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I Tljr QUAN DIEM GIAO DUG y CUA HO CHI MINH NGHlVE Sir HOC NGAY NAY NGUYfiN DANG NGHI Ddn tdc la cd truyin thdng hidu hgc, nhilu six xanh bia dd ghi ten nhOng hiln tai eiia dd''''t nude edn luu ddn ngdy[.]
I Tljr QUAN DIEM GIAO DUG y CUA HO CHI MINH NGHlVE Sir HOC NGAY NAY NGUYfiN DANG NGHI D dn tdc la cd truyin thdng hidu hgc, nhilu six xanh bia dd ghi ten nhOng hiln tai eiia dd't nude edn luu ddn ngdy la mdt bang chiing rdnh rdnh chdng tbl chdi cai Cdc bae cao nien xua va ca thudng day chau "nhan bdi hgc ba't tri ly" va caLdao 1^: "nha't ty vi su, ban lu vi su" hay "mudn hay chC phai ydu Idy thay" Dao 1^ ndy nghe md ihdm thfa, cd ii'nh nhan van Bdc Hd mam l6p hpc vd ldng d phd Hdng Than, khu True Bqch, Hd Ndi (31-12-1958) eao, vd nd eQng la mdt nhiing bilu hien ciia mdi quan he Ihdy - trd truyin thdng hidu hgc ciia dan tdc Day - hgc, tuong ihi'ch vdi Ihdy ' trd la hai mat cua mdt vdn dl khdng thi tdcb rdi nhau, vay nen dan gian xua mdi cd cau: "Khdng ed Ihdy dd may lam ndn", vd chilu nguge dugc da dugc dan gian phdng lac: "Khdng cd may (hoc sinh) dd ihdy day ai" Nhu vay bude ddu cd tbl thdy mdi quan he thay trd thdng qua day va hgc theo ddng nghia eua nd se tao mdt xa hdi cd nIn hgc vdn eao Dugc sinh mdt gia dinh cd iruyin thdng hoc vdn, va nhieu nam tumg bdn ba ede nude iren khap chdu luc, Hd Chi Minh thdy ro cai su hgc edn thidt nhu thi ndo ddi vdi mdt dan Idc Bi thuc dan bdc Idl ddn dp, hi nhung ke ed quyin dua vao dudng nghien ngap, cd bae, rugu che, hill cbich Idm eho ddn ngu di de iri, dd la chinh sdch md cdc nha edm quyIn d thudc dia hay diing nhdl Khdng cd Sd 3411 Thang 11-20121 VAN HhA NOMI^ THI I A T fROMC hgc khdng cd tri Ihiic thi khdng tbl bill dugc quyIn Igi vd nghia vu cua mhih ddi vdi td qudc vdi dan tdc, vd cung chdng tbl xdy dyng duge mdt xa hdi van minh Nhan bidt duge dilu dd Id vd cung quan ddi vdi vdn menh sdng c6n eiia mdt dan tgc ndn sau gidnh duge chfnh quyIn, cho dii edn ngdn ngang vdi nhilu sy vu thu giac ngoai, nhung Hd Chf Minh da nhan thiic rdt ro: Mdt dan tdc dd't Id mdt ddn tdc ydu vd xdc dinh dd't eQng Id mdt ihii giac, nen bat lay vdo nhung hdnh ddng cu thi Thdng - 1945, nhan ngdy khai trudng ddu iieii, Hd Chf Minh to rd nilm vui thu giti nhimg chu nhan tuong lai ciia ddi nude Viet Nam ddn chu cdng hda: "Tdi dd tudng lugng tha'y trudc mdt cdi eanh nhdn nhip lung birng ciia ngdy tyu trudng d khdp cac noi Nhung sung sudng ban nQa, tir gid phiil trd di, ede em bat ddu dugc nhan mdt nIn giao due hodn todn Viet Nam" Theo Hd Chf Minh dd Id nIn giao due ciia mdt nude ddc lap, lam phdt triln hodn loan nhung nang luc sdn ed hoc sinh va se dao lao cac em trd thdnh nhiing ngudi cdng dan hihi fch cho da't nude Bdi, Hd Chi Minh xac dinh rd, va dd cQng la Idi trao gui tin tudng ddi vdi hgc