T A M Li HOC • SINH l i HOC LIJA TU6l NHONG VEU TO C0 BAN ANH HlldNG DEN TINH GACH CIJA SIIVH VIEIM DAIM TOC DAO ThS NGUYEN H A I THANH Tlnh each cua con ngudi anh hudng va chiu st/ chi phdi cua nhieu[.]
T A M Li HOC • SINH l i HOC LIJA TU6l NHONG VEU TO C0 BAN ANH HlldNG DEN TINH GACH CIJA SIIVH VIEIM DAIM TOC DAO ThS NGUYEN H A I THANH T lnh each cua ngudi anh hudng va chiu st/ chi phdi cua nhieu yeu id Ngoai nhCfng yeu td ehung nhu dieu kien dia li, phong tyc, lap quan, tinh each cua sinh vien dan tgc (SVDT) Dao cdn chiu anh hudng bdi nhung dieu kign ehu quan va khach quan eua ban than timg sinh vien (SV) Viec chi duoc nhirng yeu td eo ban anh hudng den sy hinh tinh each cila SVDT Dao cd vai trd quan tamg ddi vdi giao dye ntiii chung, ren luyen nghe nghiep ndi rieng Nhun^ yeu to chu quan thugc ve SVDT Dao Von hieu blet-Qa sdSVDT Dao sinh d nong thdn, vung niii, nai cd dieu kien kinh te cdn rat khd khSn, CO sd tang, giao thong tuong ddi kem phat trien, viec cap nhgt thdng tin hang rat hgn che Nhieu tap quan ton tai lau ddi chua hi xda bd nhutao hon, dm dau mdi Ihay cung, da lam cho nhan IhUc etJa SV it nhieu bj anh hudng Ngoai ra, ddi ngu giangvieneaetardng chuyen nghiep dmidn nui phan idn la giao vien viing xudi len cdng tac hogc ngudi DTkhacnen SL/hieu biel ve van hda, phong tyc, tap quan cua ngudi Dao bi han che, dan den qua Irinh dgy hgc khong phal huy dugc anh hudng etja nhifng tap quan, nhung yeu id van hda tich cue, Tinh njt re, cham thich^ting vdi hoat tidng hge tap mdi ta/timg eao dang, dgi hge (CD,DH} cung nhulrong vigc ren luyen nghe nghiep dSVDT cung anh hudng khdng nhd den nhan thii'c va ketqua hgc lapeuacacem.Donhunp nguyen nhan tren, vdn hieu biet cua SVDT Dao vecac vain de chinh tri, kinh te, xahgi cdn han hep Sutu dudng: Nhi/ng nam gan day, sd luong SVDT Dao theo hge tai eae trudng dai hgc, cao d^ng tren ca nudc dang gia tang nhung vln rat it so vdi td'ng sd hge sinh DT Dao lot nghiep trung hoc phd'thdng hang nam Tai rnglsdIrudng cao dang supham mien nui phia Bac nhu Ha Giang, Cao Biing, Lao Cai ti l§ SV ngudi Dao chiem khoang 6,5% tren long sdSV toan trudng (nam hgc 2012-2013) (ki2-7/20.13) ~ Oac diem tlnh each chung eua SVDT it ngUdi laajt re, nhut nhat, chua tu tin hge tap, giao tie'p va cac hogt ddng xa hgi Tuy nhien, nhd su IU tu dudng, kha nang van dung cac kien Ihuc dUpc hgc, SVDT Dao dadan dan khae phuc dugcphan nao nhung hgn chelrong tinh each dechij tJdng hda nhap vao cac mdi quan he xa hdi Hien nay, SV ngudl Dao it lin vao cac hign tugng me tin dj doan, cae luc Igiac hau cua dja phuong Hg la bg phan tieh cue tuyen tatyen cho ddng bao ngucri Dao cac quan diem ve nep sdng van hda mdi, tin vao khoa hgc Dilu dd chimg td, SVDT Dao cang cdgang, nd lue vugt mgi khd khan, ham hge hdi de lam chu kien thuc, nhgy ben, Ihieh ung vdi eae dieu kien xa hgi dang eang thay doi Nhirng yeu to'khach quan Giao due cua gia dinh: Gia dinh ngudi Dao cho den van la gia dinh Iruyen thdng gom nhieu the he ciing chung sdng (thudng la tu den thd he) Day la yeu id quan trgng va anh hudng nhieu den viee truyen thy lai eho the he sau nhii'ng net van hda, phong luc, tap quan cua DT Tinh each cham ehl lao dgng, that tha