo bang phan phdi tan sua} liiy tich (xem hinh 1; ... 7a/Jt7i/Cirfoi/(ir,s6''D^cbi$t 3/2 012 5,26 2.63 7,89 2,63 -I.Thdi Duy Tuy£n G i i o d u t hoc hi^n dai - Nhimg 7,39 3 7,89 15 ,78 10 ,52 va''n d^ Cff ban NXB 0{]( hqc qu6c gia H 20 01, B 21, 06 15 ,79 36,84 26, 31 S n H 10 « 9... giatrj -1/ 2 va +1/ 2; - C a u 10 Chgn cau sai: ^ Nang tiiHydro omiic n = t6l xa v6 cung lai A 1, 51 eV; B lUPng cua Orbital 2p, khac eua Orbital 2p^ vi chung 4,53 eV; C Khong du du li§u de tinh; D 13 ,6