TẠP CHÍ CƠNG ỉllint TREND AND FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP ACTIVITIES OF STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES • IE THI VIET HA - TRAN MINH TUAN - VITHI THANH XUAN ■ PHAM PHUONG MAI ABSTRACT: Almost students of the University of Foreign Languages and International Studies (ULIS) are majoring in foreign languages or cultural studies but they desừe to businesses However, most students still not dare to take risks This study determines trends and examines the factors affecting the entrepreneurship of ULIS’s students Based on the studys results, some solutions are proposed to help ULIS’s students improve the performance of their businesses This study is expected to contribute to the development of start-up policies in Vietnam and encourage Vietnamese youth to start theứ own businesses Keywords: ULIS, students, start-up, business, strategy Introduction Starting a business is considered a strategic orientation of many countries around the world, including Vietnam Promoting entrepreneurship activities among young people, with the core being the student force, is the basic solution contributing to solving the problem of employment, creating a solid premise for economic growth and development Therefore, determining the scientific basis for formulating policies to create a start-up environment and proposing solutions to promote the entrepreneurial spirit of male students is an urgent task In the start-up atmosphere of students nationwide, students of Vietnam National 234 So 26-Tháng 11/2021 University (VNU), Hanoi campus in general and students of the University of Foreign Languages and International Studies (ULIS) in particular, with their youth and dynamism, have also made moves to learn and improve their skills positively However, due to the characteristics of the training program, the content of knowledge about entrepreneurship and business for students of the ULIS is still very limited, not meeting the needs and aspirations of supporting startups of foreign students Therefore, it is very necessary to carefully study the trends and factors affecting the start-up activities of students of the ULIS to provide timely supportive solutions In addition to the Introduction and References, the content of this QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ study includes parts: Part 2: Related studies, Part 3: Theoretical basis and research methods, Part 4: Start-up situation career of students at the University of Foreign Languages, Part 5: Proposals to improve the efficiency of entrepreneurship, and Part 6: Conclusion Related studies So far, there have been a lot of studies both in Vietnam and abroad on start-up activities of university students 2.1 Domestic studies Start-up can be defined as the involvement of an individual's intention to start a business (Souitaris &CS, 2007); as a process that guides the planning and implementation of a business creation plan (Gupta & Bhawe, 2007) Hoang Thi Thuong (2014) pointed out factors affecting the start-up intention of students of the University of Labor and Social Affairs, including: social norms, aspiration, feasibility, education environment, market and financial conditions, individual personality In addition to identifying five factors affecting students' intention to start a business (attitude and self-efficacy, education and opportunity to start a business, capital, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control), the study of Phan Anh Tu and Giang Thi Cam Tien (2015) found evidence for the moderating influence of the gender variable in the relationship between capital sources and the intention to start a business of economics students Can Tho University Nguyen Phuong Mai et al (2018) identified the most important factors determining the business intentions of students at the University of Economics and Business (UEB), which are: behavioral control, personality and entrepreneurial spirit Not only economics students, engineering students also have a great interest in start-up Doan Thi Thu Trang and Le Hieu Hoc (2017), based on a study of 302 engineering students at Hanoi University of Science and Technology, showed that entrepreneurial intention is directly affected by perceived feasibility and entrepreneurial spirit 2.2 International studies Studies on factors affecting entrepreneurial intention have many different approaches depending on the classification of different factors and survey objects Research by Wenjun Wang (2011) showed that entrepreneurial desire, entrepreneurial readiness and work experience have a direct impact on the intention of students to pursue vocational education in China and the US Simultaneously, family's business background and business ethics also have an indirect impact on the intention of entrepreneurship Research by Ferreira et al., (2012) introduced the factors affecting the intention to start a business according to the approach from the theory of planned behavior, as it is one of the most popular theories of entrepreneurial intention research Research by Linan et al., (2011) identified five main factors affecting students' intention to start a business, which is entrepreneurial readiness (positive perception); personal attitude planning, alliances and employee formation; growth - the key to success; priority for useful work Those are the factors that influence the intention of university students in Spain to start a business Thus, most of the studies only focus on explaining and determining the causes leading to the intention to start a business, but not on analyzing the difficulties that hinder students when preparing and starting a business Theoretical foundations and research methods 3.1 Theoretical basis Start-up can be defined as the involvement of an individual's intention to start a business(Souitaris et al., 2007); a process that guides the planning and implementation of a business creation plan (Gupta & Bhawe, 2007) Students' entrepreneurial intentions