sinh: "Non sdng Viet Nam trd nen luoi dep hay khdng, dan tde Viet Nam cd bude tdi dai vinh quang dl sdnb vai vdi ede cudng qudc nam chau dugc hay khdng, chfnh la nhd mdt phdn Idn cdng hgc tap cua cac em" Ben eanh viec giii thu ddn cac em hgc sinh nhan ngdy khai trudng ft ngdy sau dd Hd Chf Minh da chu truong md chiln dich chdng nan mil chii loan dan, bang vide ban hdnh ba sde lenh quan trgng vl gido due, dd Id: Sdc lenh 17/SL lap Nha binh dan hgc vu, Sdc lenh I9/SL quy dinh mgi ldng phai ed Idp hgc binh ddn va Sdc lenh 20/SL cudng bach hgc chfl qudc ngii khdng mdt tiln Nhu vdy cd ihl thdy, dudi chi dd mdi, Hd Chf Minh lanh lu tdi cao cua dd't nude, da quan tam ddn viee hgc hanh ciia todn ddn Td'l nhien, sy quan tam dy dIu duge chill xudi iir thye liln each mang ciia nhilu nude tren thi gidi, vd dae bill la tir truyin thdng hidu hgc eua dan tdc ISd341 Thang 11-2012 Viet Nam Muc dfch ciia sy hgc Id dl thdnh ngudi, Idm ngudi vdi diing nghia ciia nd, Id dl dan manh, nude giau, xa hdi van minh NIn gido due ciia chd dd xa hdi mdi dugc Hd Chf Minh xdc lap Id mang dae dilm Viet Nam vd rdt Viet Nam Ndi ddn viee hgc Id ndi ddn bdn phdn, quan he ciia thdy vd trd Thdy thdy, ird trd thd mdi Id trudng Idp mdi dung truyin thdng gido due ciia dan tde Trong gido due, vai trd cua ngudi thdy Id vd cQng quan Irgng, thdy Id ngudi truyin bd kidn ihiic, khoi ddy nang khidu tilm an vd dinh hudng tuong lai cho hgc sinh VI tbl, ngudi thdy phai cd kiln thiie vd phai mdu myc nhiing hdnh vi, dl 1dm guang cho cac em noi theo Su anh hudng ciia thdy Id vd cung quan trgng, "thdy lit thi anh hudng tdt thdy xdu thi anh hudng xdu, cho nen phai chii f gido due chfnh tri tu tudng trudc, chfnh thdy gido, cd gido cOng phai liln bd vl tu tudng" Dae biet bdi ndi chuyin vdi Idp hoe chfnh tri ciia gido vidn nam 1959 Hd Chf Minh nhdn manh din vai trd vd udch nhidm ciia nhiing ngudi dting tren bye gidng: "Cdc cd, eac chii dIu bidt, gido vien khdng phai la go ddu tre kilm com, md Id ngucri phu trach ddo tao nhung cdng dan tiln bO, nhiing edn bd lidn bd cho ddn tdc Nhiem vu dy Id rdt ve Vang, ndn cdc cd cdc chii phai ngdy edng tiln bd dl day cho em ngdy edng tiln bd" E)l day hgc sinh dugc idl thi trudc bit ihdy, cd gido phai Id ngudi: edn - kidm - liem - chuib - chi cdng vd tu Hd Chf Minh ludn ddi hdi nIn gido due ciia nude nhd phai mang tfnh loan didn, hgc sinh phai dugc gido due ea vl diic - tri - thi - my, khdng hgc sudng, hgc vel md hgc phai di ddi vdi hanh "Cdt nha't Id phai day cho hgc trd bill thuong yeu gidng ndi, phai day cho hgc ttd c6 y ehf ly lap, ty cudng, quydi khdng thua kim ai, quydt khdng chiu 1dm nd le" Vd, mdi dilu khdng kIm phdn quan trgng sy nghilp giao due ciia nude nhd Id khdng phai hgc dai trd, thdy gl hgc ndy, md hoe cd trgng dilm, theo nhu cdu thuc td Hd Chf Minh nhaii manh: "Day vd