eac mdiquan he, tinh than doan ket, gin bd cgng ddng, d SV ngudi Dao phan Idn anh hudng tu ngudi than Tuy nhien, cha me, ngudi than eua SV ngudi Dao hien chua thuc su chu trgng den vigc hgc, st/Ihanh dat cua cai nen van de hgc lap deed tri IhiJc, ren luyen nghe nghiep, cd cdng an viee iam luang lai ehua dugc quan tam nhieu Giao due cua nha trudng la yeu id quan trgng anh hudng rat Idn tdi tinh each eua SVDT Dao Nhiing diJclinh nd1 bat nhucan cu lao ddng,cham ehi,Irung thue sdm dugc hinh dSVva dugc ren luyen, cung ed Irong cac md'i quan he giao tie'p vdi thay cd giao, ban be cung nhu hogt ddng nghe nghiep, lam cho SV ngudi Dao thehien rd tinh than hda ddng, cham ehi hgc lap Thdng qua giao dtic cua nha * Tning Tam tbong tin Khoa hpc, Hpc vi$n Chinh trj • Hanh chlih quoc ga Ho Chi Minb Tap chi Gido due so 314 27 ta/dng, nhung gia tri, ban sle rieng cua ngudi Dao khdng bj mat di ma dugc SVDT Dao nhan tbi/c rd, van dung mgt each sang tao vao cac hoat hoal ddng da dang cugc sdng Hg tich cue tham gia vao cae hogt dgng xa hgi, tich cue ren luyen nghe nghiep, cung cd va phal huy nhiing gia trj vSn hda dgc trung cOa DT minh Van hda dan tdc: DT Dao cd nhiing net vSn hda ratriengso vdi cac DT khac Chang hgn, tue cudi hdi; dnhdm Dao do, ed dau dugc cha mg, anh chj em, hp hang dua den nha trai; dnhdm Dao Thanh Y, nha trai tdi ddn dau, bd hogc anh Irai cd dau phai cdng cd dau khoi ct/a roi mdi trao cho ben nha trai Thay tao CO vi Iri quan trgng Irong viec cung ma va lam chay Lam nha mdi phai xem tuoi va lam le chgn dat Theo tmyen thdng, lat ea dan dng da den ludi tfudng_ deu phai qua le cap sac, nhi/ng ngudi chet chua duge cap s k thi ngudi nha vln phai lam ll cap sic eho ngudi dd Ngudi Dao quan niem, sinh trudc thi ngudi dd theo tht/ bgc ia anh hoac chj cua ngudi sinh sau ddng hg Trong an udng, ngudi Dao thich an thi!luge, cac mdn thjt say khd, udp ehua; sau an xong kieng dedtia ngang mieng batvidd la dau higu nha cd ngudi chet Ve trang phuc, dan dng ngudi Dao thudng cd hai loai ao: ao ngan mac hang va ao dai dung cac dip le hgi, di chg; quan bang vai nhudm cham, cat kieu "chan que" Phy nuDao mac ao theu hoa, vay vai cham, gau vay in hoa van bing sap ong, deo nhieu trang st/c bang bac.Trong quan he xa hdi, d thdn xdm tdn tai chu yeu quan he xdm gieng vaquan he ddng hg Ngudi Dao cdtajyen thdng thuc hien theo 10 Dilu nguyen, 10 Dieu the, 10 Oieu cam Nhi/ng gia tri van hda truyen thdng tren duoc ngudi Dao bao ton qua nhidu the he, trd nhung yeu Id cd tinh dae ta/ng, co ban eua ngUCflDao Ngudi Dao thudng sdng tung ban, tdng lang nho d lung chirng niJi Tinh than doan kel, hda ddng vdi ddng hg cung nhu vdi eae DT khac, linb can cu Irong lao dgng, tirdd ma hinh SV ngudi Dao chju anh hudng rat manh bdi nhimg net tinh each dd Hg rait cham ehi cac hogt dgng lao dgng, tinh linh that tha, chat phac, hien lanh, niem nd giao tiep Khac vdi nhi/ng ngudi Dao ban dja, vdi tucach la mgt nhdm xa hgi, SV ngudi Dao ben canh vigc gii/gin va thuc hign kha nghiem liic nhirng itic le dgp da chu ddng khdng theo nhi/ng hu tuc lac hau, thuc hien theo nep sdng mdi cua xa hdi hign dai, Su giao thoa giua van hda truyen thd'ng cua ngudi Dao vdi cac gia tri van hda