come from students' ideas and are properly oriented from educational programs and trainers(Schwarz et al., 2009) This study used the definition of entrepreneurship intention of students Shapero and Sokol Start-up Theory (1982) considered starting a new business as a business SỐ26-Tháng 11/2021 235 TẠP CHÍ CƠNG THƯƠNG event explained by the interaction of contextual Due to time and resource constraints, this study factors, including: knowledge, concentration of uses qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics to resources, management, relative autonomy and show highlights, trends and factors affecting startup risk The decision to consider or choose a business activities of ULIS students depends on a number of external changes Entrepreneurship status of students at the (Peterman and Kennedy, 2003) According to the University of Foreign Languages and two authors' research, the personal choice to start a International Studies business depends on factors: (i) changes in life, In recent years, the phrase Start-Up has received (ii) the desire to start a business, and (iii) perceived special attention from not only students of feasibility of starting a business economic professions, but also students of other Another theory most commonly used to disciplines ULIS is a university in VNU with a high measure an individual's start-upintention is Ajzen's percentage of startup after graduation, as ULIS (1991) theory of Planned Behavior This theory offers a dynamic environment to experience shows that human behavior is the result of their entrepreneurship for students intention to perform the behavior and their ability 4.1 General situation ofstart-up activities to control it.Intention to perform behavior is The survey results show that the majority of influenced by three factors: (i) personal attitude, ULIS students and alumni have the desire to start a (ii) perceived behavioral control and (iii) social business with the rate of entrepreneurial intention perception According to Ajzen (2001), personal out of the total number of students participating in attitude reflects the level of negative or positive the survey up to 78.2% This is completely in line assessment of the individual towards with reality because entrepreneurship is now entrepreneurship Perceived behavioral control is gradually becoming a strong development trend for defined as an individual's perception of how students, especially in a dynamic environment like difficult or easy it is to be an entrepreneur Social ULIS The percentage of students with a high perception represents the support or opposition of desire to start a business is in line with the research an individual's important people when that direction individual decides to start a Table 4.1 Desire and experience of starting a business business 3.2 Data and research Criteria Status Ratio (%) methods _ Yes 21.8 Data are collected in the form Desire to start a business of a questionnaire, including: Are not 78.2 _ closed questions (yes/no Used to 8.3 Have you started a choices) and open questions business yet? Never 91.7 (depending on the opinion of the Success 17.6 respondents) The interviews Result and survey respondents are 82.4 Failure students at the ULIS Using the Start-up Never studied 94.1% experience Business survey form consisting of 14 knowledge Online courses 5.9% questions (appendix), this study attempts to find out the startup Online business 64.7% trends the difficulties in Field Food and drink items 17.6% entrepreneurship and the Is different 17.7% suggested solutions from ULIS students themselves Source: Calculation from ULIS student survey 2020 236 So 26-Tháng 11/2021 QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ According to the survey samples obtained, the number of students who never started a business accounted for 91.7% ofthe survey votes and the remaining 8.3% (17 students) had ever started a business, of which only 17.6% succeeded On the other hand, the majority of students who started a business have not been trained and equipped with business and start-up knowledge; which can be the main cause of failure There are also reasons such as the inability to arrange time and focus on business, as most businesses were launched while the entrepreneurs were students; insufficient capital; or lack of leadership skills.The field of start-up is mainly online business (64.7%), because the development of social networks provides favorable conditions and creates opportunities, which is an ideal environment for students to start a business 4.2 Start-up trends The main start-up fields that ULIS students want to choose include: Online business, Education, Entertainment (Youtuber, Vlogger, Streamer, etc.) This result is not much different from the fields that the majority of students have chosen to start a business, as an inevitable trend, online business is ị targeted by most students Online business is the field of entrepreneurship with the most students choosing in the survey with 89 choices and accounting for 47.1% With the continuous development of digital technology, the wide coverage of social networking sites and e-commerce sites, doing business online becomes convenient and easy The second place is Education, specifically for ULIS students opening foreign language and soft skills training centers, the second most chosen with 61 votes and 32.3% In the context of the current developed market economy, foreign language proficiency is gradually becoming an indispensable skill not only for students but also for the entire workforce ULIS students with the advantage of foreign language expertise can fully start a business with the knowledge trained in the university The third field is Food and Beverage Business, accounting for 27.5% This is one of the food service industries with strong growth potential and is also one of the top choices for young people who want to start a business.Therefore, ULIS students can quickly grasp the culinary trends of young people