hge edn phai theo nhu cdu cua dan Idc, eiia LAMTHFonirnNfiRAn nhd nude cung ca'p dii can bd cho ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep, cho cac ngdnh kinh l l vd van hda Dd Id nhiem vu ve vang ciia cac thay gido ed gido" Cd thi ndi rdng, Hd Chf Minh Id ngudi dat nIn mdng ddu tidn cho nIn giao due mdi cua nude Viet Nam NIn gido due ciia mdt chd dd uu Viet, dd quan hi thdy trd ludn dung muc: ihay thdy, trd ird, dd Id hai mat bd bin ciia mdt vdn dl khdng ihl thidu va idch rdi dugc Mdt nIn gido due mang tfnh nhan van eao ea, md cdi dfch hudng tdi Id ddo lao nhCmg ngudi ed diic cd tai dl phung sy id qudc nhan ddn dodn tbl Vdi su quan tam va sy ehi dao sat cua Hd Chf Minh nhihig nam thang cua hai cude khdng chiln chdng ngoai xam, dae bill la giai doan khdng chidn chdng My, irong hodn canh da't nude vd eting khd khdn, nhung gido due ciia chung la da dat dugc nhieu ihanh tuu ddng ghi nhan Nhilu thdy ed thye su Id idm guong sang cho hgc sinh noi theo, canh dd ciing khdng ft hgc sinh vugt khd dl hgc tap nhilu viing que, vao Idp hgc dau lien, thay ed da edm lay cae em dua theo limg chii Va cung d nhiing viing qui dd, khdng ft em sang di hge chilu chan trau, cat co hoac 1dm nhiing cdng viec ndi trg giiip dd gia dinh, tdi den lai bdn chile den ddu lii mti dl hodn thdnh bai vd eho hdm sau Hdi dd chidn tranh nen lam gl cd dien, thd nhung, dti mua hay ndng, diu dudng Idy Idi, thi tdi ddn cae thay, cdc cd vdn tan tinh tdi Ifimg nha dl kilm tra tinh thdn hgc tap cua cdc em hge sinh Ngoai ra, cude sdng hang ngay, nhilu thdy cd nhudng nhiing khdu phan nhd nhoi cua minh dl giiip mdt sd em cd hoan eanh dae biet khd khan Nhihig hanh ddng dd, vdn im dgng iri nhd ciia Idp ngudi dugc sinh va hgc tap nhflng nam Ihdng 60,70 cua TK XX NIn gido due Hd Chf Minh sang Idp theo tinh thdn xa hdi chCi nghia, vdn edn tri dugc tfnh nhdn ban a^y ddn khoang 20 nam sau ngdy da't nude giai phdng Bude vao thdi k j ddi mdi, ludng gid hdi nhdp vdi cac nude tren tbl gidi da dem lai cho ddt nude la nhilu thudn loi eQng nhu tbdeh thiic mdi TCr ndng thdn ddn thdnh ihi, kinh tl dang ngdy mdt phdt triln, ddi sdng ngudi dan trd ndn no du hon, va tdt ylu cha't lugng cude sdng tdt hon uudc rdt nhilu Sau bao nhidu nam chidn tranh, cdi ddi cdi rit cii deo ddng mai ngudi dan, ihl gid day can khdt 1dm gidu da ddn Chiln luge di tdt ddn ddu, dugc nhilu ngudi vdn dung vdo ca linh vyc kinh tl gido due Phd xd, nhd eiia khang u-ang, trir nhung viing xa xdi hlo Idnh, edn nhin chung nhd nhd dIu cd ti vi, til lanh, xe mdy d thdnh phd chdng ft gia dinh ed dilu kidn mua xe hoi, xay nhd Idu, cdi hg bill dting dd hang hidu, ihich an dd tdy ban dd ta Le ra, ddi vdi mdt ddi cd nIn kinh td tren dd phdt triln, ihl theo dd, cude sd'ng cung mdt van minh ban, va nhiing gid tri van hda truyin thdng cdng phai dugc phdt huy