hien dai: SM ngu&i Dao la dai dien cho mgt nhdm xa hdi ngudi Dao cd trinh 28 Tap chi Gido due so 314 tri thuc eao Qua lan_p kinh nhan thiJC, nhung gSfif van hda tnjyen thdng van duc;c ho thyc hien, song KSfti canh dd, SV ngudi Dao t i ^ nhan gia tri van hoa cfe cac DT khac va gia trj van hoa hien dai cua cac nu|c khu vut va tren ttiegidi Sucap nhat thudng xuyfin cac Iri thuc mdi da lam cho hg thay 6a ve nhan thuc Trong cac md'i quan he xa hgi, n ^ ngudl Dao thudng sdng khep kin thi SV lai chu ddng viec thiS lap cac mdi quan he xa hgi, tich cue hdi nhap Ngoai ra, Internet cae phuang lien tnjydn thdng dang lam thay da nhan thut: cila SVngudiDao, nhu dm dau biet dai eac CO sdy te, van dgng ngudi than gia dinh tich cue thuc hien theo nep sdng mtii, khdng cdn hoan toan thychi|n theo eac yeu cau cua thay mo, Ihay tao mac du nhan Ihiic hg van eoi dd nhu nhiing yeu td tam linh quan trgng Irong ddi sdng tinh than Qua trinh giao luu, hda nhap vdi cac DTkhac Hien nay, SVDT Dao dang theo hgc d nhieu ta/dng CD,DH,chtJ yeu d khu vuc phiaslcdoddhoptiaj chti ddng thich ting va hda nhap vdiSV cac DT khac ve nhieu mat Su chu ddng liep nhan cac gia trj van hda mdi da lao nen sugiao thoa tinh each gii?a SVDT Dao vdiSV cae DT khae, Chang han, tinh cgng ddng, su hi sinh vi ddng hg ctia ngudi Dao se giao thoa vdi tinh linh hoat, chu dgng giao tiep; tinh chju khd, can cu Irong lao ddng gdp phan hinh thanti tinh tich ct/c hgc tap, ren luyen nghe nghiep;tutudng de cao vai trd cua gia lang, tn/dng ban, de cao uy quyen cija Ihay mo, Ihay tao, dan xen vtji tinh thugng tdn ciJa phap lual, coi viec thuc hien theo phap lugt han la hanh dgng theo nhiing tyc le ed tinh nguyen Ihuy khdng edn phii hop vdi dieu kien xa hgi hien Nhu vay, qua trinh giao luu va hda nhap vdi SV cac DT khae lam cho tinh each SV ngudi Dao cd sUthay ddi, de thich iing vdi dieu kien sdng mdi, nhung thiet che xahgi mdi Thue tien CNH, HDH a nudc ta da tao cho SV noi chung va SV DT Dao nhiing gia trj mdi nhan thiic va hoat dgng nghe nghiep SVDT Dao von chi quen vdi cac hoat dgng san xuat ndng nghiep taiyln thdng, eac hoat ddng lao dpng cdlinh thu cdng thi hi$n nay, hg dugc tiep can vcS cac tuu khoa hgc kT thuat, nhiing tri thire khoa hgc hign dgi venhieu IFnh viJC khae Dieu dd ddi hdi ban tiian mdi SV phai co phuang phap hgc tap phii hgp definh hgi cac kien thite khoa hgc va eac kien thu'c Hen quan den hoat dgng nghe nghiep Ben cgnh dd, hg cdn phai thay doi nhan thi/c ve mdt sdtuc le khdng edn phii hgp nhlm thich ung vdi Idi sdng edng nghiep, tinh can cu, ehiu khd; (Xemii^^ngSI) -(ki2-7/2013) ... phai lam ll cap sic eho ngudi dd Ngudi Dao quan niem, sinh trudc thi ngudi dd theo tht/ bgc ia anh hoac chj cua ngudi sinh sau ddng hg Trong an udng, ngudi Dao thich an thi!luge, cac mdn thjt say... Van hda dan tdc: DT Dao cd nhiing net vSn hda ratriengso vdi cac DT khac Chang hgn, tue cudi hdi; dnhdm Dao do, ed dau dugc cha mg, anh chj em, hp hang dua den nha trai; dnhdm Dao Thanh Y, nha trai... ngUCflDao Ngudi Dao thudng sdng tung ban, tdng lang nho d lung chirng niJi Tinh than doan kel, hda ddng vdi ddng hg cung nhu vdi eae DT khac, linb can cu Irong lao dgng, tirdd ma hinh SV ngudi Dao