and target customers, thereby serving their start-up in the F&B industry Ranked fourth is the Entertainment sector, with content creation accounting for 27%.Before the explosion of the internet and the 4.0 trend in the technology world, society is witnessing the rapid Figure 4.2 The fields of desire to start a business Education Tounstu Information Technology Food and Beverage E-Commerce Entertainment Agriculture Cosmetic and Hospitality Media Care Services Electric Manufactormg Others Source: Calculationfrom ULIS student survey 2020 So 26-Tháng 11/2021 237 TẠP CHÍ CƠNG THƯÕNG development of professions that have not been named in history such as Youtuber, Streamer, Vlogger, Fashionista, etc A lot young people have seen the business potential from the "gold mines" of social networking sites such as Youtube, Facebook, Tiktok, etc and turned content creation on these technology platforms into passion and it is also the main source of income In addition to the above fields, ULIS students also want to start a business in many other fields such as Tourism, Information Technology, Agriculture, Media, etc 4.3 Difficulties in starting a business The survey results show that the biggest reason why ULIS students have not started a business is not yet confident in their business knowledge (72%) The remaining main reasons are not enough capital (60.8%), not knowing where to start (57.7%), not daring to take risks (46%), and not having time (34.9%).There are also other reasons such as: not having accumulated enough quantity and not mature enough to start a business, or not having a mentor and companion skills etc.) That means, the ULIS can connect and cooperate with the UEB to create conditions for start-up students to study elective subjects on business and administration in general such as Startup Skills Career, leadership skills Innovative thinking, complementary skills In addition, the school can organize some more courses specifically for learning language students when starting a business so that they can enhance most of their ability Secondly, build a start-up fund for ULIS students The school has carried out specific activities to support students by organizing entrepreneurship modules such as Creative thinking and entrepreneurship, or events and seminars on creativity and entrepreneurship such as “Investment in innovative start-ups” on November 9, 2020, or the startup competition “ULIS Startup 2018” However, in addition to the above work, it is very important to have a closer and more frequent connection between schools and businesses From there, it is possible to well implement the project of the Education sector and Figure 4.3 Reasons for not starting a business Source: Calculation from ULIS student survey 2020 Proposals to improve start-up efficiency 5.7 On the side of the university Firstly,supplementing courses related to entrepreneurship (Start-up skills, Leadership skills, Innovative thinking, Complementary 238 SỐ26-Tháng 11/2021 above all to meet and interact with some businesses so that students can "experience" in the most practical way know the start-up process, and look for investors or financial support so that students can realize their ideas In particular, the school QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ should prioritize connecting with businesses of ULIS alumni who have successfully started their own businesses Thirdly, establising startup clubs, startup competitions, ULIS network of entrepreneurs and connect with clubs in the same field of the UEB Startup clubs will be a "house" for young people to learn expertise and experience from their predecessors, learn the good and the necessary, and avoid serious mistakes Moreover, this will be a great inspiring environment for students to work harder and be motivated to overcome challenges in the process of starting a business In addition, the ULIS Studies can cooperate with the UEB to organize startup and business competitions such as "Business Challenges 2020” by UEB or "Start-up ULIS 2018" These contests create a useful playground and help students have the opportunity to win great prizes, approach investors to develop capital and relationships with customers and other businesses under the guidance of top professionals or people who have successfully started their own businesses I 5.2 On the side of ULIS students I Firstly, changing the entrepreneurial mindset is I a crucial factor, it is necessary to be decisive, enterprising and have a good preparation in terms of both knowledge and skills for the field of starting j a business There are many students having a ' business idea but dare not run it They identify the I desire but lack of confidence, lack of direction leading to not doing or doing in fear and not unlocking their full potential Secondly, ULIS students should learn more programs in business administration: UEB's dual degree program, graduate study, short-term graining courses Startup is similar to any career, you must start from having the right mindset and being properly trained to have professional knowledge and skills And that knowledge should be taught by CEOs, business owners or lecturers of famous universities who achieved success in the fields they teach Students can participate in undergraduate training programs such as a dual degree program of the UEB, graduate study or participate in entrepreneurship training programs In addition to the theoretical background, university and entrepreneurship training programs will help develop skills for learners, help students gain a basic foundation of business competencies and knowledge such as: financial literacy, creative problem solving, planning and resource management, specialized knowledge, empathy, social, cultural and ethical awareness;have communication and teamwork skills, have decision making skills, have the ability to manage risks Finally, actively connecting with start-up networks in the same field.lt is essential to receive support from the school