cude sdng bidn dai Nhung gdn 30 nam tir ddt nude ta bude vdo thdi kj ddi mdi ddn nay, ngodi nhung tyu dat dugc, thi canh dd, khdng ft gid tri van hda so vdi truyin Ihdng da lech chudn di kha nhilu Vdn dl ndy da dugc BCHTLT Dang chi rd nhilu nam qua Nghi quydt Hdi nghi BCHTU" Dang (khoa VII) vl Mot so' nhiem vw ddi mdi vd chinh ddn Ddng da ehi ro: "Trong Dang ed mdt bd phan giam siil f chf chidn ddu, phai nhat ly tudng dao ddng, mdt long tin, dd mdi sd chiu anh hudng ciia khuynh hudng eo hdi Khdng ft can bd, dang vidn bi chu nghia cd nhan thye dung cudn hut, trd nen thoai hda, hu hong Te tham nhung, hdi 16, budn lau, an choi vung phi tdi san ciia nhan dan rdt nghiem trgng vd keo dai"(l) Din Dai hdi VIII, Dang ta tilp tue nhan dinh: "Dilu ddng lo ngai la khdng ft edn bd, dang vidn phai nhat 1^ ludng each mang, tha hda vl phdm chdt dao diie"(2) Va, Dai hdi XI, Dang khdng dinh: "Tmh trang suy thoai vl chfnh tri, tu ludng, dao diic, Idi sdng mdt bd phan khdng nhd can bd, dang vidn vd tinh trang tham nhung, lang phf, quan lieu, nhflng lieu cue vd te nan xa hdi chua dugc ngan chan, ddy liii ma tiep tue diln bidn phiic tap"(3) (xem tiep trang 37) Sd341| Th^ng 11-20121 BigN ANH-TRUYEN HlNH ngudi xem) Vdi Hollywood, ndu dien anh Id mdt cdng nghd thi quang eao la mdt khdu quan trgng eua cdng nghi dd Cde nha lam phim Vidt (ddc biet Id tu nhdn) da y thflc rd't ro Id phai coi trgng khau qudng eao hinh anh cho nhan vdt vl day Id mdt nhflng khdu then ehd'i dl bao dam cho sy thdnh cdng cua phim Ngay tfl phim mdi bdi ddu hinh thdnh hg hi Id mdt vai thdng tin vl diln viln thu vai bd phim sdp bdm mdy Hg lung hd till Id ft nhilu cdc thdng tin liln quan tfl bd phim, dae biet la diln vien vd nhan vat Thye t l eho thdy, dfl bd phim hay hodc dd ndu dugc quang cao dung mflc vd lien luc se thu hut dugc sy ehu y ciia khdn gia tdi 80% so vdi 100% khdn gia tdi rap sau ndy d nude ta mdt ndm san xud'l rd'l I'l phim vd thudng rap mdi dip ill Nguyen ddn Do vdy cde nhd 1dm phim thudng ed thdi gian ddi dl quang edo, thdm chf Id tfl ddu ndm Tdm lai, phim truyen mudi nam ddu TK XXI da xdy dyng duge nhilu' nhdn vdt mang tfnh edeh hgp thdi dai, hgp hodn cdnh Nhung vl qud nhilu phim 1dm vl gidi irl khiln ngudi xem khdng khoi dat cdu hdi, lidu cd phai gidi tri mdi Id ngudi thdi thugng hay khdng, dl rdi nhan vat gid tudi khdng cdn duge phan dnh trdn phim, hoac chi dugc phan dnh rdt ft vd nhd II Hay thd chd dgi sau mdt vdi ndm nQa, phim truydn nude nhd cd cdn ddnh uu thd ddc tdn thdi thugng cho gidi u-e hay khdng? • H.TB.C TUTQUAN DIEM GIAO DUG gia dinh cho du khd khdn, cflng danh phai cdn rang md ty nguydn Vdi hge sinh, nghi ma thuong, mdi bude vdo lilu hge, tudi edn non tre nhimg cae em da phai chiu qud nhilu dp lye Nhilu gia dinh mai me 1dm kinh ll, ndn ddy hoan loan trdch nhiem vl phfa thay cd va nha