in connecting with businesses, but most importantly, students should actively connect with the network of startups in their field Because, it is the start-up who can determine where their business is, what resources are there, what is lacking and look for the remaining "pieces" Experts, advisors or businesses who have expertise and experience in the field will easily support and cooperate to give young people's ideas closer to reality Through the survey results, the team found out certain difficulties of ULIS students when starting a business Accordingly, we also offer solutions for students and schools to improve the entrepreneurial quality of ULIS students Startup is a challenging and exciting journey, with the support of the school, youth enthusiasm and risk-taking spirit, students can much bigger things 6, Conclusion From the survey results and the analysis we have done, it can be seen that ULIS students are very interested and have a desire to start a business However, most students still not dare to take risks or if they have started a business, they have not been successful They are still lacking and have additional needs on important factors: guidance on the process such as knowledge, capital and mentors In addition, the ability to raise capital or understand the process and how to it in practice are all based on knowledge Before embarking on a business, students need to prepare a complete package with thinking, knowledge, skills and So 26-Tháng 11/2021 239 TẠP CHÍ CƠNG THIÍ0NG relationships The most important is the right thinking about the startup motivation that comes from the heart, from the desire to create value for the community If students are not fully equipped with such certainty, it is difficult for students to succeed in starting a business, even negatively affecting themselves, their families and society In addition, an equally momentous element on the entrepreneurial path is the role of the school Some practical and necessary activities such as supplementing classes on entrepreneurship orientation and connecting with UEB business classes, building startup funds and organizing clubs and competitions on entrepreneurship will open the way to help students get closer to the "destination" of starting a successful business.We believe that the above solutions with the active development efforts of ULIS students and the effective support of the university will create breakthrough results in startup and make great contributions to the overall development of the domestic economy as well as the world economy ■ REFERENCES: Hoang Thi Thuong (2014) Factors affecting the intention to start a business of students at University of Labor Social Affairs Hanoi: Hanoi University of Foreign Studies Phan Anh Tu and Giang Thi Cam Tien.(2015).Research on factors affecting students' intention to leave career: The case of the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Can Tho University Scientific Journal of Can Tho University, No 38, 59-66 Nguyen Phuong Mai and associates.(2018).Factors affecting the intention to start a business of female business administration 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The effect of learning, inspiration and resources Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566-591 13 Vishal, Gupta & Bhawe, Nachiket.(2007).The Influence of Proactive Personality and Stereotype Threat on Women's Entrepreneurial Intentions Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 13 10.1177/ 10717919070130040901 240 SỐ26-Tháng 11/2021 QUẢN TRỊ-QUẢN LÝ 14 Wang, Wenjun & Lu, Wei & Millington, John.(2011).Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among College Students in China and USA Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research Receiving date: November 2,2021 Reviewing date: November 12,2021 Accepting date: November 17,2021 Authors information: l.PhD.LE THIVIETHA University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University - Hanoi Master TRAN MINH TUAN Sales Manager, Alla Vietnam., JSC Masters student VITHI THANH XUAN Renmin University of China PHAM PHUONG MAI Project Manager, Scopusian XU HƯỚNG VÀ NHỮNG YEU Tố ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐEN khởi nghiệp CỦA SINH VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ (ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI) • TS LÊ THỊ VIỆT HÀ Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội •ThS TRAN MINH TUẤN Trưởng phịng Kinh doanh, Cơng ty cổ phần Alia Việt Nam • Học viên cao học VI THỊ THANH XUÂN Đại học Nhân dân Trung Quốc (Trung Quốc) • PHẠM PHƯƠNG MAI Quản lý dự án, Tổ chức Nghiên cứu khoa học Scopusian TÓM TẮT: Hầu hết sinh viên trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ (Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội) có chun mơn ngơn ngữ nước ngồi văn hố lại đam mê kinh doanh Tuy nhiên, họ sợ rủi ro khởi nghiệp Trong nghiên cứu mình, chúng tơi tìm xu hướng, yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến định khởi nghiệp đề xuất giải pháp nâng cao hiệu kinh doanh nhóm sinh viên Bài báo có ý nghĩa việc xây dựng sách nhằm khuyến khích bạn trẻ Việt Nam tiến hành nghiệp kinh doanh riêng Từ khố: ULIS, sinh viên, khởi nghiệp, kinh doanh, chiến lược SỐ26-Tháng 11/2021 241 ... THANH XUAN Renmin University of China PHAM PHUONG MAI Project Manager, Scopusian XU HƯỚNG VÀ NHỮNG YEU Tố ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐEN khởi nghiệp CỦA SINH VIÊN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ (ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI)... VIỆT HÀ Trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội •ThS TRAN MINH TUẤN Trưởng phịng Kinh doanh, Cơng ty cổ phần Alia Việt Nam • Học viên cao học VI THỊ THANH XU? ?N Đại học Nhân dân Trung Quốc. .. Quốc (Trung Quốc) • PHẠM PHƯƠNG MAI Quản lý dự án, Tổ chức Nghiên cứu khoa học Scopusian TÓM TẮT: Hầu hết sinh viên trường Đại học Ngoại ngữ (Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội) có chun mơn ngơn ngữ nước ngồi