trudng Hgc ca d trudng tdi ddn lai nhd thdy ed kem lidp, cac em chdng cdn thdi gian ma nghi ngoi, Ihl mdi cd linh trang: sang id vd, ehilu ngdi thd, tdi hgc chmh va cudi nam cfl kha gidi, xudt sdc nhu thudng Hidn tugng nay, bidn da trd ndn phd biln, dang cd xu hudng di ngugc vdi nln gido due Hd Cbi Muih sang lap Rdt may nhilu CO quan chflc nang da nhdn thflc vdn dl, dang bat tay vao chdn chinh dl nln giao due cua nude nha gifl duge tuih nhdn ban vdn ed efla nd Nhung xem cai su hgc bdy gid efla eac em hge sinh vdn cdn gian nan, vdt va Idm • N.D.N (tidp theo trang 13) Trong bdi canh thue trang ddt nude cdn ed nhflng vdn nan nhu nhan dinh cua BCHTU" Dang qua cac kj" dai hdi, chdc chan rdng, nln gido due ciia nude ta cflng bi anh hudng it, nhilu Tbyc ^ sy thuong mai hda da xudt hiln d nhilu trudng lai nhQng phd Idn, ddn din tinh cam, quan he ihay ird khdng edn dm dgng nhu xua nQa, ma chu ydu mdi quan hd dd dugc thye hiln giQa thdy cd va phu huynh hgc sinh gifla phu huynh hgc sinh va nha trudng Nhilu trudng hgp tfch hgc idp eua cdc em dugc danh gid thdng qua sy nhidt linh cua phu huynh hge smh vide "cham soc" thdy cd, nhdt la ddi vdi nhQng gia dinh kha gia vd gia dinh ed eon em hgc vugt tuyen Sy tra on din nghia dd, chu ydu thiln vl vat chdt md ft cd f nghia vl mat tinh cam, ddi vugt qud gidi han dilu dy ddn tao cho mdt sd thdy ed cdi tdm I^ chd dgi, mong mdi vao nhflng II tdt d chilu nguge lai, cflng chang ft giao vidn Igi dung mdi quan he dl tranh thii tdng them thu nhdp bang each hgp thflc hda sy tu nguyen cua gia dinh hgc sinh Nhd trudng thi hd hdo tu nguydn ddng kinh phf: hgc ihem, mua quat, Idl nln quel tudng mua mdy dilu hda thd Id nhflng khoan tiln liln tidp ddn Idn ddu phu huynh hgc sinh Vi eon em chung la, nln nhilu Dang C6ng san Viet Nam Vdn kien Ddng todn tap, lap 52, Nxb Cliinh tri Qud'c gia H& N6i, 2007 ir 190 Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dai hdi dai biett todn qudc thdi kji ddi mdi (khoa VI, VII, VIII, IX X), Nxb Chinh trj Qud'c gia, Hk N6i, 2011, tr.657 Ding Cflng san Vifit Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu loan qudc Idn tltH XI Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, H4 Nfli, 2011, tr.l73 8d341| Thdng 11-20121 ... van minh Nhan bidt duge dilu dd Id vd cung quan ddi vdi vdn menh sdng c6n eiia mdt dan tgc ndn sau gidnh duge chfnh quyIn, cho dii edn ngdn ngang vdi nhilu sy vu thu giac ngoai, nhung Hd Chf Minh. .. tiln Nhu vdy cd ihl thdy, dudi chi dd mdi, Hd Chf Minh lanh lu tdi cao cua dd''t nude, da quan tam ddn viee hgc hanh ciia todn ddn Td''l nhien, sy quan tam dy dIu duge chill xudi iir thye liln each... nude giau, xa hdi van minh NIn gido due ciia chd dd xa hdi mdi dugc Hd Chf Minh xdc lap Id mang dae dilm Viet Nam vd rdt Viet Nam Ndi ddn viee hgc Id ndi ddn bdn phdn, quan he ciia thdy vd trd